Metrics can be used to evaluate the overall structural complexity of the data warehouse (DW) and assess its quality in the early phases of design and development. The requirements data model plays a ...crucial role in developing a quality-based DW. Several researchers have assessed the quality of the requirements data model using the requirements metrics based on the agent-goal-decision-information (AGDI) model, both formally and empirically. However, no assessment has been implemented on the structural complexities of the requirements data model based on goal, decision, and information hierarchies. Considering this, the study proposes a novel structural complexity metric to assess the overall complexity of the requirements data model at different phases (information, decision and organisation) and to analyze the links between the different levels of granularity in these models. The proposed metric is formally validated by applying the measurement theory-based Briand’s framework for complexity measure (i.e., one of the five notions of measurements in Software Engineering) by confirming that the proposed metric is valid and defined correctly under certain mathematical properties. As a result, we conclude that the proposed structural complexity metric is accurately defined and effectively valid. We also provide a detailed comparison of various requirements metrics commonly used in similar contexts to contextualize our proposed metric within the broader landscape of existing methodologies. Additionally, we have included comprehensive guidelines and practical examples for applying the proposed structural complexity metric in DW development scenarios to enhance its utility among practitioners. The proposed metric can be utilized to ensure the accuracy of the requirements model, thereby improving the overall quality of DW.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Histone modification plays a major role in regulating gene transcription and ensuring the healthy development of an organism. Numerous studies have suggested that histones are dynamically modified ...during developmental events to control gene expression levels in a temporal and spatial manner. However, the study of histone acetylation dynamics using currently available techniques is hindered by the difficulty of simultaneously measuring acetylation of the numerous potential sites of modification present in histones. Here, we present a methodology that allows us to combine mass spectrometry-based histone analysis with Drosophila developmental genetics. Using this system, we characterized histone acetylation patterns during multiple developmental stages of the fly. Additionally, we utilized this analysis to characterize how treatments with pharmacological agents or environmental changes such as γ-irradiation altered histone acetylation patterns. Strikingly, γ-irradiation dramatically increased the level of acetylation at H3K18, a site linked to DNA repair via nonhomologous end joining. In mutant fly strains deficient in DNA repair proteins, however, this increase in the level of H3K18 acetylation was lost. These results demonstrate the efficacy of our combined mass spectrometry system with a Drosophila model system and provide interesting insight into the changes in histone acetylation during development, as well as the effects of both pharmacological and environmental agents on global histone acetylation.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Over the past decade, incorporation of nanomaterials into agricultural practices like nanofertilizers and nanopesticides has gained a lot of attention. Progress and application of fertilizers in ...nanoforms are one of the effective options for considerable improvement of the agricultural yield worldwide. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are considered as a biosafe material for biological species. Earlier studies have shown the potential of ZnO NPs in stimulation of seed germination and plant growth as well as disease suppression and plant protection by its antimicrobial activity. However, both positive and negative effects of ZnO NPs on plant growth and metabolism at various developmental periods have been documented. Uptake, translocation and accumulation of ZnO NPs by plants depend upon the features of NPs as well as the anatomy of the host plant. This review summarizes the applications of ZnO NPs as nanofertilizer in crop production and also attempts to examine and record the possible mechanism of antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs. Biological synthesis of ZnO NPs and their uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants via various routes have also been examined.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Histone acetylation plays an important role in DNA replication and repair because replicating chromatin is subject to dynamic changes in its structures. However, its precise mechanism remains ...elusive. In this report, we describe roles of the NuA4 acetyltransferase and histone H4 acetylation in replication fork protection in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Downregulation of NuA4 subunits renders cells highly sensitive to camptothecin, a compound that induces replication fork breakage. Defects in NuA4 function or mutations in histone H4 acetylation sites lead to impaired recovery of collapsed replication forks and elevated levels of Rad52 DNA repair foci, indicating the role of histone H4 acetylation in DNA replication and fork repair. We also show that Vid21 interacts with the Swi1-Swi3 replication fork protection complex and that Swi1 stabilizes Vid21 and promotes efficient histone H4 acetylation. Furthermore, our genetic analysis demonstrates that loss of Swi1 further sensitizes NuA4 and histone H4 mutant cells to replication fork breakage.
Considering that Swi1 plays a critical role in replication fork protection, our results indicate that NuA4 and histone H4 acetylation promote repair of broken DNA replication forks.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: Fibrous histiocytoma (FH), a mesenchymal tumour, usually have an orbital presentation. Rarely, FH in both benign and malignant forms have been reported at limbus and conjunctiva. Present ...narrative review was conducted to determine demographic profile, clinical presentation and management options for this rare tumour.
Methods: PubMed database was searched to identify articles presenting with fibrous histiocytoma of conjunctiva, cornea and limbus. Data was tabulated for age of presentation, sex, eye involved, area of involvement, if tumor was benign or malignant, management and recurrences.
Results: Total of 35 articles were selected, which included 42 cases, of which 27 were benign and 15 malignant. 25 cases showed presence of limbal FH, 12 conjunctival, 4 caruncular and 1 corneal FH. Mean age of presentation was 30.9 years with male preponderance (females-10, males-17) in benign FH while malignant FH presented with mean age of 44.5 years and sex distribution of 7 females and 8 males. 4 cases of benign FH showed recurrence, which required re-excision and immunotherapy, while recurrence in malignant FH was 60%, where 4 needed exenteration, 3 enucleation and 1 expired due to metastasis.
Conclusion: FH is one of the rare ocular tumours of eye presenting usually at the limbus and conjunctiva and rarely cornea. Histopathological examination along with immunostaining has a definite role in the diagnosis. Surgical excision with tumour free margins is the corner stone of treatment. Recurrences in benign varieties need re-excision or immunotherapy, while malignant cases need aggressive surgical options like exenteration or enucleation.
We have outlined the approach of visualizing autophagy specifically in the epithelial follicle stem cells of the Drosophila ovary using the LysoTracker dye. The advantage of using this protocol is ...that it details several techniques, including ovary dissection, immunofluorescence, and western blotting, that positively identify autophagy changes in a very small population of cells. One of the limitations of this protocol is that it needs to be combined with other genetic manipulations and positive markers of the autophagy pathway.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Singh et al., (2018).
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•Protocol to monitor autophagy in the FSCs of the fly ovary using the LysoTracker dye•Protocol provides details on imaging the fly germarium using a confocal microscope•Features western blotting for the fly ovary and reiterates LysoTracker assay results•Protocol is applicable to diverse cells, tissues, and model systems
We have outlined the approach of visualizing autophagy specifically in the epithelial follicle stem cells of the Drosophila ovary using the LysoTracker dye. The advantage of using this protocol is that it details several techniques, including ovary dissection, immunofluorescence, and western blotting, which positively identify autophagy changes in a very small population of cells. One of the limitations of this protocol is that it needs to be combined with other genetic manipulations and positive markers of the autophagy pathway.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Anemia in adolescent girls has far reaching implications, as they may grow anemic with probable complications during pregnancy and child birth. Several investigators have reported rise in mortality ...in the women of reproductive age due to anemia. Food based approach against anemia has been now gaining popularity over the world. Pearl millet being the staple food of Rajasthan with potentially better amount of dietary iron is therefore explored for improving the hemoglobin Hb status of adolescent girls. The present study aim to develop and standardize pearl millet based iron rich ladoo, to assess the impact of pearl millet based iron rich product on anemic subjects in comparison to Iron Folic Acid IFA tablets. A randomized clinical trial was undertaken in which three groups viz. A, B and C were selected wherein group A received iron rich ladoo (15mg) along with lemon water; group B received IFA tablets providing 60 mg of elemental iron and group C remained as the control group. Results: Intervention program showed significant rise in mean Hb levels by 2.24g/dl, 2.28 g/dl and 0.54 g/dl for Group A, B and C respectively. Conclusion: Food based approach using pearl millet ladoo may be effectively used for improving the Hb status of adolescent girls at par with elemental iron supplementation.
MANET is the self-configuring type of network in which the mobile nodes can leave or join the network when they want. MANET is decentralized type of network, no central controller is present. Due to ...their unique features mobile ad hoc networks can be deployed anywhere round the clock. This posed the remedial venture to large number of attacks like replay attack, fabrication, eavesdropping etc Kaman provides secure solution to the problem of secure channel establishment, secure exchange of session keys and prevention of nodes identity forgery. In this paper, we reviewed the Kaman; Kerberos assisted Authentication in Mobile Ad hoc Network and added the concept of timers in KAMAN to solve the problem of black hole attack that aroused when Kaman protocol is embedded into large network AODV, on-demand routing protocol had been used to select secure shortest path between the nodes.
Within the last couple of years a comparatively large amount of clustering routing protocols have already been developed for WSNs. This paper is an effort to comprehensively review and critically ...discuss the absolute most prominent clustering routing algorithms which have been developed for WSNs. The goals with this survey are to produce a large audience conscious of the existence and of the usually good performance of numerous clustering routing protocols in WSNs. From the survey, it has been discovered that none of technique performs effectively in most fields. Therefore the paper ends with the future scope to overcome these issues.
The distinctive characteristics of WSN such as for instance coherent nature of traffic to base station that happens through its many-to-one topology and collision in physical channel are main factors ...behind congestion in wireless sensor networks. Also when sensor nodes inject sensory data into network the congestion is possible. Congestion affects the continuous flow of data, loss of information, delay in the arrival of data to the destination and undesirable usage of large amount of energy in the nodes. Therefore Congestion in wireless sensor networks (WSN) must be controlled to be able to prolong system lifetime, improve fairness, high energy-efficiency, and improve quality of service (QoS). In this paper, main focus is on improving the PASCCC further by utilizing token bucket algorithm in place of priority queues. This work in addition has dedicated to the inter cluster data aggregation to boost the outcome further. The objective is to stop congestion utilizing the token bucket algorithm.
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