Td-WTe2 (non-centrosymmetric and orthorhombic), a type-II Weyl semimetal, is expected to have higher-order topological phases with topologically protected, helical one-dimensional hinge states when ...its Weyl points are annihilated. However, the detection of these hinge states is difficult due to the semimetallic behaviour of the bulk. In this study, we have spatially resolved the hinge states by analysing the magnetic field interference of the supercurrent in Nb–WTe2–Nb proximity Josephson junctions. The Josephson current along the a axis of the WTe2 crystal, but not along the b axis, showed a sharp enhancement at the edges of the junction, and the amount of enhanced Josephson current was comparable to the upper limits of a single one-dimensional helical channel. Our experimental observations suggest a higher-order topological phase in WTe2 and its corresponding anisotropic topological hinge states, in agreement with theoretical calculations. Our work paves the way for the study of hinge states in topological transition-metal dichalcogenides and analogous phases.Transport measurements and calculations show that WTe2 may be a higher-order topological insulator with topological hinge states.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study develops a trust mechanism based on trust transfer theory in the context of customer-to-customer (C2C) social commerce. Based on combined data from 206 sellers and consumers, this study ...finds that customers have continuous purchase intentions when they trust sellers and brands at the same time and that consumers generate brand trust due to trust in sellers. In addition, with informational and emotional support, consumers can generate trust in individual sellers. Finally, promotion, which is a common strategy used by C2C sellers, will damage the trust transfer from sellers to the brand.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a van der Waals semiconductor with a wide bandgap of ~ 5.96 eV. Despite the indirect bandgap characteristics of hBN, charge carriers excited by high energy electrons ...or photons efficiently emit luminescence at deep-ultraviolet (DUV) frequencies via strong electron-phonon interaction, suggesting potential DUV light emitting device applications. However, electroluminescence from hBN has not been demonstrated at DUV frequencies so far. In this study, we report DUV electroluminescence and photocurrent generation in graphene/hBN/graphene heterostructures at room temperature. Tunneling carrier injection from graphene electrodes into the band edges of hBN enables prominent electroluminescence at DUV frequencies. On the other hand, under DUV laser illumination and external bias voltage, graphene electrodes efficiently collect photo-excited carriers in hBN, which generates high photocurrent. Laser excitation micro-spectroscopy shows that the radiative recombination and photocarrier excitation processes in the heterostructures mainly originate from the pristine structure and the stacking faults in hBN. Our work provides a pathway toward efficient DUV light emitting and detection devices based on hBN.
Tumor cells metastasize to distant organs through genetic and epigenetic alterations, including changes in microRNA (miR) expression. Here we find miR-22 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition ...(EMT), enhances invasiveness and promotes metastasis in mouse xenografts. In a conditional mammary gland-specific transgenic (TG) mouse model, we show that miR-22 enhances mammary gland side-branching, expands the stem cell compartment, and promotes tumor development. Critically, miR-22 promotes aggressive metastatic disease in MMTV-miR-22 TG mice, as well as compound MMTV-neu or -PyVT-miR-22 TG mice. We demonstrate that miR-22 exerts its metastatic potential by silencing antimetastatic miR-200 through direct targeting of the TET (Ten eleven translocation) family of methylcytosine dioxygenases, thereby inhibiting demethylation of the mir-200 promoter. Finally, we show that miR-22 overexpression correlates with poor clinical outcomes and silencing of the TET-miR-200 axis in patients. Taken together, our findings implicate miR-22 as a crucial epigenetic modifier and promoter of EMT and breast cancer stemness toward metastasis.
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•miR-22 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis•miR-22 enhances murine mammary gland side-branching, stemness, and tumor development•miR-22 antagonizes miR-200 by directly targeting TET family members•Elevated miR-22 expression is linked to poor clinical outcomes in patients
miR-22 targets TET family chromatin modifiers that promote demethylation of miR-200 promoters, dampening the expression of these miRNAs, which play a role in EMT. This pathway modulates tumorigenesis and metastasis in mammary glands and miR-22 could serve as a biomarker for breast cancer metastasis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
MicroRNAs are frequently deregulated in cancer. Here we show that miR-22 is upregulated in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and leukemia and its aberrant expression correlates with poor survival. To ...explore its role in hematopoietic stem cell function and malignancy, we generated transgenic mice conditionally expressing miR-22 in the hematopoietic compartment. These mice displayed reduced levels of global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and increased hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal accompanied by defective differentiation. Conversely, miR-22 inhibition blocked proliferation in both mouse and human leukemic cells. Over time, miR-22 transgenic mice developed MDS and hematological malignancies. We also identify TET2 as a key target of miR-22 in this context. Ectopic expression of TET2 suppressed the miR-22-induced phenotypes. Downregulation of TET2 protein also correlated with poor clinical outcomes and miR-22 overexpression in MDS patients. Our results therefore identify miR-22 as a potent proto-oncogene and suggest that aberrations in the miR-22/TET2 regulatory network are common in hematopoietic malignancies.
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•miR-22-TET2 regulatory network controls hematopoietic stem cell biology•miR-22 triggers myelodysplastic syndrome and hematological malignancies•Levels of miR-22 and TET2 are reliable prognostic factors in MDS patients
The microRNA miR-22 participates in the initiation of leukemia by targeting TET2 and high expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes, making it an attractive therapeutic target.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microalgae are considered to be a promising alternative feedstock for biofuel production to prevent global warming and the depletion of fossil fuel.
In this study, the effect of NaCl on biofuel ...production potential of freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris YH703 was studied. During the first stage of cultivation, microalgae biomass has increased by 1.3 times in cultivation medium with 30 mM NaCl compared to the control. During the second stage of cultivation, salinity stress of 500 mM NaCl for 2 days has resulted in up to 24.5% lipid (12.7% in control). So the biofuel production potential has increased by 2.5 times during two-staged cultivation combined with NaCl treatment which means it is an efficient strategy to enhance biofuel production potential of Chlorella vulgaris YH703. In order to understand accumulation of lipid in freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris YH703 under the salinity stress, it was also studied the changes in the level of several stress biomarkers such as hydrogen peroxide, APX (ascorbate peroxidase-antioxidative enzyme) and proline. Under the condition of NaCl stress, the amount of H2O2 and Proline and the level of APX activity in microalgae are greatly increased and this shows that Chlorella vulgaris YH703 is a specie that is tolerant to the oxidative stress which results in high salinity concentration.
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•Chlorella vulgaris YH703 is tolerant to salinity stress, which is a promising feedstock for biofuel production.•Biomass productivity of microalgae was increased by 1.3 times in 30 mM NaCl treatment.•Lipid content in microalgae has increased to 24.5% (12.7% in control) under 500 mM NaCl stress for 2 days.•Two-staged cultivation combined with NaCl treatment is effective approach to increase the biofuel production by 2.45 times.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study estimated both the in-port ship emissions inventory (CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SOx, CO, and HC) and the emission associated social cost in Yangshan port of Shanghai. A sophisticated ...activity-based methodology, supported by the ship-by-ship and real-time data from the modern automatic identification system (AIS), was introduced to obtain accurate estimates of ship emissions. The detailed spatial and temporal emission inventories can be used as input for air quality dispersion modeling in the port and vicinities. The social cost of the emission impact on the Yangshan port coastal regions was then assessed based on the emissions inventories. The social cost covers the impact on human health, the environment, and the climate of the coastal community. Finally, the ship emissions was combined with port's basic operation profiles, i.e. container throughput, ship calls, and port revenue, in an attempt to assess the port's “eco-efficiency”, which indicates the port performance with social-economic and environmental concerns. This study filled the gap of previous studies by providing the AIS-supported activity-based emission inventory to facilitate the social cost-benefit analysis for the emission abatement policies. The result shows that i) the amount of in-port ship emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SOx, CO, and HC in Yangshan port area was 578,444 tons, 10 tons, 33 tons, 1078 tons (PM10, inducing PM2.5), 859 tons (PM2.5 only), 10,758 tons, 5623 tons, 1136 tons, and 519 tons, respectively, with ii) a total social cost of $287 million; iii) the values of the three parameters of the port eco-efficiency performance were $36,528 per 1,000 TEU throughput, $43,993 per ship call, and $44 million per billion US$ port revenue (4.4% of port revenue), respectively in 2009.
•Activity-based ship emissions inventory in Yangshan port based on AIS data.•Social cost evaluation for ship emission impact on Yangshan coastal region.•Port eco-efficiency for emissions per throughput, ship call, and port revenue.•Estimated $287 million social costs of nine emissions in 2009.•Emission social cost accounted 4.4% of port revenue; NOx contributed the most.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We developed a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on linked color imaging (LCI) images to predict the histological results of polyps by analyzing the colors of the lesions. A total of 139 ...images of adenomatous polyps and 69 images of non-adenomatous polyps obtained from our hospital were collected and used to train the CAD system. A test set of LCI images, including both adenomatous and non-adenomatous polyps, was prospectively collected from patients who underwent colonoscopies between Oct and Dec 2017; this test set was used to assess the diagnostic abilities of the CAD system compared to those of human endoscopists (two experts and two novices). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this novel CAD system for the training set were 87.0%, 87.1%, 87.0%, 93.1%, and 76.9%, respectively. The test set included 115 adenomatous polyps and 66 non-adenomatous polyps that were prospectively collected. The CAD system identified adenomatous or non-adenomatous polyps in the test set with an accuracy of 78.4%, a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 70.1%, a PPV of 82.6%, and an NPV of 71.2%. The accuracy of the CAD system was comparable to that of the expert endoscopists (78.4% vs 79.6%; p = 0.517). In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of the novices was significantly lower to the performance of the experts (70.7% vs 79.6%; p = 0.018). A novel CAD system based on LCI could be a rapid and powerful decision-making tool for endoscopists.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Machine learning (ML) has quickly emerged in synthetic organic chemistry to predict reaction outcomes such as yields and stereoselectivities. Notably, recent applications of the ML approach showed ...powerful performance in solving various chemical problems. However, the requirement of numerous descriptors and large datasets hampers the general use by non‐specialists. In this study, simple ML models were developed by utilizing easily available 13C‐NMR chemical shifts of the substrates as familiar descriptors to predict the site‐selectivity of geminal chlorofluorination of unsymmetrical 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds. We identified that the feed‐forward neural network (FNN) model provides higher accuracy compared to other algorithms. Then, better prediction performance was acquired through streamlined models using minimal, only empirically relevant descriptors.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly advanced HCC, has been a serious challenge. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are landmark drugs in the field of cancer therapy in ...recent years, which have changed the landscape of cancer treatment. In the field of HCC treatment, this class of drugs has shown good therapeutic prospects. For example, atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab has been approved as first-line treatment for advanced HCC due to significant efficacy. However, sensitivity to ICI therapy varies widely among HCC patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for determinants of resistance/sensitivity to ICIs and to screen biomarkers that can predict the efficacy of ICIs. This manuscript reviews the research progress of prognostic biomarkers associated with ICIs in HCC in order to provide a scientific basis for the development of clinically individualised precision medication regimens.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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