Polymeric binders that can undergo slurry fabrication and minimize the disruption of interfacial Li+ contact are imperative for sheet‐type electrodes and solid electrolyte films in practical ...all‐solid‐state Li batteries (ASLBs). Although dry polymer electrolytes (DPEs) are a plausible alternative, their use is complicated by the severe reactivity of sulfide solid electrolytes and the need to dissolve Li salts. In this study, a new scalable fabrication protocol for a Li+‐conductive DPE‐type binder, nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR)‐LiTFSI, is reported. The less‐polar dibromomethane and more‐polar hexyl butyrate in cosolvents work synergistically to dissolve NBR and LiTFSI, while preserving Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5. It is found that the dispersion of NBR can be controlled by the fraction of the antisolvent (hexyl butyrate), which in turn affects the corresponding performance of the ASLBs. Sheet‐type LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2 electrodes tailored using NBR‐LiTFSI outperform those prepared using the conventional insulating binder (NBR) in terms of capacity (163 vs 147 mA h g−1) and initial Coulombic efficiency (78.9 vs 70.4%), which is attributed to the facilitated interfacial Li+ transport, as confirmed by 6Li nuclear magnetic resonance and electrochemical measurements. Moreover, NBR‐LiTFSI is functional at 70 °C and in a graphite anode. Finally, the promising performance of pouch‐type LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2/graphite ASLBs is also demonstrated.
A new scalable slurry fabrication protocol using a cosolvent targeting dry polymer electrolyte (DPE)‐based binders for all‐solid‐state batteries is developed. Binder dispersion is controlled by adjusting the ratios in the cosolvent, affecting the electrochemical performance. LiNii0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2 and graphite electrodes tailored from slurries using cosolvents of dibromomethane and hexyl butyrate, targeting the accommodation of DPE and Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5, exhibit significantly improved performance.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASLBs) employing sulfide solid electrolytes are considered a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from the perspectives of safety ...and high energy density. From a practical point of view, the development of sheet-type electrodes employing alternative electrode materials by scalable fabrication is of prime importance. While Si has been extensively studied for next-generation LIBs, reports on ASLBs are scarce. Herein, we fabricate sheet-type Si composite electrodes by infiltrating conventional LIB electrodes with solid electrolytes using a homogeneous Li6PS5Cl-ethanol solution. Further, we systematically investigate effects of the particle size (micro- vs. nano-Si) and polymeric binders (polyvinylidene fluoride vs. polyacrylic acid/carboxymethyl cellulose) on the electrochemical performance of ASLBs under varying external pressures (140, 20, and 5 MPa) upon cycling. Owing to intimate ionic contacts enabled by liquefied solid electrolytes, the Li6PS5Cl-infiltrated Si electrodes show higher capacities of over 3000 mA h g−1 at 0.25 mA cm−2 and 30 °C as compared with conventional dry-mixed electrodes. At 20 MPa, the Si electrodes using micro-Si and polyvinylidene fluoride show marginal degradation of performance. The high energy density of 338 W h kg−1 of LiCoO2/Si ASLBs fabricated using the Li6PS5Cl-infiltrated electrodes is demonstrated, highlighting the prospect of high-energy practical ASLBs.
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•Sheet-type Si electrodes are fabricated by infiltrating solution-processable SEs.•Li6PS5Cl-infiltrated Si electrodes show high capacities of more than 3000 mA h g−1.•Effects of the Si size, binders, and pressure on the performances are investigated.•LiCoO2/Si full-cells showing high energy density (338 Wh kg−1) are demonstrated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To minimize surgical morbidity and neck scarring, minimally invasive thyroidectomy and robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy via cervical, axillary, anterior chest, breast, postauricular or transoral ...approaches have been developed over the past 20 years. In this article, we review the evolution of robotic and endoscopic thyroid surgery and recent advances. Among remote access approaches, the gasless transaxillary approach, bilateral axillo-breast approach, postauricular facelift approach, and transoral vestibular approach are in common use today. Each procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, we need to understand these advantages and limitations, and to select the appropriate method for each patient. The most significant advantage of remote access thyroidectomy is its excellent cosmesis. The complication rate is similar in patients undergoing a remote access approach and those undergoing conventional surgery if the former is performed by experienced surgeons. Operative time is significantly longer in remote access thyroidectomy. In conclusion, remote access thyroidectomy is feasible and its outcomes are comparable to those of conventional transcervical thyroidectomy in highly selected patients.
Quaternary stereogenic centers are of great importance because of their prevalence in a series of bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Although the catalytic asymmetric construction of ...these highly congested centers poses a formidable challenge, this field has been extensively explored in the past few decades, and several elegant strategies, such as the asymmetric conjugate addition to β,β‐disubstituted nitroalkenes, have been developed. The resultant β‐nitro quaternary stereocenters can be conveniently transformed into the corresponding β‐amino quaternary stereocenters commonly found in bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the recent advances in the construction of all‐carbon quaternary or hetero‐carbon quaternary stereocenters via metal‐catalyzed and organocatalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition to β,β‐disubstituted nitroalkenes, focusing on the scope, applications, and mechanisms of these reactions.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transoral robotic and endoscopic thyroidectomy.
Methods
We analyzed and compared the first 100 cases of transoral robotic ...(71 cases) and endoscopic (29 cases) thyroidectomy with 207 cases of conventional transcervical thyroidectomy.
Results
Transoral thyroidectomy was completed successfully in all patients, except for three who were converted to the robotic facelift or transcervical approach. The mean operative time of the transoral procedure was significantly longer than that of the conventional procedure. Perioperative complications such as hypoparathyroidism, vocal cord palsy, hematoma, and seroma did not differ between the two groups. However, there were some unusual complications such as CO2 embolism, surgical site infection, skin trauma, burn, and ecchymosis in transoral thyroidectomy. Postoperative cosmesis was significantly better in the transoral group.
Conclusion
Transoral robotic and endoscopic thyroidectomy is feasible and comparable to conventional transcervical thyroidectomy in highly selected patients.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The absence of liquid components in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) based on sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) significantly impacts manufacturing processes and performance, particularly concerning ...mechanical properties and evolution. SSE films play vital roles in this context. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of SSE film design strategies, emphasizing their significance in the cell assembly and operation of practical ASSBs. Essential SSE film components are examined, including SSEs, binders, and scaffold or substrate materials, and key characteristics related to ASSB assembly and operation are addressed, such as conduction properties, electrochemical stability, and mechanical properties. Various SSE films fabricated using different binders and scaffold or substrate materials are explored through slurry‐casting or solvent‐free methods, and ASSBs employing SSE films with diverse form factors and components are presented, emphasizing their ability to operate under low‐pressure conditions. Additionally, the importance of establishing test protocols for assessing SSE film performance metrics is highlighted and strategies for enabling Li metal anodes are introduced. By deepening the understanding of the electrochemo‐mechanical phenomena and engineering processes in ASSBs, it is anticipated that the gap between lab‐scale research and practical goals can be bridged through design strategies that leverage the hybridization of various compositions and the immiscible nature of solid‐state materials.
Sulfide solid electrolyte (SSE) films play vital roles in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). This comprehensive review analyzes the challenges of implementing ASSBs in cell assembly and fabrication, emphasizing stability and mechanical properties, and the dimensional roles of SSE films concerning form factors and corresponding assembly processes. It also highlights the importance of establishing accurate test protocols for proper assessment.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
The most important advantage of remote-access robotic and endoscopic thyroidectomies is believed to be the excellent postoperative cosmesis. The purpose of this study was to compare ...directly the postoperative cosmetic outcomes of robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy via gasless transaxillary and postauricular facelift approaches with those of conventional thyroidectomy.
Methods
We prospectively studied 100 patients who underwent robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy using a gasless unilateral axillary (GUA) approach (50 patients) or a postauricular facelift approach (50 patients), and 50 who underwent conventional transcervical thyroidectomy. Postoperative cosmetic satisfaction scores and scar consciousness scores were evaluated at 3 months and 1 year after surgery using questionnaires developed by us. Vancouver scar scales were evaluated at the same time. The cosmetic satisfaction score was defined as the sum of the two cosmetic satisfaction questions with a rating scale of 1–5 each. The scar consciousness score was defined as the sum of the four scar consciousness questions with a rating scale of 0–3 each.
Results
The cosmetic satisfaction and scar consciousness scores were significantly lower (corresponding to
greater
satisfaction) in the transaxillary and postauricular facelift groups than the conventional group at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. They did not differ between the transaxillary and postauricular facelift groups. However, the Vancouver scar scale score of the conventional group was significantly lower than those of the transaxillary and postauricular facelift groups (
P
< 0.001 in both).
Conclusion
Robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy via transaxillary or postauricular facelift approaches results in better cosmesis than the conventional approach. However, scar healing itself is worse in the transaxillary and facelift approaches than the conventional approach.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A stable interfacial design bridging Li metal and sulfide solid electrolytes is imperative for deploying practical all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries. Despite the extensive exploration of interlayer ...materials, including inorganic substances, lithiophilic metals, and their composites, a comprehensive understanding of their stability and chemo‐mechanical evolution, particularly those influenced by cell fabrication processes, remains unexplored. Herein, it is meticulously investigate the formation and evolution of LiF, Mg, and conversion‐type multicomponent MgF2 ultrathin interlayers, each fabricated via thermal evaporation deposition. Unexpectedly, LiF and Mg fail to enhance cell performance, with LiF notably susceptible to external pressures during cell fabrication, leading to serious current constriction, while Mg deposition results in the formation of a Li‐rich solid solution. Remarkably, the MgF2 coatings demonstrate substantially superior performance in both Li|Li6PS5Cl|Li symmetric cells (up to 2000 h) and LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2|Li6PS5Cl|Li full‐cells (82% capacity retention after 800 cycles) at 30 °C. These results are attributed to the in‐situ formation of LiF and LixMg nanograins through a conversion reaction, which, after repeated cycling, maintains stability and a fixed position at the interface while ensuring uniform interfacial Li+ flux. Supported by comprehensive analyses, these findings highlight the pivotal role of conversion‐type interlayers in mitigating side reactions and preventing Li penetration.
MgF2, LiF, and Mg as protective interlayers for all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries, derived through thermal evaporation deposition, are investigated with a focus on their stability and (electro)chemical and chemo‐mechanical evolution. MgF2‐coated electrodes showcase superior performance in Li|Li6PS5Cl|Li symmetric cells and LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2|Li6PS5Cl|Li full‐cells owing to the stability and fixed position of the in situ converted LiF and LixMg nanograins.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to compare surgical outcomes of transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) and transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA), concurrently compared with conventional ...transcervical thyroidectomy (CTT). A network meta‐analysis, comprising 23 studies, was performed in this study. The operative time of the CTT group was significantly shorter than that of the TOETVA and TORT groups. The hospital stay of the TOETVA group was significantly longer than that of the CTT group. Rates of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and total complications were higher in association with TOETVA than with TORT. No significant differences were found between the three groups in intraoperative blood loss, retrieved lymph nodes, postoperative pain, and other complications. Cosmetic satisfaction was significantly superior with TORT and TOETVA than with CTT. Compared with CTT, TOETVA and TORT showed superior cosmesis but no significant difference in surgical outcomes except for operative time and hospital stay.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, water was demonstrated to be an exceptionally efficient reaction medium for the noncovalent, hydrogen-bonding-promoted enantioselective Michael addition of malonates to diverse ...nitroolefins using cinchona-based squaramide catalysts. A significant increase in the reaction rate was observed when the reaction was performed “on water” rather than in the conventional organic solvents, because of the hydrophobic hydration effect. This hydrophobic amplification was significantly dependent upon the hydrophobicity of the C3-substituent (vinyl or ethyl) of cinchona-based catalysts. Thus, the use of more hydrophobic catalyst with an ethyl group at the C3-position, even a highly challenging Michael donor such as dimethyl methylmalonate was also smoothly converted to the desired adduct. Furthermore, because of the remarkable rate acceleration under “on water” conditions, the catalyst loading also significantly decreased. Thus, in the case of β-ketoesters, even 0.01 mol % of catalyst loading was enough to complete the reaction at room temperature, affording the corresponding Michael adducts with perfect diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to >99:1 d.r., up to 99% ee). The developed “on water” protocol was successfully applied for the scalable syntheses of an antidepressant (S)-rolipram and an anticonvulsant (S)-pregabalin.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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