Brazil has great potential to produce bioenergy since it is located in a tropical region that receives high incidence of solar energy and presents favorable climatic conditions for such purpose. ...However, the use of bioenergy in the country is below its productivity potential. The aim of the current study was to select full-sib progenies and families of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum S.) to optimize phenotypes relevant to bioenergy production through mixed models (REML/BLUP). The circulating diallel-based crossing of ten elephant grass genotypes was performed. An experimental design using the randomized block methodology, with three repetitions, was set to assess both the hybrids and the parents. Each plot comprised 14-m rows, 1.40 m spacing between rows, and 1.40 m spacing between plants. The number of tillers, plant height, culm diameter, fresh biomass production, dry biomass rate, and the dry biomass production were assessed. Genetic-statistical analyses were performed through mixed models (REML/BLUP). The genetic variance in the assessed families was explained through additive genetic effects and dominance genetic effects; the dominance variance was prevalent. Families such as Capim Cana D'África x Guaçu/I.Z.2, Cameroon x Cuba-115, CPAC x Cuba-115, Cameroon x Guaçu/I.Z.2, and IAC-Campinas x CPAC showed the highest dry biomass production. The family derived from the crossing between Cana D'África and Guaçu/I.Z.2 showed the largest number of potential individuals for traits such as plant height, culm diameter, fresh biomass production, dry biomass production, and dry biomass rate. The individual 5 in the family Cana D'África x Guaçu/I.Z.2, planted in blocks 1 and 2, showed the highest dry biomass production.
The selection of southern rust-resistant genotypes caused by Puccinia polysora (Pucciniaceae) is considered an efficient way to control this disease, which causes high crop losses in popcorn. To help ...choose adequate cultivars, we examined the combining ability of lines and the agronomic performance of popcorn hybrids for rust resistance. Eight S7 popcorn lines were used, which were crossed in a complete diallel mating scheme, resulting in 56 hybrids. The disease incidence on the whole plant (INC), severity on a leaf of the main ear (SEV), grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE) and volume of expanded popcorn per hectare (PV) were evaluated. Analysis of variance was performed and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott algorithm. The analysis diallel was performed by the method of Griffing, using the Diallel I method. The hybrids L76xP8, P8xL70, L77xP8, P8xP1 and L55xL76 stood out with a GY of >3000 kg.ha-1 and PE of >30 mL.g-1. For the traits GY and VP, the non-additive effects were predominant, and the heterosis effects high. For the trait expression of INC, SEV and PE, the additive effects were more relevant. The estimates of general combining ability of lines L70, L61, P1 and L76 were negative for INC and SEV. For commercial cultivation, L77xL76, L76xP1, L77xL70, L76xL70, L70xL76 and L77xP1 are recommended, in view of their excellent agronomic performance and superior resistance to rust.
In view of the narrow genetic base of popcorn, probably due to its evolution by selection from flint maize types alone, knowledge about genetic divergence is imperative for the formation of heterotic ...groups. Thus, our objective was to identify heterotic groups of popcorn lines; we did so by exploiting the representative genotype collection of the Active Popcorn Germplasm Bank of the State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro. Thirty-eight popcorn genotypes from different origins were analyzed by two methodologies to identify divergent groups. In the first method, the genotypic data were processed to determine the number of groups, based on Bayesian clustering algorithms, and two clustering methods (UPGMA and Ward), based on three genetic distance algorithms, weighted index, unweighted index, and an index of genetic distance or dissimilarity, proposed by Smouse and Peakall. The second methodology identified groups based on simultaneous use of morphoagronomic and molecular information and extracting the genetic distance matrix by the Gower algorithm, and later applying UPGMA and Ward clustering methods. The consistency of the clustering methods was evaluated by cophenetic correlation coefficients. The significance of these coefficients was examined by the Mantel test. There was significant genetic variability among corn popcorn accesses at morphological and molecular levels. There also was agreement between multivariate clustering techniques, mainly when using genotypic data provided by microsatellite markers. heterotic groups were identified; these were formed mainly according to the origin of each genotype and/or geographic origin. We found that there is sufficient heterosis to develop new cultivars.
Genetically improved cultivars of elephant grass need to be adapted to different ecosystems with a faster growth speed and lower seasonality of biomass production over the year. This study aimed to ...use selection indices using mixed models (REML/BLUP) for selecting families and progenies within full-sib families of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) for biomass production. One hundred and twenty full-sib progenies were assessed from 2014 to 2015 in a randomized block design with three replications. During this period, the traits dry matter production, the number of tillers, plant height, stem diameter, and neutral detergent fiber were assessed. Families 3 and 1 were the best classified, being the most indicated for selection effect. Progenies 40, 45, 46, and 49 got the first positions in the three indices assessed in the first cut. The gain for individual 40 was 161.76% using Mulamba and Mock index. The use of selection indices using mixed models is advantageous in elephant grass since they provide high gains with the selection, which are distributed among all the assessed traits in the most appropriate situation to breeding programs.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of tumor among men over 50 years old and its etiology includes environmental, demographic, and genetic risk factors. We investigated a possible ...association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, sociodemographic, and clinical factors with PCa in a population of southwestern Bahia, Brazil. The research used a case-control design and was carried out with 268 men aged 50 years or older (134 cases and 134 controls). The mean age was 74 years old (± 7.9) in the case group and 55 years old (± 4.3) in the control group. Polymorphisms were determined by multiplex PCR, followed by electrophoresis. The genotypic frequencies found were 0.45 for GSTM1 -/- (null), 0.55 for GSTM1 +/- or +/+ (non-null), 0.37 for GSTT1 -/- (null) and 0.62 for GSTT1 +/- or +/+ (non-null). The estimated allele frequencies were: GSTM1 - (null allele) 0.60 for the case group and 0.67 for the control group, and GSTT1 - (null allele) 0.49 for the case group and 0.65 for the control group. These polymorphisms were not significantly associated (P-values 0.68 and 0.21, respectively) with PCa. However, non-white ethnicity (self-reported), sexually transmitted infections, and cigarette consumption were significantly associated with PCa (P-value: 0.03, 0.05 and < 0.01 respectively). Vasectomy exhibited an inverse association (P-value < 0.01), thus behaving as a protective factor for PCa.
De acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) para cada ano, entre 2020 e 2022, são diagnosticados 10.810 novos casos de leucemias no Brasil. A leucemia mieloide aguda é um dos tipos mais ...comuns de leucemia em adultos, mas mesmo assim é bem rara. A leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) é uma doença caracterizada pela expansão clonal, heterogênea e progressiva, com proliferação anormal de células progenitoras da linhagem mieloide, associada à perda da capacidade de diferenciação, ocasionando produção insuficiente de células sanguíneas maduras normais, com consequente substituição do tecido normal. Acomete frequentemente idosos acima de 60 anos de idade e é rara em menores de 45 anos, representando cerca de 15% a 20% das leucemias agudas na infância e 80% nos adultos. A doença também pode ser manifestar com formas extramedulares, onde células leucêmicas saem da medula e se infiltram em outros tecidos, como a pele, gânglios e sistema nervoso, levando a um aumento da gravidade.
Paciente, 14 anos, masculino, foi diagnosticado com LMA com acometimento extramedular. Iniciou quadro com mialgia intensa em MMII, progredindo com paraparesia, sensibilidade tátil, térmica e dolorosa preservadas, além de retenção urinária, conferindo uma mielite torácica. RM de coluna evidenciou lesões expansivas extramedulares e extradurais desde o nível T3 até o nível T9. Hemograma apresentava anemia (Hb 9,9g/dl), leucócitos totais 26.700, segmentados 500, linfócitos 3200, blastos 76% e plaquetas 120.000. Realizado estudo de medula óssea que diagnosticou a leucemia mieloide aguda. O cariótipo era 45, X, -Y, t (8:21) (q22;q22), 9qh+c 18, 9qh+c 2. Paciente realizou radioterapia em região de coluna torácica e quimioterapia de indução “3+7”com remissão completa e DRM negativa. Sem doadores compatíveis na família, foi inscrito no REREME e seguiu com consolidação com ARA-C altas doses. Após o 4°ciclo de consolidação, paciente evoluiu com neutropenia febril secundária e pneumonia por COVID-19. Ficou internado por mais de 30 dias na UTI com piora do status performance e dificuldade de seguir tratamento da leucemia pela complicação clínica, apresentando recidiva da doença extra e intra-medular, evoluindo para óbito.
Neste caso o paciente abriu o quadro clínico com sintomas neurológicos sugestivos de mielite de causa desconhecida, após realização de RNM foi identificado lesão expansiva comprimido coluna torácica. Assim, feito o diagnóstico de LMA com acometimento extramedular pelo hemograma e estudo de medula óssea. LMA com sarcoma granulocítico é uma doença de pior prognóstico, com necessidade de tratamento intensivo e transplante de medula óssea alogênico. Nosso paciente acabou recidivando a doença antes do transplante devido complicação infecciosa por neutropenia febril secundária a pneumonia viral (COVID), evoluindo para óbito.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To compare the efficacy of a new dentifrice containing 1.5% arginine and 1450ppm fluoride to a positive control dentifrice containing 1450ppm fluoride alone in arresting and reversing primary root ...caries lesions in adults.
A total of 3779 subjects from Piracicaba, Säo Paulo, Brazil were screened; 284 had at least one leathery primary root caries lesion and were eligible for the study. The new dentifrice contained 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound, and 1450ppm fluoride, as sodium monofluorophosphate; the matched positive control dentifrice contained 1450ppm fluoride. One lesion for each subject was selected for inclusion in the study and was examined at baseline, 3 and 6 months.
A total of 253 subjects completed the study with 129 of 144 subjects included in the final statistical analysis for the test dentifrice and 124 of 140 for the positive control. The mean age of subjects was 45.7 (±9.19) years and 56.5% were female. After 6 months product use, 70.5% of root caries lesions improved for subjects using the arginine-containing dentifrice compared to 58.1% for subjects using the positive control. The difference in the number of root caries lesions becoming hard in the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.038).
A new dentifrice containing 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound, and 1450ppm fluoride, as sodium monofluorophosphate, provided statistically significantly superior efficacy in arresting and reversing active root caries lesions in adults compared to a matched positive control dentifrice containing fluoride alone.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF
