Upotreba kaolinske gline u uzgoju voća Soldo, Tomislav; Duralija, Boris; Benčić, Đani ...
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
06/2022, Volume:
45, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Proizvodi na bazi kaolinske gline sve više se koriste u proizvodnji voća, a posebice onoj ekološkoj. Posljednjih godina prisutan je trend značajnog smanjenja broja dozvoljenih konvencionalnih ...sredstava za zaštitu bilja od štetnih organizama, što za posljedicu ima i postupni prijelaz s konvencionalne na ekološku proizvodnju voća. U ovom radu prikazane su mogućnosti korištenja proizvoda na bazi kaolinske gline u voćarstvu. Predstavljene su mogućnosti korištenja kaolinske gline u zaštiti od štetnika i bolesti, smanjenju ekološkog stresa uzrokovanog visokim temperaturama, zaštiti od ožegotina, povećanju uroda, poboljšanom obojenju i kvaliteti ploda. Kaolinska glina ima velike mogućnosti za unaprjeđenje voćarske proizvodnje u Republici Hrvatskoj, napose u ekološkoj proizvodnji, gdje zbog svoje široke primjene i učinkovitosti postaje praktički nezaobilazna.
Kaolin clay-based products are increasingly used in fruit growing, especially in organic farming. In recent years, the emphasis has been on a significant reduction in the number of conventional protective measures against diseases and pests. The gradual transition from conventional to organic fruit production is also noticeable. This paper presents the possibilities of using kaolin-clay based products in fruit growing. The possibilities of using kaolin clay to protect against pests and diseases, reduce environmental stress from high temperatures, protect against burns, increase yield, improve color and fruit quality are presented. Kaolin clay has great potential for improving fruit production in the Republic of Croatia, especially in organic farming, where its wide application and efficiency make it practically unavoidable.
Istraživanje je provedeno u vinogorju Kutjevo na položajima: Škomić, Vetovo, Hrnjevac, Vinkomir i Oljasi, na sorti Graševina tijekom 2020. godine. Položaji Vetovo, Hrnjevac i Vinkomir nalaze se na ...nadmorskim visinama iznad 300 metara dok su Škomić i Oljasi na oko 200 metara nadmorske visine na plodnijim tlima. Cilj istraživanja je bio prikazati utjecaj pojedinog položaja na dinamiku dozrijevanja grožđa i kakvoću mošta kroz osnovne parametre koji se danas najčešće koriste za određivanje tehnološke zrelosti grožđa. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno kroz prva dva tjedna rujna obzirom na klimatske prilike i ubrzano dozrijevanje grožđa. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri repeticije. Fizikalno kemijske analize uzoraka obavljene su na uređaju WineScan u laboratoriju Kutjeva d.d.. Utvrđene su razlike u sadržaju šećera i ukupne kiselosti. Mošt Graševine s položaja Škomić imao je najniži sadržaj šećera tijekom cijelog perioda dozrijevanja i najveću ukupnu kiselost. Razlike u pH vrijednosti između položaja nisu utvrđene.
The research was conducted in the Kutjevo vineyard at the locations: Škomić, Vetovo, Hrnjevac, Vinkomir and Oljasi, on the Graševina variety during 2020. Vetovo, Hrnjevac and Vinkomir are located at altitudes above 300 meters above sea level, while Škomić and Oljasi are at about 200 meters above sea level on more fertile soils. The goal of the research was to show the influence of a particular location on the dynamics of grape ripening and the quality of must through the basic parameters that are most often used today to determine the technological maturity of grapes. Sampling was done during the first two weeks of September due to the climatic conditions and accelerated ripening of the grapes. The experiment was set up in a randomized block arrangement with three repetitions. Physical and chemical analyzes of the samples were performed on the WineScan device in the Kutjeva d.d. laboratory. Differences in sugar content and total acidity were determined. Graševina must from Škomić had the lowest sugar content during the entire maturation period and the highest total acidity. Differences in pH value between positions were not determined.
Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj barrique bačava različite starosti na kakvoću senzornih karakteristika vina Babić, Plavac mali i Tribidrag. Istraživanje je provedeno u vinariji Galić d.o.o. ...iz Kutjeva. Grožđa od kojeg je proizvedeno vino potječe iz okolice Šibenika s položaja Jadrtovac. Organoleptička analiza vina provedena je deskriptivnom i metodom 100 bodova. Rezultati metode 100 bodova obrađeni su statistički. Prije same deskriptivne evaluacije uzoraka uz unaprijed postavljene opće deskriptore degustacijom samih uzoraka određeni su specifični deskriptori za svako pojedino sortno vino. Ocjenjivanje je proveo panel ocjenjivača educiran u sklopu projekta „Uncorking rural herirage“. Utvrđene su opravdane razlike u svojstvu mirisa i ukupne ocjene vina sorte Babić pri čemu je bolji rezultat postiglo vino iz nove barrique bačve. Utvrđena je statistički opravdana razlika kod svojstva kakvoće okusa vina sorta Plavac mali i Tribidrag. Bolje je ocjenjena kakvoća okusa vina Plavac mali iz nove bačve dok je kod vina sorte Tribidrag bolja kakvoća kod tretmana iz već korištene bačve.
The aim of the research was to determine the influence of barrique barrels of different ages on the quality of sensory characteristics of Babić, Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The research was conducted at the Galić d.o.o. winery from Kutjevo. The grapes used for wine production originate from Jadrtovac, a location in the surroundings of Šibenik. The organoleptic analysis of the wine was carried out using the descriptive and 100-point methods. The results of the 100 points method were processed statistically. Prior to the actual descriptive evaluation of the samples, in addition to the pre-set general descriptors, specific descriptors for each varietal wine were determined by tasting the samples. The evaluation was carried out by a panel of evaluators trained as part of the "Uncorking rural inheritance" project. Significant differences regarding the quality of aroma and the overall evaluation of the Babić wine variety were found, with the wine from the new barrique barrel achieving a better result. A statistically significant difference was found in the taste quality of Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The taste quality of the Plavac mali wine from a new barrel was rated as better, while the quality of the Tribidrag wine variety was better when treated from a previously used barrel.
Sekundarni metaboliti biljaka imaju važnu ulogu u reakciji biljaka na abiotički i biotički stres. Neke od bioaktivnih komponenti imaju izražena insekticidna svojstva, pa onda govorimo o insekticidnim ...biljkama poput dalmatinskog (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) i kavkaškog buhača (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (aktivne komponente - piretrini), duhana (nikotin), neema (azadirahtin) i dr. Botanički insekticidi su uglavnom kraće perzistentnosti, pa su na osnovi njihove kemijske strukture razvijeni stabilniji sintetski insekticidi – piretroidi i neonikotinoidi, S ograničavanjem primjene kemijskih insekticida, botanički insekticidi dobivaju sve značajniju ulogu i u konvencionalnoj zaštiti bilja, ne samo ekološkoj. Posebno su značajni prirodni piretrini. Zbog brze razgradnje imaju kratku karencu što je često nedostatak, ali je i prikladno za zaštitu bilja prije same berbe, što je posebno prikladno kod suzbijanja octene mušice ploda.
Plants’ secondary metabolites have an important role in the plant’s response to abiotic and biotic stress. Some of the bioactive components have pronounced insecticidal properties, so they are called insecticidal plants such as Dalmatian (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) and Caucasian pyrethrum (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (active components - pyrethrins), tobacco (nicotine), neem (azadirachtin), etc. Botanical insecticides are generally having shorter persistence. Based on their chemical structures, more stable synthetic insecticides have been developed – pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. With the restrictions in use of chemical insecticides, botanical insecticides are gaining an increasingly significant role in conventional plant protection, not only ecological. Natural pyrethrins are especially important. Due to their quick decomposition, they have a short withdrawal period, which is often a shortcoming, but it is also suitable for protecting plants before harvesting, which is especially suitable for spotted wing drosophila’s control.
Application of a novel screening procedure, the comparative taste dilution analysis (cTDA), on the non-solvent-extractable reaction products formed in a thermally processed aqueous solution of ...glucose and l-alanine led to the discovery of the presence of a sweetness- enhancing Maillard reaction product. Isolation, followed by LC-MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR measurements, and synthesis led to its unequivocal identification as N-(1-carboxyethyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium-3-ol inner salt. This so-called alapyridaine, although being tasteless itself, is the first nonvolatile, sweetness-enhancing Maillard reaction product reported in the literature. Depending on the pH value, the detection thresholds of sweet sugars, amino acids, and aspartame, respectively, were found to be significantly decreased when alapyridaine was present; for example, the threshold of glucose decreased by a factor of 16 in an equimolar mixture of glucose and alapyridaine. Studies on the influence of the stereochemistry on taste-enhancing activity revealed that the (+)−(S)-alapyridaine is the physiologically active enantiomer, whereas the (−)-(R)-enantiomer did not affect sweetness perception at all. Thermal processing of aqueous solutions of alapyridaine at 80 °C demonstrated a high thermal and hydrolytic stability of that sweetness enhancer; for example, more than 90 or 80% of alapyridaine was recovered when heated for 5 h at pH 7.0, 5.0, or 3.0, respectively. Keywords: Alapyridaine; Maillard reaction; sweetness enhancer; comparative taste dilution analysis; taste compound; N-(1-carboxyethyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium-3-ol inner salt
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this study was to investigate the implications of selected chemopreventive parameters and metabolic conversion of resveratrol in vivo. In two 8‐week long feeding experiments with rats, ...a low‐resveratrol diet containing 50 mg resveratrol per kg body weight (bw) and day and a high‐resveratrol diet with 300 mg per kg bw and day were administered. For chemopreventive evaluation selected phase I and phase II enzymes of the biotransformation system, the total antioxidant activity, and the vitamin E status of the animals were determined. The level of resveratrol and its metabolites in the feces, urine, plasma, liver, and kidneys was identified and quantitated by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) using synthesized resveratrol conjugate standards. Feeding of different dosages of resveratrol revealed no effect on the different chemopreventive parameters, except for the total antioxidant activity, which was elevated in plasma by 19% after feeding 50 mg resveratrol per kg bw and day. The formation of trans‐resveratrol‐3‐sulfate, trans‐resveratrol‐4′‐sulfate, trans‐resveratrol‐3,5‐disulfate, trans‐resveratrol‐3,4′‐disulfate, trans‐resveratrol‐3,4′,5‐trisulfate, trans‐resveratrol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronide, and resveratrol aglycone was detected by HPLC analysis, depending on the biological material. Total resveratrol recovery in urine and feces of rats fed on 50 mg resveratrol per kg bw and day was 15% and 13%, respectively. For rats fed the higher dosage of 300 mg resveratrol per kg bw and day recovery was 54% and 17%, respectively. This is the first study performed with synthesized standards of relevant resveratrol conjugates. The lack of effect on the chemopreventive parameters is probably due to the formation of various resveratrol conjugates reducing its bioavailability in the rat.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Kaolin clay-based products are increasingly used in fruit growing, especially in organic farming. In recent years, the emphasis has been on a significant reduction in the number of conventional ...protective measures against diseases and pests. The gradual transition from conventional to organic fruit production is also noticeable. This paper presents the possibilities of using kaolin-clay based products in fruit growing. The possibilities of using kaolin clay to protect against pests and diseases, reduce environmental stress from high temperatures, protect against burns, increase yield, improve color and fruit quality are presented. Kaolin clay has great potential for improving fruit production in the Republic of Croatia, especially in organic farming, where its wide application and efficiency make it practically unavoidable.
The research was conducted in the Kutjevo vineyard at the locations: Škomić, Vetovo, Hrnjevac, Vinkomir and Oljasi, on the Graševina variety during 2020. Vetovo, Hrnjevac and Vinkomir are located at ...altitudes above 300 meters above sea level, while Škomić and Oljasi are at about 200 meters above sea level on more fertile soils. The goal of the research was to show the influence of a particular location on the dynamics of grape ripening and the quality of must through the basic parameters that are most often used today to determine the technological maturity of grapes. Sampling was done during the first two weeks of September due to the climatic conditions and accelerated ripening of the grapes. The experiment was set up in a randomized block arrangement with three repetitions. Physical and chemical analyzes of the samples were performed on the WineScan device in the Kutjeva d.d. laboratory. Differences in sugar content and total acidity were determined. Graševina must from Škomić had the lowest sugar content during the entire maturation period and the highest total acidity. Differences in pH value between positions were not determined.
The aim of the research was to determine the influence of barrique barrels of different ages on the quality of sensory characteristics of Babić, Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The research was ...conducted at the Galić d.o.o. winery from Kutjevo. The grapes used for wine production originate from Jadrtovac, a location in the surroundings of Šibenik. The organoleptic analysis of the wine was carried out using the descriptive and 100-point methods. The results of the 100 points method were processed statistically. Prior to the actual descriptive evaluation of the samples, in addition to the pre-set general descriptors, specific descriptors for each varietal wine were determined by tasting the samples. The evaluation was carried out by a panel of evaluators trained as part of the "Uncorking rural inheritance" project. Significant differences regarding the quality of aroma and the overall evaluation of the Babić wine variety were found, with the wine from the new barrique barrel achieving a better result. A statistically significant difference was found in the taste quality of Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The taste quality of the Plavac mali wine from a new barrel was rated as better, while the quality of the Tribidrag wine variety was better when treated from a previously used barrel.
