This paper proposes a methodology for using mobile telephone-based sensor data for detecting spatial and temporal differences in everyday activities in cities. Mobile telephone-based sensor data has ...great applicability in developing urban monitoring tools and smart city solutions. The paper outlines methods for delineating indicator points of temporal events referenced as 'midnight', 'morning start', 'midday', and 'duration of day', which represent the mobile telephone usage of residents (what we call social time) rather than solar or standard time. Density maps by time quartiles were also utilized to test the versatility of this methodology and to analyze the spatial differences in cities. The methodology was tested with data from cities of Harbin (China), Paris (France), and Tallinn (Estonia). Results show that the developed methods have potential for measuring the distribution of temporal activities in cities and monitoring urban changes with georeferenced mobile phone data.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The appearance of large geolocated communication datasets has recently increased our understanding of how social networks relate to their physical space. However, many recurrently reported ...properties, such as the spatial clustering of network communities, have not yet been systematically tested at different scales. In this work we analyze the social network structure of over 25 million phone users from three countries at three different scales: country, provinces and cities. We consistently find that this last urban scenario presents significant differences to common knowledge about social networks. First, the emergence of a giant component in the network seems to be controlled by whether or not the network spans over the entire urban border, almost independently of the population or geographic extension of the city. Second, urban communities are much less geographically clustered than expected. These two findings shed new light on the widely-studied searchability in self-organized networks. By exhaustive simulation of decentralized search strategies we conclude that urban networks are searchable not through geographical proximity as their country-wide counterparts, but through an homophily-driven community structure.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The elliptic model for communication fluxes Herrera-Yagüe, C; Schneider, C M; Smoreda, Z ...
Journal of statistical mechanics,
04/2014, Volume:
2014, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In this paper, a model (called the elliptic model) is proposed to estimate the number of social ties between two locations using population data in a similar manner to how transportation research ...deals with trips. To overcome the asymmetry of transportation models, the new model considers that the number of relationships between two locations is inversely proportional to the population in the ellipse whose foci are in these two locations. The elliptic model is evaluated by considering the anonymous communications patterns of 25 million users from three different countries, where a location has been assigned to each user based on their most used phone tower or billing zip code. With this information, spatial social networks are built at three levels of resolution: tower, city and region for each of the three countries. The elliptic model achieves a similar performance when predicting communication fluxes as transportation models do when predicting trips. This shows that human relationships are influenced at least as much by geography as is human mobility.
•Mobile phone billing data is used to estimate a lower on long-distance travel demand.•This lower bound is compared to a national travel survey covering the same scope.•Results indicate that survey ...respondents underreport the number of tours by factor 2.
Analyzing long-distance travel demand has become increasingly relevant because the share of traffic induced by journeys related to remote activities which are not part of daily life is growing. In today’s mobile world, such journeys are responsible for almost 50 percent of all traffic. Traditionally, surveys have been used to gather data needed to analyze travel demand. Due to the high response burden and memory issues, respondents are known to underreport their number of long-distance journeys. The question of the actual number of long-distance journeys therefore remains unanswered without additional data sources. This paper is the first to quantify the underreporting of long-distance tour frequencies in travel diaries. We took a sample of mobile phone billing data covering five months and compared the observed long-distance travel with the results of a national travel survey covering the same period and the same country. The comparison shows that most of the estimates of the number of missing tours by researchers have thus been too low. Our work suggests that the actual number of long-distance journeys is twice as high as that reported in surveys. Two different causes of underreporting were identified. Firstly, soft refusers travelled long distances but reported no long-distance tours. Secondly, respondents underestimated their number of long-distance tours. Consequently, there is a need to use alternative data sources in order to gain better estimates of long-distance travel demand.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Réseaux et les mutations de la sociabilité Cardon, Dominique; Smoreda, Zbigniew
Réseaux (Centre national d'études des télécommunications (France)),
2014, Volume:
184-185, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Né sous les auspices du Centre National d’Études des Télécommunications (CNET), Réseaux a eu pour projet de rapprocher la recherche sur la communication médiatique et les échanges interpersonnels se ...déployant à partir des outils de télécommunication. Cette synthèse explore la production de la revue portant à la fois sur la question des échanges téléphoniques et sur les sociabilités numériques apparues avec les usages d’Internet comme plate-forme d’échange généralisé. L’article propose de suivre quatre fils au sein des publications de Réseaux . Les deux premiers, l’hypothèse « continuiste » et la question de l’entrelacement des médias témoignent du travail accompli par la revue pour introduire les questions de communication, jusqu’alors principalement pensées à travers les médias de masse, dans la sociologie de la vie quotidienne. Les deux suivants, la force des liens faibles et la fabrication des collectifs sur la base des interactions, montrent comment la question des sociabilités numériques s’est introduite dans les préoccupations de la revue pour donner jour aux nouveaux champs de recherche des digital studies .
This paper examines the relation between power attributed to members of heterosexual couples and the perception of their personalities in terms of gender stereotyped traits. Three-hundred and fifty ...adults, native French subjects (women and men) participated in the study. They attributed daily family tasks and decisions to the target persons; then, they described them on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. The results indicated strong correlations between observers' representations of power distribution in the couple and the gender related personality descriptions of the couple. The attribution of 'instrumental' traits increased (and 'expressive' traits decreased) according to the degree of power assigned to the target person of either sex. On the 'instrumentality' dimension, accentuation of perceptions of people in gender role inconsistent positions was also observed. The simultaneous influences of general gender stereotypes and specific relations between the gender roles in dyads on the perception of individuals are discussed. It is proposed that social relations of dominance provide a model for the construction of gender stereotypes and their contextual applications.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
7.
Introduction Smoreda, Z
Réseaux (Centre national d'études des télécommunications (France)),
01/2007, Volume:
25, Issue:
145-146
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The practices of communication, cultural consumption, and leisure have been much altered during the past decade's sudden diffusion of information and communication technologies. There has been a ...subsequent alteration in sociological research, which is tasked with the difficult prospect of constructing a coherent picture of the overwhelmingly disparate data. In this issue of Reseaux, the contributors have presented a range of research that is particularly sensitive to this diversification of media and its resultant expansion in communication and exchange practices. Adapted from the source document.
The breadcrumbs we leave behind when using our mobile phones—who somebody calls, for how long, and from where—contain unprecedented insights about us and our societies. Researchers have compared the ...recent availability of large-scale behavioral datasets, such as the ones generated by mobile phones, to the invention of the microscope, giving rise to the new field of computational social science.
The paper is based on a study on the uses of the telephone in 317 French homes. Detailed billing data over four months were collected and compared with interviews concerning each regular phone user ...in the household. We focus here on the correlation between the observed duration of phone calls and the gender of callers and receivers. The reasons why women telephone more are discussed and related to the gender homophily in telephone networks. Data also show that the duration of phone calls depends on the receiver's gender. We suggest that politeness rules may govern the telephone call, did we argue that these civility rules explain in part why the receiver's gender exerts the greatest effect on how the call is managed and on its overall duration. We propose to explore the hypothesis that telephone calls have an interactional format similar to that of a visit, but that status differences between caller and receiver may influence the unfolding of interactions between men and women through the caller's adjustment of his or her interaction style to the receiver's gender.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
10.
The Mobile World Cup De Bailliencourt, T; Smoreda, Z
Réseaux (Centre national d'études des télécommunications (France)),
01/2007, Volume:
25, Issue:
145-146
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Sport, which is now a recurrent and unavoidable news item, is at the heart of practices of ordinary sociability. With the World Cup Football 2006 as a starting point, the authors of this article ...discuss one of the components of that sociability, through mobile communication during the French team's matches. They analyze the structure of mobile interactions in relation to the course of matches. We see that there is a generic form of these communication practices, which can be affected by specific events relating to the singularity of matches. Adapted from the source document.
PDF
