Apart from a brief overview of architectural communication viewed from the
standpoint of theory of information and semiotics, this paper contains two
forms of dualistically viewed architectural ...communication. The duality
denotation/connotation (?primary? and ?secondary? architectural
communication) is one of semiotic postulates taken from Umberto Eco who
viewed architectural communication as a semiotic phenomenon. In addition,
architectural communication can be viewed as an intra and an extra activity
of architecture where the overall activity of the edifice performed through
its spatial manifestation may be understood as an act of communication. In
that respect, the activity may be perceived as the ?behavior of
architecture?, which corresponds to Lefebvre?s production of space.
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The fact that people spend a major part of their lifetime indoors, together with the lethal COVID-19 pandemic which caused people to spend even more time inside buildings, has drawn attention to the ...significance of achieving Agenda 2030 SD goal number three: good health and well-being, in reference to the indoor environment. The research subject is the health and well-being of building users explored through the sustainable (passive) design principles having an impact on the comfort and quality of the indoor environment. It is set within a regenerative sustainability framework encompassing the physiological, biophilic, psychological and social aspects of comfort. The Comfort Assessment Model’s categories, to some extent, rely on the first author’s doctoral thesis, with further modifications regarding the passive design criteria and indicators. A comparative analysis of the model with international sustainability certification (rating) systems has been performed, proving the significance of introducing more passive design comfort (health) related criteria into sustainability assessment models. In addition, a focus group of expert architects contributed to the research conclusions by responding to a questionnaire addressing the issues of sustainability, comfort and passive design, in terms of the health and well-being of building users, which confirmed the relevance of applied passive design measures for providing comfort indoors and fulfilling sustainable development goals.
The concept of sustainable cities and communities is endorsed as one of the seventeen goals of sustainable development. Since buildings represent an essential element of the city, they play a primary ...role in achieving the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of cities. Previous studies have pointed to the lack of emphasis on the social aspect of buildings. Aiming to fill the gap, this research is focused on identifying barriers that hinder the adoption of social sustainability (SS) measures and practices in residential buildings, as a first step in overcoming these barriers and enabling faster achievement of SS goals. The initial platform of barriers was derived from a comprehensive review of the published literature, international reports, and green building rating systems. For the selection of critical barriers, the Delphi method was used with the participation of 60 international experts. Of 58 barriers initially identified from the literature and experts’ suggestions, 29 were selected as important and classified into five groups. Further, in each of these groups three barriers were singled out, the overcoming of which would facilitate and speed up buildings’ SS to the greatest extent. These results provide insight into barriers to SS for policy makers, developers, and planners, invite further studies on this topic, and provide a starting point for other researchers to identify the most relevant barriers in different contexts, i.e., countries and regions with their specific characteristics. This will further create the conditions for the elimination of barriers to SS by focusing on the most critical issues.
Reconstruction of the Cultural Center in the Old Town of Kotor designed by Zdravko Moslavac represents an artful urban-architectural synthesis of ”the new inside the old”. The analysis of this ...accomplishment contributes to the overall research and understanding of the creative body of work of the architect Moslavac and of works of Croatian architects in Montenegro, as well as of the ever popular phenomenon of architectural interpolation.
Projekt rekonstrukcije Kulturnoga centra u Starom gradu Kotora djelo je arhitekta Zdravka Moslavca. Ono predstavlja umjetničku urbanističko-arhitektonsku sintezu „novoga unutar staroga”. Analiza ovoga ostvarenja pridonosi cjelokupnom istraživanju i razumijevanju kreativnog opusa arhitekta Moslavca i djelatnosti hrvatskih arhitekata u
Crnoj Gori, kao i uvijek aktualnog fenomena interpolacija u arhitekturi.
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Keywords: evolution; creation; cultural landscape; dwelling; natural processes. 1.Introduction Vernacular architecture as an act of creation by unknown man The topic of the paper is the reach of ...vernacular architecture, which is a reflection of man's aspiration to create conditions for existence in nature and to improve the conditions of his life by continually unconscious architecture. Describing vases, Le Corbusier speaks of a person's innate aesthetic sense to connect line, colour, abstract performances, aesthetic values, and unconsciously create a work of art, relying on the inner intuition and creative force that exists in each person, as well as the innate sense of harmony, because in the end, man himself is a product of natural harmony, "The peasants' art is an astonishing creation of aesthetic sensuality.'" (Le Corbusier, 2008) If we would talk about successful architecture of peasants, we would find a certain principle in the method of multiplication, a certain repetition of the adopted model of a house for a certain environment, whereby the thinking manbuilder would notice the defects of a certain model and during the next construction he would eliminate the deficiencies and refine the model until he unconsciously reaches the level of architectural realization, striving exclusively to creating a safe existential space. The patterns humans impose on the earth, purposefully as well as inadvertently, through land-use change are fundamental determinants of local, regional, and global ecological processes that ultimately influence the sustainability of both biological and cultural landscapes, and thus human quality of life. In the book by Zvonko Pad strok signan, Architecture of Nature, the problem of the act of creating living spaces from prokaryotes to chimpanzees, that is, from organisms without a functional nucleus to organisms that are at the very top of evolutionary development, is meticulously discussed.
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Over the recent decades, the concept of social sustainability (SS) has been increasingly recognized as a key component of sustainable development incorporated in sustainable communities’ agendas. ...However, SS measures and practices have been insufficiently applied and underrepresented with regard to residential buildings. The aim of this paper is to employ experts’ perspectives to identify interdisciplinary, multilevel strategies/drivers for the integration of SS measures and practices into governmental and operational activities in relation to residential buildings. The selected strategies emerged from a detailed literature review and a two-round Delphi survey collecting responses from an expert panel, which were carried out in order to determine the relevancy of the proposed strategies. Of the 38 preselected strategies, 32 were deemed significant. In addition to a number of relevant strategies, the panelists especially recommended disseminating new concepts of growth that would contribute to breaking the link between materialism and social progress and to the adoption of new ways of life characterized by a more harmonious and healthy coexistence of people and the environment. They also suggested a gradual introduction of SS principles into value systems and their implementation in all aspects of personal and social life as an essential precondition for achieving the goals of sustainable development on a large scale. These results lay the groundwork for the incorporation and development of SS strategies by policy makers, developers, and planners and provide a starting point that will allow other researchers to identify the most relevant strategies in different contexts, i.e., countries and regions with their specific characteristics, which will further create the conditions for the more efficient implementation of SS measures and practices and contribute to the fulfilment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The subject of this paper is architectural heritage of the former Socialist Republic of Montenegro (SR Montenegro) in the period between 1945 and 1980, with particular emphasis on the role of stone ...in modern architecture . Stone, as a primordial building and design material, is present in post-war modernist Yugoslav architecture, especially during the first decades, the 50s and 60s of the 20 th century. It establishes the continuity of construction, which in Montenegro has two fundamental links: the first is the connection with the vernacular principles of construction in the dry, rugged Mediterranean landscape that extends all the way to the central part of Montenegro, and the second is the connection with the beginnings of the modernist architectural idiom in Montenegro in the interwar period when stone was used mainly in a classical, academic manner . While the paper sheds the light on a hidden part of a very fruitful but neglected architectural heritage, standing in sharp contrast with today’s trends of neo-liberal design practices in the country, it also aims to discern an intrinsic influence of the Mediterranean ethos on the architectural and urban developments on the southern and central region of Montenegro. Although most of the addressed buildings are part of the urban context, the imprints of the Montenegrin landscape, with stone being its dominant characteristic and a certain kind of national demarcation present through its authentic use, create recognizable genius loci . Finally, while deconstructing this phenomenon, the paper will help to communicate the process of retreat with respect to the wider tendencies of European architectural currents of the 20 th century.
The industrial development of cities in former Yugoslavia (SFRY), especially typical for the first three decades following World War II, was considerably declining during the 1980s and almost totally ...came to a halt over the 1990s. The dissolution of SFRY, armed conflicts, embargo and transition processes shifted, among other things, the focus of regional economy. In parallel with those processes, the global rise of IT and digital technologies resulted in boosting development of tertiary activities, which has derived different forms of deindustrialisation and the beginning of the so-called information, i.e. post-industrial era. In Montenegro as well, most of the former industrial activities were suspended. There have been various strategies for repurposing that most frequently do not recognise the potential of those spaces as industrial heritage, so industrial structures are in most cases fully or partly removed and substituted by new facilities. This is the case with nearly all the cities in the territory of Montenegro, while the characteristic spatial scenarios are notable in Podgorica, Cetinje, Berane and Tivat. A special importance is attached to the spatial transformation of the previous naval base Arsenal in Tivat, which commenced in 2007 following the process of privatisation. When this large and significant spatial transformation was presented at the 11th International Architecture Exhibition in Venice 2008 through the project named "From Arsenal to Porto Montenegro", the process only began. Nowadays, Porto Montenegro in Tivat is largely recognised as a significant Mediterranean nautical tourist destination.
With the advent of Modernism in the early 20th century, openness, transparency, transformability, polyvalence, lightness became features of the new architecture. These changes are particularly ...noticeable when regarding spatial boundaries both within the building and between the architectural object and the surroundings, which became more porous. While Frank Lloyd Wright’s “destruction of the box” prompted the emancipation of the interior space of the house on the horizontal plane, Adolf Loos’s Raumplan is one of the triggers for the vertical liberation of the interior by linking spaces at various levels, with open terraces and flat concrete roofs, which he considered to be the greatest architectonic discovery since the dawn of the world. Through Le Corbusier’s five points and the raising of the house on pilotis, the space beneath the house also became available and, at the same time, the model of the “machine house” became some sort of a “generic design.” Through these and other conceptual and technical breakthroughs, new relations were established between the interior of a building and its environment, either expanding it vertically towards the sky, or opening the building through a more permeable ground floor. As a consequence, it may be argued that architecture started to connect differently with its surroundings, gradually shifting from its established reserved character towards extroversion.
Dosad znanstveno neobrađeni stambeni neboderi arhitekta Stanka Fabrisa izgrađeni u Podgorici dio su njegovih realizacija s početka 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Prvi neboderi u ovome gradu i Crnoj Gori ...- dominantni u ortogonalnoj matrici, s nizom funkcionalnih, oblikovnih i tehničko-tehnoloških inovacija zauzimaju posebno mjesto u urbanoj morfologiji i tipologiji kolektivnoga stanovanja na ovim prostorima, ali i u Fabrisovu arhitektonskom opusu.
So far scientifically unexplored, residential skyscrapers by architect Stanko Fabris in Podgorica, represent a part of his realisations from the early 1960s. As first skyscrapers built in this town and in Montenegro, with a series of functional, design and technical-technological innovations, they hold a special place in the urban morphology and typology of collective housing in Podgorica, as well as in Fabris’s architectural body of work.
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