The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc all across the globe causing exponential casualties and tremendous health and economic loss. With increasing COVID-19 cases, the amount of ...biomedical waste has increased manifolds making more people vulnerable to the pandemic. The developing and underdeveloped countries are already facing the challenges of waste management, and the waste generated during the pandemic scenario has added to the already existing challenges. The improper waste management practices need to be corrected; otherwise, the world will be facing a new disaster that could be termed as ‘waste disaster’. The increase in COVID-19-associated waste (CAW) quantity and their availability in the environment will result in their easy approach to other organisms, which will possibly increase the potential risk of food chain contamination. Some of the countries have already started to make backup plans and are struggling to overcome the ‘waste disaster’. In light of the limited knowledge available on the mutational properties and possible hosts of this newly emerged COVID-19, there is a great demand to have an efficient strategy to prevent the environment from further contamination in India. The necessity of the prevailing time is to create a more efficient, automatic, mechanized, and well-modified waste management system for handling the present situation and delaying the projected waste disaster in the near future in the era of COVID-19. The article aims to address the issues that originated from waste discharges, their potential sources along with possible sustainable solutions.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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•C. pyrenoidosa utilized Poultry excreta leachate as a novel medium resource recovery.•Biomolecule profile enhanced with PELBG in comparison to control.•Increase in 60% biomass ...productivity with PELBG.•Direct correlation observed in between nutrient load of PELBG and biomolecule profile.
The aim of this work was to study the cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on poultry excreta leachate to enhance the biochemical composition of algal biomass. The growth of microalgae was analyzed with different concentrations of poultry excreta leachate in BG-11 and distilled water. The biomolecules observed have high value in the form of carbohydrates (0.64 gL−1), protein (1.02 gL−1), chlorophyll (20 µg mL−1) and lipid amount (0.49 gL−1) with PEL BG -25%. Biomass produced in PEL BG -25% was also found to be 60% (2.5 gL−1) higher than the BG-11 medium as a control (1.5gL−1). Recovery of nutrients was observed with leachate wastewater concentration in terms of nitrate (84.2%), ammonium nitrogen (53.1%), and inorganic phosphate (96.2%). Hence, sustainability of microalgae cultivation in wastewater provides a new insight for resource utilization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A new issue resulting from shifting dietary preferences is effluent from slaughterhouses. Because non-point sources produce the majority of the wastewater from slaughterhouses, treating it is a ...laborious operation. In this study,
Chlorella vulgaris
(
C. vulgaris
) was chosen to sequestrate nutrients from slaughterhouses wastewater (at a concentration of 50%) for the removal of pollutants, the generation of lipids, and to enhance the processing of freshwater footprints. The maximum biomass was found 390 mg L
−1
. Algal growth kinetic investigations backed the Logistic model, which demonstrated greater fitness in predicting a number of important parameters than the modified Gompertz model. Additionally,
C. vulgaris
is effective at removing pollutant load (32–77% COD and 32–75% BOD) as well as nutrients (33–82% nitrate and 29–78% phosphate). An increasing opportunity for sustainable biofuels is shown by the lipid output (30.7%) throughout the algae culture phase. The first-order model was also useful in figuring out the pollution removal process rate constant. The slaughterhouse wastewater is the good substitute for nutrients removal as well as the production of lipid via reducing the freshwater footprint.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Earlier investigations on biological methods of wastewater treatment have revealed that algal based wastewater treatment could be a green, cost effective and efficient approach for the removal of ...heavy metals. So, this study aimed to assess the potential of microalga
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
for remediation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Ni) from varying concentration (25%, 50%, 75 and 100%) of wastewater collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant. Heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Ni have been removed significantly from the wastewater, with percentage removal ranging from 73%, 60%, 75%, 66%, 87%, 83%, and 74% with 50% test solution, 57%, 59%, 70%, 56%, 72%, 66%, and 62% with 75% test solution, and 47%, 55%, 56%, 71%, 61%, 77%, and 72% with 100% test solution respectively. Studies on biochemical assay (protein, carbohydrate, and pigment) of
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
were also an important part of the present investigation to understand the interaction of heavy metals with algal biochemical compounds using Pearson correlation co-efficient. Biomass grown in CETP wastewater can be used for synthesis of various fruitful value-added end products like bio-diesel, pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products, bio-adsorbent etc.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Feasibility of rice husk derived nano-silicates (RHDNS) for harvesting of
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
grown in pharmaceutical wastewater was investigated. Flocculation efficiency of RHDNS to flocculate ...algal cells was then compared with that of inorganic flocculant(alum). RHDNS proved to be highly efficient for flocculating
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
grown in varying concentrations of influent and effluent from industry. At neutral pH, RHDNS (500 mg/L) found sufficient to attain flocculation efficiency ~ 95.5%. However, integration of alum with RHDNS reduces dose requirement of both alum and RHDNS. At neutral pH, alum(30 mg/L)-RHDNS (100 mg/L) composite showed 98.6% and at pH 9, 99.6% efficiency in comparatively less time span. Employing FTIR and Zeta potential analysis, structural association between algal cells and flocculant molecules has been observed through charge neutralization flocculation mechanism. Utilization of RHDNS apparently validates sustainable solution to obstruction issue in biodegradation of rice crop residue due to presence of silica. This study evidently promotes zero waste circular economy.
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Rice crop waste has been processed to convert into bio-flocculant i.e., Rice husk derived nano-silicate (RHDNS) for harvesting of algal biomass. To best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted till date by utilizing rice crop waste as flocculant for algal biomass harvesting and thus the approach is considered as novel. Rice crop waste which is a serious contributor for atmospheric aerosols as secondary pollutant due to massive burning in agricultural farmland in particular season after food grain harvest. Comparatively, RHDNS was found cost-effective and successful in providing the algal biomass flocculation in respect of others. Also, this application apparently validates sustainable solution to the problematic biodegradation of rice crop residue due to presence of silica. Zeta potential analysis, structural association between algal cells and flocculant molecules has been observed through charge neutralization flocculation mechanism supports the proposed mechanism with experimental findings.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this study, the influence of solar inclination angles on biomass growth and the biomolecule profile of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were analyzed in the vertical flat–panel ...photobioreactor (FPPBR). The growth of C. pyrenoidosa was analyzed at three different solar inclination angles (32.9°, 47.9°, and 90°) in a natural open environment with BG-11 medium and poultry excreta leachate (PEL). The maximum yield of biomass was obtained at 2.40 g/L with PEL and 1.45 g/L with BG-11 medium at a solar inclination angle of 47.9°. The biomass yield with PEL and BG-11 was 5.09–10.26%, 3.94–5.72%, respectively, while biomass productivity with PEL and BG-11 was 5.27–10.63%, 4.06–5.90% higher at a solar inclination angle of 47.9° as compared to 32.9°. The average temperature and radiation of FPPBR were recorded ≈3.90 ± 0.40% and ≈17.28 ± 2.23% higher at a solar inclination angle of 47.9° as compared to a solar inclination angle of 32.9°. The inclined radiation was acquired the maximum area of FPPBR. Results indicated that solar inclination angles enhanced the productivity of algae in FPPBR.
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Biofuels can be produced from the organic material that can replace fossil fuels effectively to save environment. Various biofuels such as biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biogas ...are common nowadays and being produced through respective production pathways. Production of different biofuels are dependent on enzymes either for pretreatment of feedstock or having vital role in synthesise process. The mode of action of these enzymes decides the process efficiency as well as the feasibility. Commercialization of biofuels from variable biomass has certain limitations related to enzymes involved. Proper understanding of mechanism of action provide solutions to the limitations and advancements. Application of genetic engineering approaches not only making the enzymatic process economic but also opening the avenues of advancements. The review mainly focused on current status of enzymes in biofuels production processes and related research and developments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The erratic outlay of energy, due to a variety of reasons ranging from geopolitical impediments to global monetary matters, can be witnessed to make efforts toward the vicissitude of a clean energy ...society. Organic solar cells (OSCs) present many appealing prospects and have the potential to realize this transition with their co-occurring technologies. The augmentation in their efficiency is essential for their triumphant commercialization. Regardless, researchers in this domain have made stringent steps to demonstrate > 15 % efficiency, recently achieving nearly 20 %. The doorway of Non-Fullerene Acceptors (NFAs) has fetched a reinvigorated age in the blossoming of OSCs. In this review, we have given an insight of OSCs and recent advancements in the field to discern the materials exemplified in the literature. Novel device architectures such as ternary and tandem, trustworthy for high efficiency, have been elucidated. The fabrication techniques and performance of some efficient large-scale devices (>1 cm2) are reviewed. The pivotal challenges confronting OSCs and some amelioration strategies to create a paradigm shift in further achieving state-of-the-art OSCs are also enlisted in the present review.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Rate of energy production is reflecting growth of nations and most of energy produced from the coal and natural gas-based thermal power plants (TPPs). Flue gas (point sources of emission) are main ...exhaustible form of gases that come from thermal power plants and are continuously promoting climate change and various environmental problems in global scenario. The present available technologies of flue gas treatment are energy and cost-intensive process. Among the available techniques for fixation of flue-gases at sustainable part, microalgal bio-fixation of flue gas is an alternative promising and competent technology with assurance of eco-friendly path of low energy and low-cost solution for pollution abetment with production of value added products. According to mechanism involves during photosynthetic process of microalgae, it utilizes atmospheric CO2 and CO2 from flue gases for their growth. Past, present and future treatment technologies for flue gas with their challenges are discussed. Recent experimental studies and commercially available bioreactors are very particular for bio-fixation of flue gas from thermal power plants are also reviewed with their future perspectives. The commercial viability of process with specific microalgal strains and utilized biomass for further value-added products are suggested with future limitations.
•Flue gas emits from thermal power plants consists of COx, NOx, SOx and heavy metals.•Strain selection & culturing system is important for bio-fixation of flue gas.•Closed type photobioreactors are more suitable for bio-fixation of flue gas.•Bio-fixation rate is totally depends upon the raw materials used in TPPs.•Process cost is a major challenge for bio-fixation of flue gas from TPPs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater (SHWW) with Chlorella pyrenoidosa.•Maximized growth observed with 50% concentration in 430 mgL−1 of biomass (dry wt.)•COD, NO3– and PO4−3 ...reduction ≈17–31%, 23–42%, 18–48% with 50% concentration of SHWW.•Correlation analysis investigation in between parameters of SHWW and algal strain.•SHWW treatment with Chlorella supports pollutant reduction and biochemical profiles.
Slaughterhouse produce large amount of wastewater, containing high pollutant load in terms of protein, fats and meat pieces, might lead to source of non-point contamination. Various concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of slaughterhouse wastewater were used to increase the algal biomass production, pollutants removal and biochemical profile analysis under controlled conditions of C. pyrenoidosa. Results showed that the maximum biomass yield 430 mg L−1 was achieved at 50% concentration of wastewater to other concentration of wastewater. Direct relation was observed in between pollution load and nutrient load of SHWW with biochemical profile of C. pyrenoidosa. The COD/BOD ratio (1.9) was found to be significant on the scale of degradability by algal biomass. Sufficient nutrient removal efficiencies (23–42%, 18–48%) and pollutant load efficiencies (17–31%, 7–29%) were observed. Findings showed that slaughterhouse wastewater is rich in nutrients, which can be utilized for algal biomass production and wastewater remediation for future endeavors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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