The review presents the history of the creation and work of the Scientific Council “Cybernetics” (SCC)—the center for development of cybernetics in the USSR and Russia. The Council’s activity is ...covered as a structure that coordinates scientific and technical activity in cybernetics in the country via a system of sections: about 16 public and professional bodies involving thousands of specialists. Brief information about the sections is given. The chronology of development of the SCC is discussed, in particular, information about its chairmen, starting with the renowned organizer of research and development, Academician and Admiral Axel Ivanovich Berg and the following academicians: B.N. Petrov, O.M. Belotserkovsky, A.P. Ershov, E.P. Velikhov, B.V. Bunkin, and Yu.I. Zhuravlev. The SCC’s publishing activity is briefly reviewed. The second function, built into the SCC from its onset, is as a research institute conducting its own research on the most pressing scientific problems insufficiently covered by existing structures. Several main areas of research by the SCC itself and its successor, the Axel Berg Institute of Cybernetics and Educational Computing of the Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the RAS: coding and transmission of information, economic cybernetics, aircraft control, supercomputers, digital technologies in education, mathematical logic and the theory of algorithms, pattern recognition and image analysis, mathematical methods of image analysis, theoretical physics, biomedical cybernetics, and ultrasound imaging. Another function of the SCC is considered: as an incubator of new academic industrially oriented structures and the fate of one of them—the Institute of Cybernetics Problems—is traced.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aim. To determine the dependence of adiponectin gene expression by subcutaneous, epicardial and perivascular adipocytes on the degree of coronary lesion in coronary heart disease.
Materials and ...methods. 84 patients with coronary artery disease were examined. Of these, 39 people showed a moderate degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary bed (less than or equal to 22 points) on the SYNTAX Score scale, 20 severe (2231 points), and 25 extremely severe (more than 32 points). Upon admission to the hospital, all patients underwent an echocardiographic study (Echocardiography, Acuson, Germany) with the calculation of the ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (LV) to assess its systolic function. During a planned surgical intervention (coronary bypass surgery, CABG), adipocytes of subcutaneous, epicardial (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) were taken. Adiponectin gene expression was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) using TaqMan probes. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 9.0.
Results. The maximum level of adiponectin expression was detected in adipocytes of PVAT, and the minimum EAT. With an increase in the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary bed, the expression of the adiponectin gene in adipocytes of local depots significantly decreases r=-0.82; p=0.023. Moreover, the low level of gene expression in EAT correlated with a decrease in LV EF by r=0.73; p=0.03. In adipocytes of subcutaneous and especially PVAT, gene expression was the highest in patients with a moderate degree of coronary lesion.
Conclusions. Low adiponectin gene expression in EAT is associated with an increase in the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary bed and a decrease in LV EF.
The
Objective
was to study our treatment experience for the past 50 years of patients with acute embolism of the aorta and main arteries of the limbs (EAMAL).
Methods and materials
. We analyzed our ...treatment experience of 3498 patients with EAMAL over the past 50 years, from 1971 to 2020. All patients were treated at a single department. It was one of the first vascular surgery departments established in St. Petersburg. All patients were admitted to our clinic in an emergency way, all of them received urgent angiosurgical care.
Results.
3091 (88.4 %) patients were operated on, in 2950 (95.4 %) cases the primary operation was revascularization (embolectomy), in 141 (4.6 %) – limb amputation. 2725 (77.9 %) patients were discharged from the hospital with a saved limb, another 160 (4.6 %) – after limb amputation, 614 (17.5 %) died. According to our findings, it was demonstrated that in recent decades there became significant changes in the ethiology of arterial embolism. Nowadays, 92.2 % of patients with EAMAL have atrial fibrillation as an independent disease or as a complication of another pathology. Over the past decades, the incidence of rheumatic heart disease as a direct cause of embolism has decreased by 8 times. Changes in the structure of embologenic diseases are associated primarily with an increase in the proportion of elderly and senile people suffering from severe concomitant diseases. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of patients with embolism of the distally located arteries, mainly of the brachial and popliteal arteries, and a decrease in the rate of embolism of the large arterial vessels – the aorta and iliac arteries. Modern approaches have made it possible to optimize treatment, stick to more aggressive tactics, improve surgical techniques, and thereby reduce the overall and postoperative mortality rate by more than 2 times, which is currently 9 % and 7.5 % respectively.
Conclusion
. Despite modern advances in vascular surgery, EAMAL remains the actual and complex problem of the health care system of St. Petersburg for the past 50 years.
β-Endorphin content in the extracellular space of rat cingulate cortex was measured using intravital microdialysis followed by ELISA. Intragastric administration of μ-opioid ligands loperamide and ...methylnaloxone not crossing the blood-brain barrier produced different effects on β-endorphin level: loperamide reduced and methylnaloxone signifi cantly increased the release of β-endorphin into the extracellular space of rat cingulate cortex. Emotional stress caused by immobilization resulted in slight increase in β-endorphin level in the cingulate cortex. Peripheral administration of loperamide (but not methylnaloxone) signifi cantly increased the release of the neuropeptide during stress. These fi ndings support our hypothesis of reciprocal interaction between the central and peripheral compartments of the endogenous opioid system and provide explanations for the anti-stress effects of loperamide.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity are studied in the range 4.2’300 K and Seebeck coefficient at room temperature of bulk samples of tungsten dichalcogenide polycrystals with ...niobium substitutions for tungsten and selenium substitutions for sulfur – W
1–
x
Nb
x
(S
1–
y
Se
y
)
2
. The two-dimensionalization of electron transport properties is detected at niobium concentrations
x
≥ 0.1 in W
1–
x
Nb
x
S
2
and
x
≥ 0.05 in W
1–
x
Nb
x
Se
2
. In samples with additional partial selenium substitution for sulfur the electron transport remains three-dimensional. At room temperature the Seebeck coefficient (at equal electrical conductivities) is several times higher in the samples with quasi-two-dimensional transport than in the samples with three-dimensional transport. The calculation of the power factor at room temperature shows its nine times increase.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Since the turn of the century, continuous bar-casting machines have been widely established, primarily at mini mills. The continuous bar-casting machines already in operation in Ukraine and Moldova ...are considered, along with the prospects for the construction of new mini mills and the expanded production of continuous-cast bar.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Variants of a hypothetical accident that includes the occurrence of a spontaneous chain reaction are examined. The pathways and intensity of radionuclide emission from a nuclear submarine into ...seawater are determined. The
137
Cs accumulation at the time of sinking is determined more accurately. The average and maximum
137
Cs emission for use in predicting the contamination of the marine environment in application to the object under study are determined.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The operating principle of immunochromatographic test systems is considered. It is noted that with the use of such tests an immunoassay is implemented as a sandwich method in the form of a direct ...dependence of the luminescence of test stripes on the concentration of the test substance or as a competitive method with an inverse dependence. An experimental procedure of obtaining such dependences, which is necessary for the construction of calibration curves, is set forth. Exponential expressions for arriving at an analytic description of the associated curves are proposed; moreover, the coefficients in these expressions are determined by the method of least squares. An analysis of the error of the method of calibration curves that may be used to obtain quantitative results of the analysis is presented.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
PDF
