Respiratory disease is a growing health care crisis, and as a result, so is the requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV). Mechanical ventilation settings are historically determined by clinical ...judgement. However, the use of respiratory modelling has the potential to better determine and improve patient-specific settings. Respiratory model validation requires the use of invasive methods and/or testing on vulnerable unhealthy people. Simulating respiratory disease non-invasively in healthy people would reduce the need to use these methods. This paper presents simulation of obstructive lung disease using a novel, modular device comprising a low resistance elastic chamber and high resistance outlet to generate the nonlinear volume dependent resistance (in expiration), which characterises this disease. The results show non-linear MNR values of 25.9, 23.2, and 23.8 with increasing overall tidal volume. Simulated PQ lobes measured in healthy volunteers also resembled the non-linear, expiratory volume dependent resistance measured in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) patients, and which is the primary characteristic of COPD.
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Model based total stressed blood volume (SBVT) has been shown to be a potential index of fluid responsiveness. However, current models rely on the availability of highly invasive and uncommon ...measurements to derive model parameters. In this work, a simple method for obtaining the necessary model parameters from currently available intensive care unit (ICU) measurements is established. The model is tested on three (3) porcine subjects administered a typical 500ml saline bolus fluid therapy and then subjected to endotoxin induced sepsis to provide a range of hemodynamic states. When compared to stressed blood volume derived from a model utilising direct measurements mean percentage error was 10.3% over a total of 716 beats. This work also examined the hypothesis a stressed blood volume below a clinically specified threshold of 145ml would yield a positive response. Increases of 37.9%, 44.7% and 22.6%, with baseline levels of 180, 120 and 75ml, were seen for pigs 1, 2 and 3, respectively. This research demonstrates the clinical validity of this model based SBVt measure, bringing it closer to clinical feasibility.
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Large Language Models (LLMs) have an unrivaled and invaluable ability to "align" their output to a diverse range of human preferences, by mirroring them in the text they generate. The internal ...characteristics of such models, however, remain largely opaque. This work presents the Injectable Realignment Model (IRM) as a novel approach to language model interpretability and explainability. Inspired by earlier work on Neural Programming Interfaces, we construct and train a small network -- the IRM -- to induce emotion-based alignments within a 7B parameter LLM architecture. The IRM outputs are injected via layerwise addition at various points during the LLM's forward pass, thus modulating its behavior without changing the weights of the original model. This isolates the alignment behavior from the complex mechanisms of the transformer model. Analysis of the trained IRM's outputs reveals a curious pattern. Across more than 24 training runs and multiple alignment datasets, patterns of IRM activations align themselves in striations associated with a neuron's index within each transformer layer, rather than being associated with the layers themselves. Further, a single neuron index (1512) is strongly correlated with all tested alignments. This result, although initially counterintuitive, is directly attributable to design choices present within almost all commercially available transformer architectures, and highlights a potential weak point in Meta's pretrained Llama 2 models. It also demonstrates the value of the IRM architecture for language model analysis and interpretability. Our code and datasets are available at https://github.com/DRAGNLabs/injectable-alignment-model
Legged robots are physically capable of traversing a wide range of challenging environments, but designing controllers that are sufficiently robust to handle this diversity has been a long-standing ...challenge in robotics. Reinforcement learning presents an appealing approach for automating the controller design process and has been able to produce remarkably robust controllers when trained in a suitable range of environments. However, it is difficult to predict all likely conditions the robot will encounter during deployment and enumerate them at training-time. What if instead of training controllers that are robust enough to handle any eventuality, we enable the robot to continually learn in any setting it finds itself in? This kind of real-world reinforcement learning poses a number of challenges, including efficiency, safety, and autonomy. To address these challenges, we propose a practical robot reinforcement learning system for fine-tuning locomotion policies in the real world. We demonstrate that a modest amount of real-world training can substantially improve performance during deployment, and this enables a real A1 quadrupedal robot to autonomously fine-tune multiple locomotion skills in a range of environments, including an outdoor lawn and a variety of indoor terrains.
A1. Infant feeding and poverty: a public health perspective in a global context
Lisa H. Amir
A2. Mothers’ experiences with galactagogues for lactation: an exploratory cross sectional study
Alessandra ...Bazzano, Shelley Thibeau, Katherine P. Theall
A3. The motherhood journey and breastfeeding: from self-efficacy to resilience and social stigma
Anna Blair, Karin Cadwell
A4. Breastfeeding as an evolutionary adaptive behavior
Emily A. Bronson
A5. Conflict-of-interest in public health policy: as real as that logo on your website
Elizabeth C. Brooks
A6. Co-opting sisterhood and motherhood: behind the scenes of Similac’s aggressive social media campaigns
Jodine Chase
A7. The exclusion of women from the definition of exclusive breastfeeding
Ellen Chetwynd, Rebecca Costello, Kathryn Wouk
A8. Healthy maternity policies in the workplace: a state health department’s experience with the “Bring Your Infant to Work” program
Lindsey Dermid-Gray
A9. Implications for a paradigm shift: factors related to breastfeeding among African American women
Stephanie Devane-Johnson, Cheryl Woods Giscombe, Miriam Labbok
A10. Social experiences of breastfeeding: building bridges between research and policy: an ESRC-funded seminar series in the UK
Sally Dowling
A11. Manager’s perspectives of lactation breaks
Melanie Fraser
A12. The challenging second night: a dialogue from two perspectives
Jane Grassley, Deborah McCarter-Spaulding, Becky Spencer
A13. The role of lactation consultants in two council breastfeeding services in Melbourne, Australia – some preliminary impressions
Jennifer Hocking, Pranee Liamputtong
A14. Integrating social marketing and community engagement concepts in community breastfeeding programs
Sheree H. Keitt, Harumi Reis-Reilly
A15. What happens before and after the maternity stay? Creating a community-wide Ten Steps approach
Miriam Labbok
A16. #RVABREASTFEEDS: cultivating a breastfeeding-friendly community
Leslie Lytle
A17. Public health vs. free trade: a longitudinal analysis of a global policy to protect breastfeeding
Mary Ann Merz
A18. Legislative advocacy and grassroots organizing for improved breastfeeding laws in Virginia
Kate Noon
A19. Breastfeeding and the rights of incarcerated women
Krista M Olson
A20. Barriers and support for Puerto Rican breastfeeding working mothers
Ana M. Parrilla-Rodríguez, José J. Gorrín-Peralta Melissa Pellicier, Zeleida M. Vázquez-Rivera
A21. Pumping at work: a daily struggle for Puerto Rican breastfeeding mothers in spite of the law
Melissa Pellicier
A22. “I saw a wrong and I wanted to stand up for what I thought was right:” a narrative study on becoming a breastfeeding activist
Jennifer L. Pemberton
A23. Peer breastfeeding support: advocacy and action
Catherine McEvilly Pestl
A24. Good intentions: a study of breastfeeding intention and postpartum realities among first-time Central Brooklyn mothers
Jennifer Pierre, Philip Noyes, Khushbu Srivastava, Sharon Marshall-Taylor
A25. Women describing the infant feeding choice: the impact of the WIC breastfeeding classes on infant feeding practices in Ionia, Michigan
Jennifer Proto, Sarah Hyland Laurie Brinks
A26. Local and state programs and national partnership to reduce disparities through community breastfeeding support
Harumi Reis-Reilly, Martelle Esposito, Megan Phillippi
A27. Beyond black breastfeeding week: instagram image content analysis for #blackwomendobreastfeed/#bwdbf
Cynthia L. Sears, Delores James, Cedric Harville, Kristina Carswell
A28. Stakeholder views of breastfeeding education in the K-12 environment: a review of the literature
Nicola Singletary, L. Suzanne Goodell, April Fogleman
A29. “The Breastfeeding Transition”: a framework for explaining changes in global breastfeeding rates as related to large-scale forces shaping the status of women
Paige Hall Smith
A30. Breastfeeding, contraception, and ethics, oh my! Advocacy and informed decision-making in the post-partum period
Alison M. Stuebe, Amy G. Bryant, Anne Drapkin Lyerly
A31. A hard day’s night: juggling nighttime breastfeeding, sleep, and work
Cecilia Tomori
A32. Empowering change in Indian country through breastfeeding education
Amanda L. Watkins, Joan E. Dodgson
A33. Servants and “Little Mothers” take charge: work, class, and breastfeeding rates in the early 20
th
-century U.S.
Jacqueline H. Wolf
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Table of contents A1. Infant feeding and poverty: a public health perspective in a global context Lisa H. Amir A2. Mothers’ experiences with galactagogues for lactation: an exploratory cross ...sectional study Alessandra Bazzano, Shelley Thibeau, Katherine P. Theall A3. The motherhood journey and breastfeeding: from self-efficacy to resilience and social stigma Anna Blair, Karin Cadwell A4. Breastfeeding as an evolutionary adaptive behavior Emily A. Bronson A5. Conflict-of-interest in public health policy: as real as that logo on your website Elizabeth C. Brooks A6. Co-opting sisterhood and motherhood: behind the scenes of Similac’s aggressive social media campaigns Jodine Chase A7. The exclusion of women from the definition of exclusive breastfeeding Ellen Chetwynd, Rebecca Costello, Kathryn Wouk A8. Healthy maternity policies in the workplace: a state health department’s experience with the “Bring Your Infant to Work” program Lindsey Dermid-Gray A9. Implications for a paradigm shift: factors related to breastfeeding among African American women Stephanie Devane-Johnson, Cheryl Woods Giscombe, Miriam Labbok A10. Social experiences of breastfeeding: building bridges between research and policy: an ESRC-funded seminar series in the UK Sally Dowling A11. Manager’s perspectives of lactation breaks Melanie Fraser A12. The challenging second night: a dialogue from two perspectives Jane Grassley, Deborah McCarter-Spaulding, Becky Spencer A13. The role of lactation consultants in two council breastfeeding services in Melbourne, Australia – some preliminary impressions Jennifer Hocking, Pranee Liamputtong A14. Integrating social marketing and community engagement concepts in community breastfeeding programs Sheree H. Keitt, Harumi Reis-Reilly A15. What happens before and after the maternity stay? Creating a community-wide Ten Steps approach Miriam Labbok A16. #RVABREASTFEEDS: cultivating a breastfeeding-friendly community Leslie Lytle A17. Public health vs. free trade: a longitudinal analysis of a global policy to protect breastfeeding Mary Ann Merz A18. Legislative advocacy and grassroots organizing for improved breastfeeding laws in Virginia Kate Noon A19. Breastfeeding and the rights of incarcerated women Krista M Olson A20. Barriers and support for Puerto Rican breastfeeding working mothers Ana M. Parrilla-Rodríguez, José J. Gorrín-Peralta Melissa Pellicier, Zeleida M. Vázquez-Rivera A21. Pumping at work: a daily struggle for Puerto Rican breastfeeding mothers in spite of the law Melissa Pellicier A22. “I saw a wrong and I wanted to stand up for what I thought was right:” a narrative study on becoming a breastfeeding activist Jennifer L. Pemberton A23. Peer breastfeeding support: advocacy and action Catherine McEvilly Pestl A24. Good intentions: a study of breastfeeding intention and postpartum realities among first-time Central Brooklyn mothers Jennifer Pierre, Philip Noyes, Khushbu Srivastava, Sharon Marshall-Taylor A25. Women describing the infant feeding choice: the impact of the WIC breastfeeding classes on infant feeding practices in Ionia, Michigan Jennifer Proto, Sarah Hyland Laurie Brinks A26. Local and state programs and national partnership to reduce disparities through community breastfeeding support Harumi Reis-Reilly, Martelle Esposito, Megan Phillippi A27. Beyond black breastfeeding week: instagram image content analysis for #blackwomendobreastfeed/#bwdbf Cynthia L. Sears, Delores James, Cedric Harville, Kristina Carswell A28. Stakeholder views of breastfeeding education in the K-12 environment: a review of the literature Nicola Singletary, L. Suzanne Goodell, April Fogleman A29. “The Breastfeeding Transition”: a framework for explaining changes in global breastfeeding rates as related to large-scale forces shaping the status of women Paige Hall Smith A30. Breastfeeding, contraception, and ethics, oh my! Advocacy and informed decision-making in the post-partum period Alison M. Stuebe, Amy G. Bryant, Anne Drapkin Lyerly A31. A hard day’s night: juggling nighttime breastfeeding, sleep, and work Cecilia Tomori A32. Empowering change in Indian country through breastfeeding education Amanda L. Watkins, Joan E. Dodgson A33. Servants and “Little Mothers” take charge: work, class, and breastfeeding rates in the early 20th-century U.S. Jacqueline H. Wolf
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WHEN Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990, international trade sanctions were rapidly instituted against Iraq. On January 16, 1991, the war to liberate Kuwait began, and within six weeks Allied forces ...declared a cease-fire. Civilian revolts against the Iraqi government in March and April resulted in the displacement of an estimated 2 million people in the northern (Kurdish) and southern (Shiite) regions of Iraq.
Little objective information is available about the effect of the economic sanctions, war, and civilian uprisings on the health of civilians. An international team that visited Iraq in April 1991 reported epidemics of cholera, typhoid, and . . .
Neonatal mechanical ventilation (MV) is complex and its efficiency is limited due to leakage of air around the endotracheal tube (ETT). Adult ETT cuffs cannot be used in neonatal patients to block ...reverse flow as they cause damage to delicate throat tissues. A novel design and testing method for a non-contact neonatal ETT cuff was developed and validated. The goal was to minimise cuff surface area and contact, while creating resistance to airflow using turbulence to reduce ventilator leakage and increase efficacy of treatment for neonatal patients. Several cuff designs were generated based on testing results. Cuffs were tested using flow visualisation methods to assess leak performance in a fluid dynamically scaled experimental test setup. Final cuff designs utilised successful elements from several cuff design iterations. Overall, leakage was reduced by an average of 77.8% from an uncuffed baseline. By increasing the efficacy of healthcare solutions for neonatal patients it is hoped the burden on New Zealand's NICUs will be reduced, and quality of care increased to improve overall patient outcomes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
499.
Skin Tone Bias in Crowdfunded Microlending Anglin, Aaron; Allison, Thomas Houston; Davis, Blakley Chase ...
Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,
08/2022, Volume:
2022, Issue:
1
Conference Proceeding
To conduct a pilot trial of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of floxuridine (FUDR), leucovorin, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and cisplatin (FLAP) in nonresectable ...hepatocellular cancer (HCC) confined to the liver and assess the effects of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral markers on toxicity, response to treatment, and patient survival.
Of 31 HCC patients, 13 were HBV- and HCV-nonreactive, and 18 had evidence of either current or prior HBV and/or HCV infection. Treatment was delivered through percutaneous hepatic arterial catheters, and Infusaid pumps (Shiley Infusaid, Norwood, MA) were placed in responding patients. Cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (30 to 35 mg/m2) were administered on day 1, followed by a continuous 24-hour HAI of an admixture of floxuridine (60 mg/m2) and leucovorin (15 mg/m2) daily for 4 days. Treatment was repeated every 5 weeks.
Twelve (41%) of 29 assessable patients had a partial response (PR), with a median time to disease progression of 13 months. Six (50%) of 12 HBV-negative (HBV-)/HCV-negative (HCV-) and six of 17 (35%) HBV-positive (HCV+) and/or HCV-positive (HCV+) patients achieved a PR. Eight patients have been maintained in remission for a median duration greater than 15.5 months. The median survival duration of all 31 patients was 15 months, 7.5 months among HBV+ and/or HCV+ patients, and significantly longer among hepatitis-non-reactive patients (P = .007). (A median has not yet been reached.) Granulocylopenia (< 0.1 x 10(3)/microL), thrombocytopenia (< 25 x 10(3)/microL), and hospitalizations for infectious complications were significantly more common among HBV-HCV-reactive than -nonreactive patients: 56%, 50%, and 67% versus 15%, 15%, and 8%, respectively (P < .05 for all).
HAI of FLAP has induced long-term PR and has palliated extensive nonresectable HCC. Positive hepatitis serology appeared to increase bone marrow susceptibility to myelotoxic drugs. Conceivably, one or both viruses may have a direct inhibitory effect on bone marrow progenitors and thereby contribute to the observed myelotoxicity.
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