In 2019, a new coronavirus causing a flu-like syndrome was discovered in Chinese province of Hubei and there was a subsequent outbreak in Wuhan in December 2019. The severity and mortality of ...COVID-19 are affected by several preexisting comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A more severe complication of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes could be due to the fact that hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as important features of diabetes mellitus, are associated with a higher expression rate of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). ACE-2 can act as the entry site for SARS-CoV-2 to lung cells. Furthermore, in diabetes mellitus, increased inflammatory responses and impaired immune function are often present. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are the characteristics of the diet that can affect glycemic control and insulin resistance. These two characteristics could possibly affect infections through their effect on gut microbiota composition, free radical synthesis, and mitochondrial loading. Therefore, it can be proposed that dietary GI and GL might be important factors in the development of COVID-19.
Distributed energy resources based on grid-following inverters are the dominant part of future modern power systems. To achieve a higher performance, the reliability enhancements and cost reductions ...of such inverters are the most important demands. In this respect, the sensors are one of the elements which greatly determine the cost and reliability of the inverters, and minimizing the number of sensors may achieve both lower costs and higher reliability. In addition, sensor data are prone to cyber-attacks, and sensor-less control techniques would improve the cyber-physical tolerance capabilities of the system. This paper proposes a grid-side current sensor-less control technique for grid-following inverters. In the proposed scheme, an observer is suggested which estimates the grid-side currents by processing the measured DC-link voltage. The estimated grid-side currents are fed to the control loops of the inverter. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the stability of the overall control structure is analyzed, including the nonlinear dynamics of the DC-link voltage in the various operating points, using eigen value analysis and time domain simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme preserves the proper stability margin and performance of the GF-VSC, even in the presence of uncertainty in output filter inductance.
Cardiovascular disease is prevalent globally and is the most common complication of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Previous studies have suggested that curcumin and probiotics may improve the lipid ...profile, so we aimed to investigate the effects of the edible powder enriched with these substances on lipid profile level and atherogenic indices such as Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), Castelli Risk Index‐I (CRI‐I), Castelli Risk Index‐II (CRI‐II), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP). In the present parallel randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 124 people with MetS with overweight or obesity were randomly allocated to 4 groups and were followed up for 8 weeks. The participants received a low‐calorie diet and a daily sachet of enriched powder drink. The sachets contained either 109 CFU of probiotics or 1 g of curcumin, or probiotic + curcumin (pro + cur), or placebo, respectively. The fasting lipid profile and atherogenic indices were measured at the beginning and end of the study. One hundred and fourteen participants completed the study. At the end of the study, the within‐ and between‐group comparisons showed no significant differences in lipid profile and atherogenic indices (p > .05). Based on the results of the current study, taking an oral powder containing 1 g curcumin and 109 CFU probiotics for 8 weeks had no effect on the lipid profile level and atherogenic indices; however, more studies are recommended.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases are increasing globally. Previous studies have suggested that curcumin and probiotics may improve the lipid profile. based on the result of the present study, taking an oral powdered drink containing 1 g curcumin and 109 CFU probiotics for 8 weeks had no effect on the lipid profile level and atherogenic indices in metabolic syndrome patients, however, more studies are recommended.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
There is controversy regarding whether increasing isolated soy protein (ISP) with or without flaxseed oil (FO), as functional foods, would lead to reduce muscle catabolism and cachexia in burn ...patients.
One hundred and eighty-eight patients were assessed for eligibility in this randomized controlled trial. Of these, seventy-three eligible patients (total burn surface area 20-50%) were randomly assigned to three groups, labeled as Control (wheat flour WF + corn oil CO), ISP + FO, and ISP + CO, to receive these nutrients for three weeks. Weight, body mass index (BMI), serum hepatic enzymes (alanine transaminase ALT, aspartate transaminase AST, alkaline phosphatase ALP), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 24-h urinary urea nitrogen excretion (UUN), serum creatinine, 24-h urinary creatinine (UUC) excretion, fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol were measured.
Using analysis of covariance models in the intention-to-treat population (n = 73), we found that at three weeks, patients in the ISP groups had lost significantly less in weight and BMI compared to those in the control group (all P < 0.01). Nitrogen retention and serum creatinine (primary outcomes) increased significantly in the ISP groups compared with the control group. Even after controlling for potential covariates in ANCOVA models, changes in these indices were still statistically significant (P = 0.008 and P = 0.005 for nitrogen balance and serum creatinine, respectively). However, no such significant differences were found between the ISP groups. On the other hand, 24-h UUN, and UUC excretion, serum hepatic enzymes, FBS, TG, and cholesterol were not significant between the groups (P > 0.05).
ISP and FO compared to WF and CO reduced muscle catabolism and increased body weight in burn patients.
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2014051817740N1 . Registered on 27 June 2014.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Vitamin D and GUT Microbiota: A Review Zeinab Shahsavani; Zahra Sohrabi; Malihe Karamizadeh ...
International journal of nutrition sciences,
06/2020, Volume:
5, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Vitamin D plays an important role in the body. Beyond its role in bone metabolism, this vitamin is involved in regulating immune and hormonal responses, antioxidant activity, cell proliferation and ...differentiation, and the prevention of various diseases. Vitamin D deficiency was shown to decrease the risk of inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D can affect the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, which can be associated to a wide range of physiological processes, and disruption of gut microbiota was shown to be related to inflammation, metabolic disorders, excessive fat accumulation, and loss of insulin sensitivity. Some of theanti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D may be related to the changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to review the relationship between vitamin D and gut microbiota.
Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review Anoush Khamoushi; Erfaneh Aalipanah; Zahra Sohrabi ...
International journal of nutrition sciences,
03/2019, Volume:
4, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Recently, vitamin D has been shown to play important roles in the body, beyond its role in bone metabolism, including the regulation of immune and hormonal responses, antioxidant activity, ...proliferation, and cellular differentiation, and also has a critical role in brain development. Vitamin D deficiency is relarted to increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, it seems that there is a relationship between low levels of vitamin D and the risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder. However, to prove this association, prospective Cohort and clinical trial studies with a large sample size are required. In this review, we explored the association between vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Summary
This paper presents an inductorless transimpedance amplifier (TIA) that employs bias feedback technique in a MOS‐based immittance converter (MIC) to achieve high bandwidth. The bias feedback ...technique is analyzed and explored as a supplementary approach to reduce the input impedance in a current buffer structure. Employing this technique in a MIC‐based TIA structure provides an additional degree of freedom for the design and helps reduce the trade‐off between bandwidth and power. The proposed structure is designed and simulated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology considering a 1 pF photodiode capacitance. The post‐layout simulation results show that the TIA provides a transimpedance gain of 50.9 dBΩ, a bandwidth of 6.1 GHz, and an input‐referred current noise of 9.9 pA/√Hz. The circuit consumes 3.42 mW from a 1.8 V supply and occupies 0.0046 μm2 area. Results are compared with TIAs reported in the literature, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed modified MIC structure.
This paper presents an inductorless transimpedance amplifier (TIA) that employs bias feedback technique in a MOS‐based immittance converter (MIC) to achieve high bandwidth. The bias feedback technique is analyzed and explored as a supplementary approach to reduce the input impedance. Employing this technique in a MIC‐based TIA structure provides an additional degree of freedom for the design and helps reduce the trade‐off between bandwidth and power.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Phenylketonuria or PKU has an important place in medical history as the first congenital metabolic disorder. It is a genetic defect in the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme existing in the liver and ...kidneys which is responsible for the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Deficiency of the enzyme results in accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites in the blood and other tissues. If left untreated, mental retardation, speech delays, eczema, seizures, behavioral abnormalities, etc would be expected. In PKU, proper nutrition is the only treatment of choice to prevent complications. The treatment is based on a low-protein diet, and elimination of all protein-rich foods to prevent severe mental retardation. Dietary changes in PKU are permanent through the life. By controlling the diet, we reach disease control too. The metabolic control in childhood and adolescence is related to patients’ quality of life, and their mental status. Even in patients who resume treatment after a period of free diet, an enhancement in the quality of life is observed correlated with the phenylalanine level, in a way that when the phenylalanine level is between 2 and 6 mg/dL, the patients would have a higher quality of life. Moreover, the higher the patients’ phenylalanine level, the lower the quality of life scores. Similarly, phenylalanine levels are associated with patients’ social skills. The lower is the patients’ phenylalanine level, the higher would be the social skills.
Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is prevalent among hemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated with poor outcomes. There are various methods for nutritional status evaluation in HD patients. Each ...method has its own advantages and disadvantages. We aimed at comparing the method validities of normalized protein catabolic ratio (nPCR) and malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) with subjective global assessment (SGA) in HD patients. We examined 88 HD patients using SGA and MUST questionnaires. The nPCRs were calculated using pre-dialysis and post-dialysis BUN and Kt/v. Also, PEW of patients was assessed based on the criteria of the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Methods' specificity, sensitivity, and precision rates were assessed. Correlations between methods were analyzed using Pearson-correlation. Based on the SGA, MUST, and nPCR methods, almost 41%, 30%, and 60% of patients had malnutrition, respectively. According to the criteria, more than 90% of patients had PEW. SGA was positively and significantly associated with MUST (p ≤ 0.001). Sensitivity for SGA, MUST, and nPCR methods were 100%,100%, 1.8%, and their specificity were 98%, 98%, and 4%, and their precision rates were 99.7%, 98.7%, and 3%, respectively. From various methods of nutritional assessment (SGA, MUST, and nPCR), compared to SGA as the common method of nutrition assessment in hemodialysis patients, MUST had the nearest specificity, sensitivity, and precision rate and nPCR method had the lowest ones. nPCR seems to be a flawed marker of malnutrition and it should be more investigated if MUST can be used instead of SGA.
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