As our nearest large neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy provides a unique laboratory for investigating galaxy formation and the distribution and substructure properties of dark matter in a Milky Way-like ...galaxy. Here, we propose an initial 2-epoch (\(\Delta t\approx 5\)yr), 2-band Roman survey of the entire halo of Andromeda, covering 500 square degrees, which will detect nearly every red giant star in the halo (10\(\sigma\) detection in F146, F062 of 26.5, 26.1AB mag respectively) and yield proper motions to \(\sim\)25 microarcsec/year (i.e., \(\sim\)90 km/s) for all stars brighter than F146 \(\approx 23.6\) AB mag (i.e., reaching the red clump stars in the Andromeda halo). This survey will yield (through averaging) high-fidelity proper motions for all satellites and compact substructures in the Andromeda halo and will enable statistical searches for clusters in chemo-dynamical space. Adding a third epoch during the extended mission will improve these proper motions by \(\sim t^{-1.5}\), to \(\approx 11\) km/s, but this requires obtaining the first epoch in Year 1 of Roman operations. In combination with ongoing and imminent spectroscopic campaigns with ground-based telescopes, this Roman survey has the potential to yield full 3-d space motions of \(>\)100,000 stars in the Andromeda halo, including (by combining individual measurements) robust space motions of its entire globular cluster and most of its dwarf galaxy satellite populations. It will also identify high-velocity stars in Andromeda, providing unique information on the processes that create this population. These data offer a unique opportunity to study the immigration history, halo formation, and underlying dark matter scaffolding of a galaxy other than our own.
We measure homogeneous distances to M31 and 38 associated stellar systems (\(-\)16.8\(\le M_V \le\) \(-\)6.0), using time-series observations of RR Lyrae stars taken as part of the Hubble Space ...Telescope Treasury Survey of M31 Satellites. From \(>700\) orbits of new/archival ACS imaging, we identify \(>4700\) RR Lyrae stars and determine their periods and mean magnitudes to a typical precision of 0.01 days and 0.04 mag. Based on Period-Wesenheit-Metallicity relationships consistent with the Gaia eDR3 distance scale, we uniformly measure heliocentric and M31-centric distances to a typical precision of \(\sim20\) kpc (3%) and \(\sim10\) kpc (8%), respectively. We revise the 3D structure of the M31 galactic ecosystem and: (i) confirm a highly anisotropic spatial distribution such that \(\sim80\)% of M31's satellites reside on the near side of M31; this feature is not easily explained by observational effects; (ii) affirm the thin (rms \(7-23\) kpc) planar "arc" of satellites that comprises roughly half (15) of the galaxies within 300 kpc from M31; (iii) reassess physical proximity of notable associations such as the NGC 147/185 pair and M33/AND XXII; and (iv) illustrate challenges in tip-of-the-red-giant branch distances for galaxies with \(M_V > -9.5\), which can be biased by up to 35%. We emphasize the importance of RR Lyrae for accurate distances to faint galaxies that should be discovered by upcoming facilities (e.g., Rubin Observatory). We provide updated luminosities and sizes for our sample. Our distances will serve as the basis for future investigation of the star formation and orbital histories of the entire known M31 satellite system.
Avec le concours du Conseil scientifique des universités Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Paris VII (Denis-Diderot), Paris X (Nanterre), du Groupe d’études sur les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale ...(Paris VII), le centre Pierre Francastel (Paris X) et du Collège de France
The objective of this feasibility study was to identify suitable surrogate parameters for a randomized confirmative trial with mistletoe treatment in patients with breast cancer. Tolerability,quality ...of life, hematological and immunological parameters were evaluated during postoperative chemotherapy.
This prospective open 2-armed non-randomized study compared 33 patients with primary breast cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF or EC) and simultaneous treatment with Iscador M 5 mg spezial (IM spez) with 33 controls without mistletoe. Before and 14 days after chemotherapy hematology, lymphocyte subpopulations, stimulability of lymphozytes and quality of life(EORTC QLQ-C30, BR23) were assessed.
Although there was a slight increase in thrombocytes within normal values (p =0.01), no clinically important laboratory parameter was favorable in the mistletoe group during the trial. There was no difference in immuno suppression due to chemotherapy. We found a lower frequency of nausea/vomiting and systemic therapy side effects (EORTC)during add-on-therapy with mistletoe (p = 0.02 each). Glucocorticoidco treatment in the mistletoe group was less frequent (p = 0.006), as well. In general, the add-on-therapy was well tolerated, taking into account that dose reduction was often necessary at the beginning of the chemotherapy because of large local reactions at the site of the injections. Therefore, blinding seems impossible if treatment with mistletoe and chemotherapy is started more or less simultaneously.
Reductions in quality of life seem to be smaller during add-on-therapy with mistletoe. Laboratory parameters showed no difference compared to the control group. Quality of life and reduction of glucocorticoid cotreatment should be further evaluated.
