A business can be properly managed globally when it is under a supply chain. When it is a global supply chain, inflation has a huge effect on supply chain profit. Another important factor is the ...deterioration of products. Products can deteriorate during storage or transportation, which badly affects each supply chain player. This study develops a three-echelon supply chain model through which products can be delivered to customers easily. In this model, one producer and multiple buyers are considered, and each buyer has a separate group in which multiple suppliers have been taken. Inflation is also added to the model for inflationary fluctuations. To understand this model in real life, a numerical example is discussed and the total profit from the supply chain is extracted. Sensitivity analysis is also shown at the end of the model to find out the effect on the model due to changes in some parameters that affect this model highly. After developing this model, it was found that if the inflation rate falls, then the total profit will increase continuously. On the contrary, if the inflation rate increases, then, in this situation, the total profit will decrease continuously. At present, vaccine makers’ total profit can support the economy of any country, and in this model, the inflation rate decreases as profit increases.
Studies at the juncture of development economics and public health take on considerable responsibility in addressing inequality and related mental health distress. Mental healthcare in economically ...marginalized populations requires depicting the linkages between socioeconomic status and psychological distress. In the present work, a sequential mixed-methods design was used to study 190 people in such communities in India. Gender-dependent psychological distress was found according to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) with moderate distress in women (M = 26.30, SD = 9.15) and mild distress in men (M = 21.04, SD = 8.35). Regression analysis indicated that gender significantly predicted psychological distress, followed by age, marital status, and the level of education of the head of the family. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of semi-structured interviews of the six women who scored the highest on the distress scale unveiled three master themes: (1) manifestation of psychological distress, (2) contextual challenges, and (3) sources of strength and resilience. Overall, participants reported a lack of resources, community violence, gender discrimination, and widespread substance use as major contributors to the ongoing distress. These findings can pave the way for future studies to expand beyond independent economic indicators and curate clinical interventions for culturally competent mental healthcare.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has killed huge populations throughout the world and acts as a high-risk factor for elderly and young immune-suppressed patients. There is a critical need ...to build up secure, reliable, and efficient drugs against to the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Bioactive compounds of Ashwagandha
Withania somnifera (L.)
Dunal may implicate as herbal medicine for the management and treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the current work is to update the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection and information about the implication of various compounds of medicinal plant
Withania somnifera
with minimum side effects on the patients’ organs. The herbal medicine
Withania somnifera
has an excellent antiviral activity that could be implicated in the management and treatment of flu and flu-like diseases connected with SARS-CoV-2. The analysis was performed by systematically re-evaluating the published articles related to the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and the herbal medicine
Withania somnifera.
In the current review, we have provided the important information and data of various bioactive compounds of
Withania somnifera
such as Withanoside V, Withanone, Somniferine, and some other compounds, which can possibly help in the management and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Withania somnifera
has proved its potential for maintaining immune homeostasis of the body, inflammation regulation, pro-inflammatory cytokines suppression, protection of multiple organs, anti-viral, anti-stress, and anti-hypertensive properties. Withanoside V has the potential to inhibit the main proteases (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. At present, synthetic adjuvant vaccines are used against COVID-19. Available information showed the antiviral activity in Withanoside V of
Withania somnifera
, which may explore as herbal medicine against to SARS-CoV-2 infection after standardization of parameters of drug development and formulation in near future.
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation is known to play a central role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among various aggregates, low-molecular weight soluble oligomers of Aβ are increasingly ...believed to be the primary neurotoxic agents responsible for memory impairment. Anionic interfaces are known to influence the Aβ aggregation process significantly. Here, we report the effects of interfaces formed by medium-chain (C9-C12), saturated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) on Aβ42 aggregation. NEFAs uniquely affected Aβ42 aggregation rates that depended on both the ratio of Aβ:NEFA as well the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the NEFAs. More importantly, irrespective of the kind of NEFA used, we observed that two distinct oligomers, 12-18 mers and 4-5 mers were formed via different pathway of aggregation under specific experimental conditions: (i) 12-18 mers were generated near the CMC in which NEFAs augment the rate of Aβ42 aggregation towards fibril formation, and, (ii) 4-5 mers were formed above the CMC, where NEFAs inhibit fibril formation. The data indicated that both 12-18 mers and 4-5 mers are formed along an alternate pathway called 'off-pathway' that did not result in fibril formation and yet have subtle structural and morphological differences that distinguish their bulk molecular behavior. These observations, (i) reflect the possible mechanism of Aβ aggregation in physiological lipid-rich environments, and (ii) reiterate the fact that all oligomeric forms of Aβ need not be obligatory intermediates of the fibril formation pathway.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide is a potential candidate for energy efficient smart windows and have crystalline phase transition temperature (
T
c
) at 68 °C. So far, literatures mainly emphasis on ...different synthetic strategies of tungsten doped VO
2
which is a most effective dopant to reduce
T
c
of VO
2
to near room temperatures. Until now, there is no report shows the incorporation of flexible 1D photonic crystals as spectrally selective, temperature tunable device to control the changes in optical transmission modulations of W-VO
2
nanostrtcures, especially in the near IR region for smart window application. W-doped VO
2
with various tungsten contents were synthesized with a facile hydrothermal route. We found that, with 1.1 at% of tungsten doping in intrinsic VO
2
, the metal to insulator transition temperature is brought down to 37 °C from 68 °C. IR transmission of VO
2
thin film can be reduced from 70% to 40% around room temperature, after doping. Significant absorption enhancement has been observed for both VO
2
and W-doped VO
2
films, deposited over tunable SiO
2
/Ta
2
O
5
based distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fabricated over flexible PET (poly-ethylene terephthalate) substrates. On depositing VO
2
over ∼70% reflecting DBR, optical transmission is reduced to ∼15% from 35% while the temperature varies to 380 K from 300 K in IR regime. Number of stacks plays a crucial role for effective IR extinctions. A high quality DBR is fabricated by increasing no. of stacks from 4 to 7, with optical transmission of DBR reduced to nearly 5% in stop band. However, with 1.1 at% of W-VO
2
over such 95% reflecting flexible DBR, optical transmission vanishes nearly, around room temperature itself in the stop bands of that DBR, which clearly indicates the significant absorption enhancement. W-VO
2
/DBR hybrid can substantially modulate the solar heat flux and also imbuing DBR over flexible PET substrates offers retrofitting of the existing windows for energy economy. Thus these structures have promising potential applications for optical devices and practical design for smart windows.
The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum ...reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. Although vegetative oils can be fuel for diesel engines, but their high viscosities, low volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the investigation of its various derivatives. Among the different possible sources, fatty acid methyl esters, known as Biodiesel fuel derived from triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fates) by transesterification with methanol, present the promising alternative substitute to diesel fuels and have received the most attention now a day. The main advantages of using Biodiesel are its renewability, better quality exhaust gas emission, its biodegradability and the organic carbon present in it is photosynthetic in origin. It does not contribute to a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and consequently to the green house effect. This paper reviews the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•In general, complexity of large scale problems increases with rise in dimension.•Large scale problems require large population size and computational cost.•In this paper SOMAQI has been used to ...solve large scale problems (dim. 100 to 3000).•Only a population size 10 is required to solve all dimensional problems.•It can be considered as low computational cost technique.•It converges fast as compared to other techniques.
Generally the complexity of the large scale optimization problem is considered to increase as the size or dimension of the problem increases and to solve these problems; more efficient and robust algorithms are needed. Several experiments have shown that an increment in dimensions of the problem not only requires an increment in population size but increases the computational cost also. In this paper a Self Organizing Migrating Algorithm with Quadratic Interpolation (SOMAQI) has been extended to solve large scale global optimization problems for dimensions ranging from 100 to 3000 with a constant population size of 10 only. It produces high quality optimal solution with very low computational cost and converges very fast to optimal solution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Accurate prediction of municipal solid waste generation has an important role in future planning and waste management system. The characteristics of the generated solid waste are different at ...different places (municipality to municipality or country to country). The accurate prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation becomes a crucial task in modern era. Its prediction requires accurate MSW data. The aim of the present study is to design the time series model for predicting monthly based municipal solid waste generation in Faridabad city of Haryana State (India) using artificial neural network (ANN) time series autoregressive approach. The collected municipal solid waste observations have been arranged monthly from 2010 to 2014. The 60 months data set is divided into 42 training data sets, 9 testing data sets and 9 validating data sets. Various structures of ANN have been investigated by changing the number of hidden layer neurons. Finally best optimized structure of neural network is found. The proposed model is validated by the minimum value of performance parameters such as mean square error 0.0003714, root mean square error 0.01927 and the high value of the coefficient of regression 0.8385. On the bases of these performance parameters it is concluded that the proposed ANN model gives accurate predictive results.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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