Pursuit of the triple bottom line of economic, community and ecological sustainability has increased the complexity of fishery management; fisheries assessments require new types of data and analysis ...to guide science-based policy in addition to traditional biological information and modeling. We introduce the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs), a broadly applicable and flexible tool for assessing performance in individual fisheries, and for establishing cross-sectional links between enabling conditions, management strategies and triple bottom line outcomes. Conceptually separating measures of performance, the FPIs use 68 individual outcome metrics--coded on a 1 to 5 scale based on expert assessment to facilitate application to data poor fisheries and sectors--that can be partitioned into sector-based or triple-bottom-line sustainability-based interpretative indicators. Variation among outcomes is explained with 54 similarly structured metrics of inputs, management approaches and enabling conditions. Using 61 initial fishery case studies drawn from industrial and developing countries around the world, we demonstrate the inferential importance of tracking economic and community outcomes, in addition to resource status.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Fish aggregating devices (FADs) have over recent decades, become an integral tool in commercial tuna fisheries due to their increased efficiency over free school catches. Technological development ...has further aided in their increased usage and reliance by many fleets. The negative consequences of FADs include higher rates of non-target species such as juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas. Management of this negative consequence has to date been undertaken by spatial and/or temporal closures to fishing. These closures can result in an economic burden to fishermen via reduced catch rates, coastal states trying to sell access rights to fishing grounds at the same rate with no closure in place, and canneries through variability in supply and subsequent volatility in market prices. This paper examines the economic benefits of replacing closures with FAD set limits which place a hard limit on the total number of FAD sets that can be made in any given period. The analysis indicates that economic gains can be achieved at all levels of the supply chain from the fishing vessel through to the consumer.
•FAD closures cause an economic burden on all parts of the supply chain.•FAD set limits can achieve the same environmental outcome.•FAD set limits can reduce the economic burden across the supply chain.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper reports the results of a bioeconomic evaluation of alternative management strategies for the Georges Bank transboundary multispecies fishery. Because the distribution of the principal ...groundfish resources on Georges Bank involves substantial movement and migration across the USCanada boundary, the harvest by one country affects the benefits to the other country. An empirically based model of the transboundary multispecies fishery was built to simulate alternative management strategies imposed by each country. The simulations were used to help determine whether the status quo management is superior to any other strategy and, if not, what other strategies are better in terms of economic performance. Our aim is to determine whether there are combinations of US and Canadian harvest policies that would make both countries better off and whether a "winwin" strategy exists in the fishery. The results suggest that there are winwin strategies in terms of economic benefits, but such strategies may not be legally feasible under current fisheries law.
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Marine protected areas (MPAs) can serve as effective sites for sheltering targeted populations. Furthermore, populations can experience increased abundance and body size in such areas. In this study ...we compared the abundance and body sizes of commonly collected fish and invertebrate species inside three marine preserves established eight years prior to our survey (University of Washington marine research preserves), two newly established MPAs, and three unprotected sites in the San Juan Archipelago. To determine whether population abundance and individual size were greater in protected areas within each site, these two parameters were measured for the red urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus; Agasizz, 1865), sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus; Stimpson, 1857), scallops (Chlamys rubida; Hinds, 1845;Chlamys behringiana; Midendorff, 1849;Hinnites giganteus; Gray, 1825), copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus, Richardson, 1845), quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger, Jordan & Jilbert, 1880), China rockfish (Sebastes nebulosus; Ayres, 1854) and lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus; Girard, 1854). The newly established MPAs and unprotected sites showed similar levels of abundance and size frequency distributions for the target species. Differences in abundance and size of small red urchins, scallops, rockfishes, and lingcod were not found among the three categories of sites, which could be attributable to a lack of effective protection within the protected sites. The UW marine preserves exhibited greater abundance of medium and large sized red urchins, which is explained because these areas lie within an urchin fishery closure zone established in the late 1970s. Ordination techniques showed that fishing pressure was the main cause of the decreased target populations assemblages. This study suggests that marine preserves have been effective in enhancing the medium and large size classes of the red urchin populations.
In Manuscript I, I construct a stylized conceptual model to evaluate the international trade of the Atlantic groundfish fishery between the US and Canada. The model incorporates both the biological ...and economic components of the fishery, and explores the environmental, economic and some welfare implications through trade. First I explore the consequence of each country imposing a different fishery management regime. Second, I incorporate the spatial dynamics of the stock into this framework. Third, I use the conceptual model to discover the effects this may have on international trade. And finally I include the spatial dynamics of the stock into the model of international trade. In Manuscript II, I investigate the prospects for cooperative management of the transboundary groundfish fishery of Georges Bank. I estimate the change in benefits to competing harvesters that results from adjusting current management policies, and examine the change in these benefits by using a stylized model that attempts to capture essential spatial aspects of the Georges Bank groundfish stock, as well as the particular management preferences of the competing harvesters, the US and Canada. The numerical simulations demonstrate that complementary management can enhance stock size, harvest and economic returns; and that there may be win-win solutions where both counties are better off. Manuscript III, presents an empirical model of Georges Bank transboundary groundfish fishery, and reports results of a dynamic bioeconomic simulation used to evaluate the consequences of alternative management strategies for the multispecies fishery. The biological component of the model describes the population and spatial dynamics of the principle groundfish stocks that reflect the seasonal migration of the transboundary stocks. The economic component incorporates the harvest strategies of the US otter trawl fleet and the Canadian longline and otter trawl fleets. For each management alternative evaluated, the model simulates the change in profits for both countries jointly, as well as each country individually. I evaluate alternative fisheries management strategies to determine whether the current management is superior to any other strategy and, if not, what other strategies are better in terms of economic performance.
In this chapter we develop a method to estimate the value of an ecosystem reserve for Atlantic herring in the U.S. Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem. Herring and other small pelagic species are ...important forage for other fish and marine mammals in the ecosystem. A reduction in the commercial total allowable catch (TAC) would create an ‘Ecosystem Reserve’ (ER) for herring, which may increase the residual stock of herring that would be available to other species in the ecosystem. An increase in ER (i.e. a reduction in TAC) may imply reduced benefits of commercial harvest, and, as an offset, we may realize added benefits for the ecosystem from the ER. Conversely, an increase in TAC may result in increased commercial benefits at the expense of reduced ecosystem benefits. The approximate magnitudes of these two changes—added and reduced benefits—are the focus of this chapter.
Health economic evaluations are comparative analyses of alternative courses of action in terms of their costs and consequences. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards ...(CHEERS) statement, published in 2013, was created to ensure health economic evaluations are identifiable, interpretable, and useful for decision making. It was intended as guidance to help authors report accurately which health interventions were being compared and in what context, how the evaluation was undertaken, what the findings were, and other details that may aid readers and reviewers in interpretation and use of the study. The new CHEERS 2022 statement replaces previous CHEERS reporting guidance. It reflects the need for guidance that can be more easily applied to all types of health economic evaluation, new methods and developments in the field, as well as the increased role of stakeholder involvement including patients and the public. It is also broadly applicable to any form of intervention intended to improve the health of individuals or the population, whether simple or complex, and without regard to context (such as health care, public health, education, social care, etc.). This summary article presents the new CHEERS 2022 28-item checklist and recommendations for each item. The CHEERS 2022 statement is primarily intended for researchers reporting economic evaluations for peer reviewed journals as well as the peer reviewers and editors assessing them for publication. However, we anticipate familiarity with reporting requirements will be useful for analysts when planning studies. It may also be useful for health technology assessment bodies seeking guidance on reporting, as there is an increasing emphasis on transparency in decision making.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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