This two-year study assessed nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its effect on potato tuber protein concentration, focusing on crude protein concentration (CPC), crude protein yield (CPY), and patatin ...relative abundance (PRA) across 19 potato genotypes and four nitrogen management treatments (organic with no added fertilizers and three integrated treatments with N rates of 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1). Nitrogen availability significantly affected CPC, with the highest average CPC across genotypes being 10.7% at 180 kg ha−1 and the lowest of 8.15% at 60 kg ha−1. Certain genotypes consistently outperformed others in terms of CPC and/or CPY under varying nitrogen treatments. A significant negative correlation was found between CPC and NUE, and genotypes with higher NUE typically had lower CPC. A positive correlation between CPY and NUE was observed, with the highest CPY of 1.36 t ha−1 at 120 kg N ha−1 in 2020. This suggests that higher NUE genotypes are more efficient in protein production per unit area. PRA varied significantly among genotypes, ranging from 8.7% to 35.51%. Although the relationship between NUE and PRA was weak, the significant and negative correlation indicates that cultivars with high NUE could have low PRA and vice versa. The findings underscore the importance of genotype variability in the relationship between NUE and protein content in potato tubers.
Multilocation testing remains the main tool for understanding varietal responses to the environment. Here, Latvian and Norwegian hull-less and hulled barley varieties were tested in field experiments ...in Latvia and Norway in order to assess the varieties adaptability across environments (sites). Two Latvian (cv Irbe and cv Kornelija) and one Norwegian hull-less barley variety (cv Pihl) were tested along with one Latvian (cv Rubiola) and one Norwegian hulled barley variety (cv Tyra) under conventional and organic management systems. The grain yield, together with physical and chemical grain parameters were compared, and variety yield and protein stability determined. Overall, grain yield of hull-less barley varieties was significantly lower than for hulled barley varieties regardless of climatic conditions and management system. However, in the organic farming systems this difference between barley types was less pronounced. The hull-less barley varieties cv Pihl and cv Irbe, along with both hulled varieties, had good yield stability across environments and were well adapted to both cropping systems. Hull-less barley varieties tended to contain more protein and β -glucans than hulled barley varieties. Despite being bred for local conditions in Norway and Latvia, our study shows that all the varieties used may be successfully transferred across countries.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
By developing new varieties suitable for the production of healthy products, given the greater consumer and manufacturer focus on the functional ingredients and nutritional properties of barley, new ...opportunities to incorporate barley into human foods are created. Therefore, the aim of investigation was to analyze grain composition of barley varieties and perspective breeding lines bred in Latvia and to evaluate its functional ingredients depending on varieties, year and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The content of protein, starch, β-glucans, total dietary fiber, composition of amino acids and α-tocopherol were determined in the studied samples. The results of two-year analysis showed that the protein content in barley grain samples ranged from 10.5 to 13.9%, total dietary fiber – from 18.74 to 20.82%, but the content of β-glucans ranged from 3.44 to 4.97%. The content of α-tocopherol was determined to range from 7.21 to 8.58 mg/kg, and the sum of essential amino acids – from 31.5 to 38.9 g/kg. Although covered barley varieties demonstrated a higher content of such functional ingredients as α-tocopherol, total dietary fiber and β-glucans, naked barley grains had a higher protein content, the sum of essential amino acids, and, particularly lysine, was not far behind the content recommended by nutrition experts.
Since plant protein is generally accepted as sustainable and environmentally friendly, production of new plant protein-based products is expanding and a raw material is diversified to ensure a ...high-value and complete meal. The objective of the study was to compare chemical composition and amino acid provision of pea-buckwheat, pea-barley and pea-oat extruded mixtures with the aim to look for new products to diversify diet using the best plant protein resources. Within the research, amino acid scores of hull-less barley, buckwheat, hull-less oat and grey pea as an indicator of raw material protein quality were evaluated. The highest scores of essential amino acids were found in oat and pea protein. Amino acid scoring patterns of raw material – oat ‘Stendes Emilija’ and grey pea ‘Bruno’ fully meet the requirements for essential amino acid supply. The protein of buckwheat is the richest in lysine (4.3 g 100g
protein) among studied cereals, although the difference in the essential amino acids was not significant. The results of the research showed that pea-barley and pea-buckwheat composite mixtures meet human needs better if pea protein is used in the proportion 65:35 with barley or buckwheat flour than in the proportion 35:65. The high protein content – 43.33% and 43.96%, the sum and composition of essential amino acids, and high level of total dietary fibre – 11.9% and 13.7% are the main reasons to consider the mixtures (including as a base for smoothies) as a complete meal.
Climatic conditions for soybean cultivation in Latvia are challenging because of their variability. In addition, the sum of sunlight hours and the ratio of temperature and precipitation required to ...produce a quality crop are unpredictable. There is a risk that even early soybean varieties will not ripen due to weather conditions in a region. Studies show that soybean plants, including the green part of the crop, are well suited for animal nutrition prepared as hay or silage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of different soybean varieties harvested before ripening and assess them as hay or silage raw material. Weight, protein, fat, ash, fibre, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of soybean varieties ‘Erica’, ‘Bolgar’ and ‘Viola’ green mass were determined at different stages of maturity. The results of the study showed a significant increase in protein (from 9.18% to 12.06%) and fat (from 1.18% to 4.40%) content of the dry matter variety ‘Bolgar’ from September to October. The protein content of the dry soya green mass was not affected by variety at the same developing stage but significantly changed among different stages of maturity. As the plant develops, the sucrose content in the green mass increases, the same as the total sugar content.
Nutrition Value of Wild Animal Meat Strazdina, Vita; Jemeljanovs, Aleksandrs; Sterna, Vita
Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, Natural Sciences,
11/2013, Volume:
67, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
One of the most valuable foods is meat, due its nutritional value, largely determined by the essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, etc. At the same time, concern needs to be given ...to health of consumers by used products with less calories, which can be ensured by greater variety of game animals, including also deer grown in captivity. The aim of our investigation was to compare the nutrition value of elk, wild deer, farm deer, roe deer, and wild boar that were killed during hunting in Latvia. Meat samples (m. logissimus lumborum) were collected in the autumn- winter season. The results of the conducted research suggest that game meat samples have higher protein and essential fatty acid content in comparison with domestic animals. The amount of fat in all analysed samples did not differ greatly, although the fatty acid content in wild game meat differed significantly. The fatty acid profile was used to calculate the atherogenicity index (AI), which has a positive correlation with the risk of cardiovascular disorders. The formula AI = C12 : 0 + (C14 : 0 × 4) + C16 : 0 / (Total unsaturated fatty acids) was used to calculate the ratio of total saturated fatty acids, ω-6 and ω-3. Regarding the microelement content of meat there were great differences in iron and manganese concentration among animals.
Rakstā analizēts viens no vērtīgākajiem pārtikas produktiem - gaļa, tās uzturvērtību nosaka neaizstājamās aminoskābes, taukskābes, vitamīni, minerālvielas. Darba mērķis bija salīdzināt uzturvērtību nomedītu savvaļas dzīvnieku - aļņu, savvaļas briežu, audzētavās audzētu briežu, stirnu, mežacūku un mājdzīvnieku - ar liellopu un cūku gaļas paraugiem (pētījumā tika izmantoti gaļas paraugi no muguras garā muskuļa (m. logissimus lumborum)). Veikto pētījumu rezultāti liecina, ka savvaļas dzīvnieku gaļas paraugi, salīdzinājumā ar mājdzīvnieku gaļu, ir ar augstāku olbaltumvielu un būtiski vērtīgāku taukskābju sastāvu. Savvaļā nomedītu aļņu, briežu, stirnu un mežacūku gaļa var lieliski papildināt un dažādot ikdienas gaļas sortimentu, saskaņā ar pašreizējiem veselīga uztura ieteikumiem - zemu tauku un augstu neaizvietojamo aminoskābju saturu. Visi medījuma gaļas veidi ir lielisks mikroelementu avots.
Potato proteins contains essential amino acids in considerably high concentration, therefore potatoes are considered to be one of the most valuable plant origin food for human consumption. Patatin ...forms one of the largest group of potato proteins with high potential to be used in food industry as a novel food. This study has been performed to approbate patatin determination method for evaluation of protein quality of potato genotypes, as well as evaluate patatin relative abundance (PRA) for breeding programmes to create in the future potato cultivars with higher value and potential to develop new products.
The evaluation of patatin was performed in following steps– extraction proteins from potato, determination of patatin concentration and calculation of its relative abundance in proteins. Separation of patatin from potato tubers was made using extraction by SDS extraction buffer and determination of patatin in organically and conventionally (with differnt N suply) grown samples of 20 potato genotypes. The results of one-year study showed that patatin relative abundance of different cultivars varied from 1.65% to 50.2% and it was significantly different among genotypes. The nitrogen content of soil and maturity type of potato did not affect PRA significantly. Results provide impetus for further research.
The study reported in this Research Communication compared retail milks’ FA profiles from two neighbouring countries, estimated the potential contributions of these milks and a designer milk ...(achieved by changing the diet of the dairy cow) to the recommended human dietary intake of FA, and predicted (based on the milk FA profile) methane emission from dairy cows. Retail milks in Estonia and Latvia were purchased from supermarkets monthly for one year. To compare the FA composition of retail milk with designer milk with an increased PUFA content, the bulk milk FA profile from a separate field trial was used. Milk FA concentrations of the two neighbouring countries were affected by state, season and their interaction, while the main influence on all these factors were different feeding practices (grazing availability, forage to concentrate ratio and legume-rich silages vs. maize silages). Three cups (600 mL; fat content 2·5 g/100 g) of Estonian, or Latvian retail milk or designer milk per day contributed more to the recommended intakes of saturated FA (SFA) (42·5, 42·7, 38·7%, respectively) than other FA. Compared to the retail milks, α-linolenic acid estimated intake was almost doubled by designer milk consumption (19·7% of adequate intake) without influencing summed intakes of SFA and trans FA. There were state and seasonal differences in the predicted methane outputs of dairy cattle based on retail milk FA. Although the FA profiles of retail milks in the two neighbouring countries were affected by state and season, an appreciable increase in human dietary intakes of beneficial fatty acids from milk, and concomitant reduction in methane emissions from dairy cows, can be achieved only by targeted feeding.
Wheat is one of the major grains in the diet of the world’s population and thereforeit may have a great impact on human health. The yield and chemical compositionof grains can vary greatly due to ...genetic and environmental factors. The aim of thepresent study was to assess how different climatic conditions affect the chemicalcomposition of wheat grains of the same genotipe. The field trials were establishedin Stende (Latvia) and at Apelsvoll (Norway). Wheat varieties used were ‘Edvins’,‘Ellvis’ and ‘Skagen’ In the studied samples the content of protein, amino acids,1000 grain weight, hectolitre weight and falling number were determined. Theprotein content in the grains ranged from 8.9% to 11.8% in organic fields and from10.0 to 13.1% in conventional fields and differed between the varieties. The proteincontent in the samples of the same variety differed significantly due toenvironmental conditions. The difference in protein content was greater in theorganic fields. The 1000 kernel weight in the wheat grain samples varied from 39.9to 49.2 and depended on the variety and the growing place. The ratio of essentialamino acids to the total content of amino acids (in %) ranged from 30.8 to 33.3% inthe conventional growing system and from 30.5 to 32.9% in the organic growingsystem. Significant difference between the varieties was not detected.
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