Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by the overexpression of type I IFN stimulated genes, and accumulating evidence indicate a role for type I IFNs in these diseases. However, the ...underlying mechanisms for this are still poorly understood. To explore the role of type I IFN regulated miRNAs in systemic autoimmune disease, we characterized cellular expression of miRNAs during both acute and chronic type I IFN responses. We identified a T cell‐specific reduction of miR‐31‐5p levels, both after intramuscular injection of IFNβ and in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SjS). To interrogate the role of miR‐31‐51p in T cells we transfected human CD4+ T cells with a miR‐31‐5p inhibitor and performed metabolic measurements. This identified an increase in basal levels of glucose metabolism after inhibition of miR‐31‐5p. Furthermore, treatment with IFN‐α also increased the basal levels of human CD4+ T‐cell metabolism. In all, our results suggest that reduced levels of miR‐31‐5p in T cells of SjS patients support autoimmune T‐cell responses during chronic type I IFN exposure.
Quiescent and naive T cells depend on oxidative phosphorylation but switch to glycolysis during their effector stage. We identified miR‐31‐5p as a type I IFN‐suppressed miRNA that negatively regulates glycolysis in human CD4+ T cells. This suggests that miR‐31‐5p regulates T‐cell metabolism in autoimmune diseases with type I IFN signatures.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background:
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a non-redundant cytokine for T-cell development and survival. The IL-7 signaling pathway has been genetically and functionally associated with several autoimmune ...diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS).
Objective:
The objective of this paper is to elucidate the effect of the widely used immunomodulatory MS therapy interferon beta (IFNβ) on IL-7 homeostasis.
Methods:
Swedish MS patients were screened for IL-7 concentration in serum and blood cell counts. IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Rα) expression was determined by semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry.
Results:
IFNβ treatment led to significantly increased serum IL-7 levels (mean: 17 pg/ml) compared with healthy controls (mean: 7.6 pg/ml) and natalizumab-treated patients (mean: 5.3 pg/ml). In vitro and in vivo, peripheral blood leukocytes showed decreased IL-7Rα expression and IL-7 consumption upon IFNβ exposure, suggesting that their IL-7 responsiveness is impaired during treatment.
Conclusions:
MS patients undergoing IFNβ treatment have increased serum IL-7 levels and decreased IL-7 consumption. Given IL-7’s important role in T-cell immunity, this relationship may be highly relevant for IFNβ’s treatment efficacy.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by the overexpression of type I IFN stimulated genes, and accumulating evidence indicate a role for type I IFNs in these diseases. However, the ...underlying mechanisms for this are still poorly understood. To explore the role of type I IFN regulated miRNAs in systemic autoimmune disease, we characterized cellular expression of miRNAs during both acute and chronic type I IFN responses. We identified a Tcell-specific reduction of miR-31-5p levels, both after intramuscular injection of IFN and in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SjS). To interrogate the role of miR-31-51p in Tcells we transfected human CD4(+) Tcells with a miR-31-5p inhibitor and performed metabolic measurements. This identified an increase in basal levels of glucose metabolism after inhibition of miR-31-5p. Furthermore, treatment with IFN- also increased the basal levels of human CD4(+) T-cell metabolism. In all, our results suggest that reduced levels of miR-31-5p in Tcells of SjS patients support autoimmune T-cell responses during chronic type I IFN exposure.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This article is registered with the research line "University, State and Society," developed in the School of Humanities and Education, Department of Education at the Central University of Venezuela ...(Universidad Central de Venezuela). Starting from historical antecedents, public policies are described that are explicit, designed, driven and executed by the governing organisms at this educational level, from the year 2000 until 2010, as well as their most notable results and the commitments pending to achieve the transformation of university institutions in accord with those that, in democracy, are constructed inside the country. It also seeks to respond to challenges derived from new ways of creating, organizing, communicating and applying knowledge and knowings; to the demands from a complex, uncertain world that requires approaches and cognitive procedures able to overcome the limitations of the scientific disciplines with their enclosed fields, today overcome by practices of cooperation and multiple concepts, such as interdisciplinary collaborations and multidisciplinary perceptions, and that continue to be insufficient when faced with the need to break through epistemic borders, make use of diverse cognitive contents and multiple methods and methodologies. It deals with transformations in how those who have the responsibility to train new generations think and act. Adapted from the source document.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
16.
Induction of labor in women with a uterine scar Stenson, David; Wallstrom, Tove; Sjostrand, Maria ...
The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine,
10/2016, Volume:
29, Issue:
20
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of uterine rupture following induction of labor in women with a previous cesarean section. Misoprostol was compared to other methods of induction.
Methods: A ...retrospective cohort study of 208 women attempting induction of labor after one previous cesarean section. Delivery data were collected retrospectively and compared. Group 1(2009-2010) was compared with Group 2 (2012-2013). In Group 1, the main method of induction was vaginal PGE
2
(prostaglandin-E
2
), amniotomy, oxytocin or a balloon catheter. In Group 2, the dominant method of induction was an oral solution of misoprostol. Main outcome measures: frequency of uterine rupture in the two groups.
Results: Nine cases (4.3%) of uterine rupture occurred. There was no significant difference in the frequency of uterine rupture following the change of method of induction from PGE
2
, amniotomy, oxytocin or mechanical dilatation with a balloon catheter to orally administered misoprostol (4.1 versus 4.6%, p = 0.9). All ruptures occurred in women with no prior vaginal delivery.
Conclusion: The shift to oral misoprostol as the primary method of induction in women with a previous cesarean section did not increase the frequency of uterine rupture in the cohort studied.
In this essay I aim to examine how the landscape of Mönsterås might have looked like during the Bronze age in order to get a better understanding of the house urn that C J Ekerot found in a cairn in ...Fälle. Mönsterås is an area which has a quality of permanence, from Stone Age to Iron Age with its culmination during the Bronze Age. I will discuss the use and symbolic meaning of the house urn. The house as a symbol during the Bronze Age seemed to have had an important place in the cosmology. I will also discuss the importance of cairns, especially in the archipelago areas. The cairns have had an obvious connection to the sea throughout the Bronze age and scientist have argued that one of the reason could be that the sea was associated with the dead.
För att prissätta optioner är val av modell en viktig fråga. I denna kandidatuppsats beskrivs både Black & Scholes modell och SABR-modellen. Förstnämnda modell är enklare än SABR-modellen men bygger ...på antaganden som inte stämmer överens med verkligheten. Den ger heller inte någon explicit formel för den implicita volatiliteten och predikterar inte heller på ett korrekt sätt fenomenet volatility smile vilket observeras på marknaden. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utvärdera prestandan hos SABR-modellen och användarvänligheten, samt att undersöka lite av teorin bakom modellen och vissa av dess egenskaper. Till grund för beräkningarna ligger datamaterial hämtat från Nasdaq OMX Nordic. Enligt mina beräkningar är resultatet att SABR-modellen endast presterar marginellt bättre än Black & Scholes-modellen. Dock kan även små förbättringar spela stor roll i dessa sammanhang.
The construction industry is one of theindustrieswithmostinjuredinSweden. There is reason to believe that there are deficienciesinhow the work environment iscommunicatedbetweendifferent parties. ...Interest in theworkenvironment has increasedin recent years,whichmakes problems and shortcomingsin this subject highlighted to a greater extent. There are severalways to workwithwork related health on the building sites. The Work Environment Plan isa tool that earlyin the planning of the project call attention to the risks and as far as possible prevents them. The purpose of this report is to improve how the workenvironmentreaches the production and how it is applied in everyday work. To reach this purpose, a goal for the report hasbeen established. The goal is to identifydeficienciesandsuggest actions forhow communication can be improved tothe work environmentmanagementand how it reaches the production ina more satisfactory way. The goal isanswered by three questions adapted to the subject. In order to retrieve the data needed to meet the purpose, eightinterviews at two companies in the area of Jönköping whereconducted.A study inliterature and analysis of documents on the topic wereusedfor this purpose. The interviews carried through presented an up-to-date picture of how the work environment is communicated in the construction industry in the current situation, and in particular in how the message of the work environment plan is communicated. The interviewsindicate that the builders believe that the working plan contains toomany papers and that it serve no directfunctionin their dailywork.Italso appears that the experience isnot being utilizedsufficiently and that carelessnesswith the use of safety equipmentoccurs. The proposed improvements, which has been discussedis to introduceeducation on the topic work environment. This to increase understanding of and commit- ment to thework environment. Even suggestions on makingchanges in the work environment plan arrangements has been discussedandwellreceivedby those interviewed. Examples of these changes are to divide the working plan into smaller parts that are relevantfor the occasion, and hangup those partsin the shed.
Byggbranschen är en av de mest skadedrabbade industriernaiSverige.Detfinns anledning atttroattdet finns brister i hur arbetsmiljöarbetet kommunicerasmellan olika parter. Intresset för arbetsmiljöarbete har ökat desenaste åren, vilket gör att problem och brister på området belyses i större utsträckning. Det finns flerasättatt arbeta med arbetsmiljön på byggarbetsplatser. Arbetsmiljöplanen är ett verktygförattredani projekteringen uppmärksamma risker och så långtsommöjligt förebygga dem. Syftet med arbetet var attförbättra sättet hur arbetsmiljöarbetetnår ut till produktionen och hur det tillämpas idetvardagliga arbetet. Föratt nå syftet utarbetades ettmål. Målet var attidentifiera brister och ge förslag på åtgärder för hur kommunikationen kunde förbättras föratt arbetsmiljöarbetet skullenå ut till produktionen på ett mer tillfredställande sätt. Målet besvarades med hjälp av tre frågeställningar på ämnet. För attsamlaindetmaterialsom behövdes för att uppfylla syftetgenomfördes åtta intervjuer på två företag i Jönköpingsområdet. Även litteraturstudie och dokumentanalys användes fördettaändamål. De intervjuersomgenomfördes gav en aktuell bild av hur arbetsmiljöarbetet förmedlasi byggbranschen i dagsläget, och i synnerhet hur arbetsmiljöplanens budskap kommuniceras. Av intervjuerna framgick att byggnadsarbetarna tyckte att arbetsmiljöplanen innehåller för många papper och att den inte fyller någon direkt funktion iderasdagliga arbete. Detframgick också att erfarenheter inte tas till vara i tillräckligt stor utsträckning ochatt slarv med användandet av säkerhets- utrustning förekommer. De förslag på förbättringarsomhardiskuterats var att införa utbildning på ämnet arbetsmiljö. Detta för att öka förståelsen och engagemanget för arbetet med arbetsmiljö. Förslag på att göra förändringar i arbetsmiljöplanens upplägg har diskuterats och mottogs positivt av deintervjuade. Exempel på dessa förändringar var att delaupp arbetsmiljöplanen imindredelar som var aktuellaför tillfället, och hänga uppdeaktuelladelarnai boden.
One of the major problem faced by banks is how to manage the risk exposure in large portfolios. According to Basel II regulation banks has to measure the risk using Value-at-Risk with confidence ...level 99%. However, this regulation does not specify the way to calculate Valueat- Risk. The easiest way to calculate Value-at-Risk is to assume that portfolio returns are normally distributed. Altough, this is the most common way to calculate Value-at-Risk, there exists also other methods. The previous crisis shows that the regular methods are unfortunately not always enough to prevent bankruptcy. This paper is devoted to compare the classical methods of estimating risk with other methods such as Cornish-Fisher Expansion (CFVaR) and assuming generalized hyperbolic distribution. To be able to do this study, we estimate the risk in a large portfolio consisting of ten stocks. These stocks are chosen from the NASDAQ 100-list in order to have highly liquid stocks (bluechips). The stocks are chosen from different sectors to make the portfolio welldiversified. To investigate the impact of dependence between the stocks in the portfolio we remove the two most correlated stocks and consider the resulting eight stock portfolio as well. In both portfolios we put equal weight to the included stocks. The results show that for a well-diversified large portfolio none of the risk measures are violated. However, for a portfolio consisting of only one highly volatile stock we prove that we have a violation in the classical methods but not when we use the modern methods mentioned above.
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