Objective: Immunization is the most effective preventive health measure known to protect children from serious diseases and death. However, in both developed and developing countries, parents may ...hesitate to vaccinate their children for various reasons. With this study, we aimed to report the attitudes of parents on this issue in our hospital, where patients from all socioeconomic and cultural levels applied due to its location. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to the parents of children aged 0-14 years, who applied to the pediatric outpatient clinics in the 3rd level education and research hospital between April 2016 and October 2016, to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes about vaccination. Results: It was observed that 98.1% of the parents participating in the study applied the Ministry of Health vaccination schedule. 29.5% of the parents stated that they experienced side effects after vaccination. The most common side effects are fever (19%), tenderness at the vaccination site (3.8%), diarrhea (2.9%), rash at the vaccination site (1.9%), and convulsion (1.9%), respectively. 75.2% of the parents stated that they did not hear anything negative about vaccines. The reported negative effects are fever (4.8%), allergy (4.8%), vomiting (3.8%), sterility (3.8%), paralysis (2.9%), seizure (1.9%), autism (1%), aluminum content (1%), and disease (1%), respectively. It was observed that 94.3% of the parents wanted their children to be vaccinated, 1.9% did not want to be vaccinated because of the negative news in the media, 1.9% because of different discourses among doctors, and 1.9% because they thought it would be better to pass the diseases naturally. Conclusion: It was seen that most of the parents applied the vaccination schedule of the Ministry of Health. We should not forget the importance of vaccination to protect both individual and public health, and measures should be taken to eliminate unnecessary prejudices of parents in this regard. Keywords: Child; parent; vaccination. Amac: Bagisiklama cocuklari cok ciddi hastaliklardan ve olumden koruyan, bilinen en etkili koruyucu saglik onlemidir. Ancak gerek gelismis gerek gelismekte olan ve gelismemis ulkelerde cesitli nedenlerle ebeveynler cocuklarini asilamaktan cekinebilmektedirler. Bu calisma ile konumu itibariyle her sosyoekonomik ve kultur duzeyinden hastalarin basvurdugu hastanemizde ebeveynlerin bu konudaki tutumlarini raporlamayi hedefledik. Gerec ve Yontem: Nisan 2016-Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasinda 3.duzey egitim arastirma hastanesinde cocuk polikliniklerine cesitli nedenlerle basvuran yaslari 0-14 arasinda degisen cocuklarin ebeveynlerine asilama konusundaki bilgi duzeylerini ve tutumlarini degerlendirmek amaciyla bir anket uygulandi. Bulgular: Calismaya katilan ebeveynlerin %98.1'nin Saglik Bakanligi asi takvimini uyguladiklari gorulmustur. Ebeveynlerin %29.5'i asilama sonrasi yan etki gorduklerini belirtmistir. En sik gorulen yan etkiler sirasiyla; ates (%19), asi bolgesinde hassasiyet (%3.8), ishal (%2.9), asi bolgesinde kizariklik (%1.9) ve havale (%1.9) olarak belirlenmistir. Ebeveynlerin %75.2'si asilar ile ilgili olumsuz bir sey duymadiklarini belirtmistir. Bildirilen olumsuz etkiler ise sirasiyla; ates (%4.8), alerji (%4.8), kusma (%3.8), kisirlik (sterilite) (%3.8), felc (%2.9), havale (%1.9), otizm (%1), aluminyum icermesi (%1) ve hastalik yapmasi (%1) olarak belirtilmistir. Ebeveynlerin %94.3'nun cocuklarina asi yaptirmak istedikleri, %1.9'nun medyada cikan olumsuz haberler nedeniyle, %1.9'nun doktorlar arasinda farkli soylemler olmasi nedeniyle, %1.9'nin ise hastaliklari dogal yolla gecirmenin daha dogru oldugunu dusunmeleri nedeniyle asi yaptirmak istemedikleri gorulmustur. Sonuc: Bu calismamiz ile ebeveynlerin cok buyuk kisminin Saglik Bakanligi asi takvimini uyguladiklari gorulmustur. Gerek bireysel gerek halk sagliginin korunmasi amaciyla asilamanin onemini unutmamali, bu konuda ebeveynlerin gereksiz on yargilarini yok etmek icin onlemler alinmasi gerektigini dusunmekteyiz. Anahtar Sozcukler: Asilama; cocuk; ebeveyn.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Arılar tarafından farklı bitki kaynaklarından toplanan polenlerde meydana gelen laktik asit fermantasyonu sonucunda oluşturulan bir ürün olan arı ekmeği yapısında karbohidratlar, proteinler, ...aminoasitler, yağ asitleri, organik asitler, enzimler, vitaminler, fenolik bileşikler ve mineraller gibi birçok biyoaktif bileşen bulundurmaktadır. Arı ekmeğinin bileşimi polen kaynağına ve üretildiği ortamdaki coğrafik ve iklimsel özelliklere bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterebilmektedir. Arı ekmeği zengin kimyasal bileşimi sayesinde antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antikanser ve probiyotik özellikler olmak üzere sağlık üzerine çeşitli olumlu etkilere sahiptir. Belirtilen etkilerine ilişkin ortaya konulan çalışmalar ile arı ekmeğinin bilinirliği ve arı ekmeğine karşı olan ilgi artmaktadır. Buradan hareketle bu derlemede arı ekmeğinin üretimi, bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri, sağlık üzerine etkileri ve bir gıda olarak kullanım potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Bee bread, a product produced by lactic acid fermentation in pollen collected by bees from different plant sources, contains many bioactive components such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, enzymes, vitamins, phenolics, and minerals. The composition of bee bread may vary depending on the pollen source and the geographical and climatic characteristics of the produced environment. Bee bread has various positive effects on health including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and probiotic properties thanks to its rich chemical composition. There is increasing awareness and interest of bee bread with the reported studies on its stated effects. From this point of view, it is aimed to evaluate the production of bee bread, some physical and chemical properties, effects on health, and potential for use as a food in this review.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children. This study aimed to evaluate the blood parameters of children with ATH who underwent surgery.
The ...study included a review of the medical records of 130 children who underwent adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy with a diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and/or chronic tonsillitis. Patients were classified into 3 groups: group 1 (n=69) underwent adenoidectomy, group 2 (n=61) underwent adenotonsillectomy, and group 3 consisted of 82 healthy children. White blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin levels, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width values were the primary outcome measures.
Mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and hemoglobin values decreased in the groups that underwent surgery. Whereas the decrease in group 1 was insignificant, it was significant in group 2. White blood cell count values increased in both group 1 (adenoidectomy) and group 2 (adenotonsillectomy), but the increase in group 2 was significant. No significant difference in platelet count was detected before versus after the operation.
Upper airway obstruction caused by ATH remarkably changes the blood parameters related to chronic hypoxia. Significant improvement can be achieved after adenotonsillectomy rather than adenoidectomy alone.
It has been reported that direct identification from blood culture bottles with positive signals and reporting the results to the clinics earlier has positive effects on mortality and morbidity. ...Extraction methods especially using detergents are used for the direct identification from the bottles which give positive signal. For this purpose, in-house methods developed based on the usage of saponin are widely available in the literature. In this study, it was aimed to develop a simple, easy-to-apply and reliable protocol for identifying the agent directly from the blood culture bottle that gives positive signal with the use of detergent Tween® 80, and to study the obtained protocol in clinical samples in a routine microbiology laboratory and to evaluate the results. The study was carried out in two stages, the experimental stage where the method was developed and the clinical stage where the method was applied. In the experimental stage, blood culture bottles were created with standard strains and isolates previously diagnosed with the 16S rRNA method. 10% solution of Tween® 80 was prepared with distilled water. 1 ml sample was transferred from the bottle that gave positive signal to the microcentrifuge tube, 100 µl of 10% solution of Tween® 80 was added, vortexed for 10 seconds and then incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature. The tubes were centrifuged for 5 min at 14.000 rpm, the supernatant was discarded and the pellet was washed with 1 ml of distilled water and centrifuged at 14.000 rpm for 5 minutes in three times. Samples taken from the pellets were rubbed on the slide and dried on air. Firstly, 1 µl of 70% formic acid, then 1 µl, of matrix solution was added and it was used after drying. In the second stage of the study, the method was applied to the 502 vials giving positive signal in the Microbiology Laboratory of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Ibni Sina Hospital between 17 April 2018-31 August 2018 and the results were compared with the subculture results. The results obtained at the end of extraction in the experimental stage were compared with the subculture results and no statistical difference was found. In 383 (82.9%) bottles among 462 (92.1%) bottles with monomicrobial positive cultures, compatible results with the subculture results were obtained. Of the microorganisms correctly identified, 350 (91.3%) were bacteria and 33 (8.7%) were fungi. On the other hand, 216 (56.4%) of the bacteria were gram positive and 134 (34.9%) of them were gram negative bacteria. At least one microorganism was correctly identified in 19 (47.5%) of 40 (7.9%) bottles with polymicrobial blood cultures. Their distribution was gram negative (n= 10) and gram positive (n= 8) and yeast (n= 1). No microorganisms were identified in six bottles with polymicrobial cultures. According to the results, we believe that this in-house method developed using Tween® 80 will be a routinely applicable method for blood culture bottles that give positive signal in microbiology laboratories and it will contribute to the early diagnosis.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Before beginning lung cancer treatment, it is necessary to complete procedures such as suspecting lung cancer, obtaining a ...pathologic diagnosis, and staging. This study aimed to investigate the processes from suspicion of lung cancer to diagnosis, staging, and treatment initiation.
The study was designed as a multicenter and cross-sectional study. Patients with lung cancer from various health institutions located in all geographic regions of Turkey were included in the study. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the characteristics of the health institutions and geographic regions, and other variables of the lung cancer process were recorded. The time from suspicion of lung cancer to pathologic diagnosis, radiologic staging, and treatment initiation, as well as influencing factors, were investigated.
The study included 1410 patients from 29 different medical centers. The mean time from the initial suspicion of lung cancer to the pathologic diagnosis was 48.0 ± 52.6 days, 39.0 ± 52.7 days for radiologic staging, and 74.9 ± 65.5 days for treatment initiation. The residential areas with the most suspected lung cancer cases were highly developed socioeconomic zones. Primary healthcare services accounted for only 0.4% of patients with suspected lung cancer. The time to pathologic diagnosis was longer in the Marmara region, and the wait time for staging and treatment initiation was longer in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. Patients who presented to chest disease referral hospitals with peripheral lesions, those with early-stage disease, and those who were diagnosed surgically had significantly longer wait times.
The time between pathologic diagnosis, staging, and treatment initiation in lung cancer was longer than expected. Increasing the role of primary healthcare services and distributing socioeconomic resources more equally will contribute to shortening the time to diagnosis and improve treatment processes for lung cancer.
•Primary healthcare services play little role in the suspicion of lung cancer.•Patients with lung cancer are frequently diagnosed in areas of high socioeconomic development.•The time between suspicion of lung cancer and pathologic diagnosis, staging, and initial treatment is longer than expected.•The Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia regions have a longer time to staging and treatment initiation.•Patients with peripheral lesions, in the early stages of their disease, and diagnosed surgically have longer wait times.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background and Objective: To evaluate long-term posterior segment findings in children recovering from multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome ...coronavirus 2. Patients and Methods: Our study included 22 patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit with a diagnosis of MIS-C between November 2021 and March 2022, and 25 healthy controls. The study included pediatric patients who had an eye examination an average of 12.35 ± 2.18 months after recovery from MIS-C. Detailed eye examinations and measurements of all participants were obtained retrospectively from patient files. Posterior segment parameters were measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A); these parameters included peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), macular vascular densities (VD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. Results: Mean age was 9.7 ± 3.6 years in the MIS-C group and 10.6 ± 2.8 years in the healthy control group (P = 0.316). There were no statistically significant differences between the MIS-C group and the healthy control group in terms of pRNFL thickness, CMT, and SCT. However, in the MIS-C group, the macular superficial vascular plexus and deep vascular plexus showed significantly lower VD in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.05 for all). A comparison of the superficial and deep FAZ area parameters of both groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions: We showed that patients who had recovered from MIS-C had retinal vascular damage at the long-term follow-up. Following up with these patients after recovery with OCT and OCT-A, which are noninvasive methods commonly used in the detailed evaluation of the posterior segment of the eye, could be beneficial for understanding the long-term effects of MIS-C on retinal microvasculature. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:XX–XX.
One of the most effective means in the combating climate change and desertification is soil organic carbon (SOC) management. However, land use puts a high pressure to fragile SOC pools particularly ...in semi-arid environments where SOC decomposition rate is high due to low soil moisture. Therefore, at higher elevations of Mediterranean Basin with cooler temperature SOC is higher than the coastal plains due to the better soil moisture contents. Agricultural pressure on highlands has increased in recent years because of the relatively low water requirement of crops. The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the SOC dynamics in relation to the variations of soil physical and chemical characteristics from different elevations, ranging from 64 meters to 756 meters at semi-arid Mediterranean climate. SOC revealed decreases versus altitude increases that varied from 24.7 to 38.7 t ha-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.527. The main driver of decreasing SOC by elevation is most probably displacing of fine particles from surface horizons by accelerated erosion at sloping and cultivated lands of higher altitudes. As a result, it is necessary to focus both on the plant pattern along with land management techniques for enhancing soil organic matter in agricultural production for enhancing SOC at higher elevations.
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