There are still Christians who contrast the relationship between apologetics and the proclamation of the Gospel and the role between common sense and faith in these two fields. This paper was ...intended to study the relationship between apologetics and evangelization, as well as to look up the significance of the role of common sense and faith in the effective task of apology and evangelization. This discussion used a literature study approach that was descriptive-analytic presented. In this discussion, it could be concluded that apologetics and evangelization are God’s mandates which are absolutely fulfilled by every believer whenever and wherever they are. Meanwhile, common sense and faith are two different but not contradictory things where both have their respective places and roles in the practice of apologetics and evangelization. Without common sense and faith, the practice of apologetics and evangelization cannot be carried out effectively.Abstrak. Dijumpai masih ada orang Kristen yang mempertentangkan apologetika dengan pewartaan Injil dan peran antara akal dan iman di dalam kedua bidang tersebut. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji relasi apologetika dan pewartaan Injil, serta signifikansi peran akal budi dan iman di dalam tugas berapologia dan pewartaan Injil secara efektif. Kajian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur yang disajikan secara deskriptif-analitif. Melalui kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa apologetika dan pewartaan Injil merupakan mandat Tuhan yang sifatnya mutlak ditunaikan bagi setiap orang percaya kapan pun dan di mana pun berada. Sedangkan akal budi dan iman adalah dua hal yang berbeda tetapi tidak saling bertentangan, di mana keduanya memiliki tempat dan perannya masing-masing dalam praktik berapologetika dan pewartaan Injil. Tanpa akal budi dan iman, maka praktik apologetika dan pewartaan Injil tidak dapat terlaksana dengan efektif.
This article was a biblical analysis of the awareness of God through suffering in the book of Job chapter 1 and 2. The subject’s very important to be reviewed in considering the context of the ...suffering of believers at present. The aim of this biblical analysis was not only touching theological dimension, but ultimately to change the hypothetical into the realm of practical life, where suffering believers could gain the power of faith. The research method used in this study was the method of narrative analysis or narrative criticism of Job chapter 1 and 2. Through this study it could be concluded that God is sovereign over everything and no incident happens by chance, but there is a plan of God in it. Therefore, reflecting on Job's experience, it is important to carry out self-reflection as well as surrender so that in the end it does not experience despair in the midst of suffering.Abstrak. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah analisis biblikal tentang kesadaran akan Allah melalui penderitaan di dalam kitab Ayub pasal 1 dan 2. Pokok bahasan ini sangat penting untuk dikaji kembali dengan mempertimbangkan konteks penderitaan orang percaya di masa kini. Tujuan analisis biblikal ini diharapkan tidak hanya menyentuh dimensi teologis, tetapi pada akhirnya mengubah yang hipotetis ke dalam lingkup kehidupan praktis, di mana orang-orang percaya yang menderita dapat beroleh kekuatan iman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode analisis naratif atau kritik naratif terhadap Ayub pasal 1 dan 2. Melalui kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Allah berdaulat atas segala sesuatu dan tidak ada peristiwa yang terjadi secara kebetulan, tapi ada rencana Tuhan di dalamnya. Oleh karenanya, bercermin dari pengalaman Ayub tersebut, penting melakukan refleksi diri dan sekaligus penyerahan diri sehingga pada akhirnya tidak mengalami keputusasaan di tengah penderitaan.
The purpose of the analysis of the rhetorical question in Job 40: 1-28 is to look at theological and practical implications. Theologically: 1) Everything under God's control. Including Job with all ...the agonizing suffering he experienced remained under God's control; 2) Keep believing in God even if you do not feel His physical presence; 3) Behind the suffering of the righteous man is the divine will of God. God never allows anything to happen to believers, without God's purpose in it. In suffering there is God's gracious will, in God's will, there is His grace. So believers can reach His great purpose and plan. Practically: 1) God is big, strong and we are small, weak. Let believers keep giving thanks to God even in suffering, then pray (ask) to God for strengthening us when we face the tests of faith; 2) Live honestly and humbly. Do not despise or judge a person for not having the spiritual experience that Ayub once experienced. For the Lord opposes the proud and the pity of the humble; 3) Rely completely on God. In both temptation and suffering, there is nothing better that believers can do than always depend entirely on God.Abstrak. Tujuan analisis pertanyaan retorika dalam Ayub 40:1-28 ini adalah untuk melihat implikasi teologis dan praktis. Secara teologis: 1) Segala sesuatu di bawah penguasaan dan kendali Tuhan. Termasuk juga Ayub dengan segala penderitaan berat yang dialaminya tetap berada di bawah penguasaan dan kendali Tuhan; 2) Tetaplah percaya pada Tuhan walau tidak merasakan kehadiran-Nya secara fisik ; 3) Di balik penderitaan orang saleh terkandung kehendak Allah yang rahmani. Tuhan tidak pernah mengizinkan sesuatu menimpa orang percaya, tanpa maksud Tuhan di dalamnya. Di dalam penderitaan ada kehendak Tuhan yang rahmani, di dalam kehendak Tuhan ada anugerah-Nya, sehingga orang percaya bisa mencapai maksud dan rencana-Nya yang agung. Secara praktis: 1) Tuhan itu besar, kuat dan manusia kecil, lemah. Hendaklah orang percaya tetap bersyukur kepada Tuhan sekalipun dalam penderitaan dan berdoalah (mintalah) kepada Tuhan agar Ia menguatkan saat-saat menghadapi ujian-ujian iman; 2) Hiduplah jujur dan rendah hati. Janganlah memandang rendah atau menghakimi seseorang karena tidak memiliki pengalaman rohani seperti yang dialaminya. Sebab Tuhan menentang orang sombong dan mengasihani orang yang rendah hati; 3) Bergantunglah sepenuhnya kepada Allah. Dalam pencobaan maupun penderitaan, tidak ada yang lebih baik yang dapat dilakukan orang percaya selain bergantung sepenuhnya kepada Allah.
The term spiritual formation has been widely used in many Christian contexts both within the family, school and church. This literature study will focus on explaining the concept of Christian ...character education based on spiritual formation. This article offers spiritual formation as a more relevant approach in building Christian character. Through this study, it was found that Christian character education can only be achieved through the application of spiritual formations both individually and in groups. Therefore, Christian educational institutions must emphasis on spiritual development efforts in character education. Spiritual formation will be able to transform the inner life so as to form a Christ-like character.Abstrak. Istilah formasi rohani telah banyak digunakan dalam banyak konteks Kristen baik dalam lingkup keluarga, sekolah maupun gereja. Tinjauan pustaka ini akan fokus pada penjelasan mengenai konsep pendidikan karakter Kristen yang berbasiskan atas formasi rohani. Artikel ini menawarkan formasi rohani sebagai pendekatan yang lebih relevan untuk membangun karakter Kristen. Melalui kajian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa pendidikan karakter Kristen hanya dapat dicapai melalui penerapan formasi rohani baik secara individu maupun kelompok. Oleh karena itu, lembaga pendidikan Kristen harus lebih menitikberatkan upaya-upaya pembinaan rohani dalam pendidikan karakter. Formasi rohani akan mampu mentransformasi kehidupan batiniah sehingga membentuk karakter seperti Kristus.
This article is intended to study transformational leadership in the praxis of Christian leadership. Paul’s leadership is one example of transformative Christian leadership. The results of the ...interpretation of 2 Timothy 3:10 showed that the pattern of transformational leadership presented by Paul includes two aspects, namely teaching and way of life. Paul lives what he teaches so that his leadership transforms the lives of his followers and becomes a role model for his followers. Thus, transformational Christian leadership is a leadership where a leader is willing to learn continually, broaden thoughts and world views, and then live it in the praxis of daily life.Abstrak. Artikel ini akan mengkaji kepemimpinan transformasional dalam praksis kepemimpinan Kristen. Kepemimpinan Paulus merupakan salah satu contoh kepemimpinan Kristen yang transformatif. Hasil interpretasi terhadap teks 2 Timotius 3:10 ditemukan bahwa pola kepemimpinan transformasional yang dipresentasikan Paulus mencakup dua aspek yaitu pengajaran dan cara hidup. Paulus menghidupi apa yang diajarkannya sehingga kepemimpinannya mentransformasi kehidupan pengikutnya dan menjadi panutan pengikutnya. Dengan demikian, kepemimpinan Kristen transformasional adalah kepemimpinan di mana seorang pemimpin mau untuk terus belajar, memperluas pikiran dan pandangan, dan kemudian menghidupinya dalam praksis hidup sehari-hari.
The relationship between the church and the world, the task of preaching the gospel and social care are still hot topics of discussion today. The purpose of raising this topic is so that the church ...can be reminded of the correct paradigm regarding the double mandate commanded by Jesus Christ the Head of the church in Matthew 28:19-20 and Matthew 22:34-40. The church's paradigm regarding the two mandates invariably influences and determines the practice of church life in its daily form. To describe the subject of this discussion, the author used a qualitative approach based on a literature study in which a range of relevant books and scientific academic articles were investigated and considered after which descriptive conclusions could be drawn. The results of the study indicate that Jesus through the mandate of evangelism, becomes an agent of spiritual transformation which ultimately results in needed social transformation. The mission of God is then for all of us to be involved in the spiritual elements of life and in considering the afterlife and of course also in striving to make the world a better place for all.
In faith and practice, Pentecostals put emphasis on practical issues as well as spiritual experience in their theological understanding and doctrinal teachings. The Pentecostals take their doctrine ...from certain empirical events. One of the spiritual experiences often underlined is the baptism of the Holy Spirit. In interpreting the Book of Acts, Pentecostals tend to emphasise the theological character of the narratives and seldom their historical uniqueness. That is why Pentecostals stress the normative theological intent of the historical record for contemporary Christian experience. This article therefore examines critically Pentecostal paradigm of the baptism of the Holy Spirit, deriving examples from the Acts of the Apostles. It is concluded that the practice of the baptism of the Holy Spirit carried out by Christians today, arguably, has no biblical basis. This is because, there is nowhere the Bible commands people to seek baptism in the Holy Spirit. The observation is that, all the events or experiences of Christians baptised in the Holy Spirit in Acts are not necessarily universal normative for every Christian and for this reason, there is no need to be dogmatic.Contribution: This article challenges the practice of the baptism of the Holy Spirit in church today. This study supports the fact that the baptism of the Holy Spirit is not a universal experience for every Christians and there is no need to be dogmatised.
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The Bible records many texts dealing with the subject of healing the body. This study uses a literature approach by digging sources from journal articles and books and then analyzing them using the ...Bible to produce in-depth and comprehensive theological conclusions. The conclusion of this study shows that healing of the body can occur through natural healing, medical healing, and divine healing miracles or miracles. The implication is theological; Christians may believe that miracle healing still exists and can pray to God so that healing that comes from Him can be experienced now. And the practical implication is that Christians must still be responsible for taking care of their bodies' health proportionally because their bodies are the temple of God.
Artikel ini hendak membaca makna perkawinan campur anak-anak Allah di dalam teks Kejadian 6:1-4 melalui tafsir peshat. Pendekatan tafsir ini adalah salah satu metode hermenetik Yahudi tradisional. ...Diharapkan, dengan pendekatan ini, dapat diperoleh penjelasan lebih mendalam mengenai konteks perkawinan masa itu sehingga ikut memicu dan menyebabkan “Allah menyesal.” Keturunan yang dihasilkan dari perkawinan itu menciptakan gen campuran antara anak-anak Allah dan anak-anak perempuan manusia. Diperoleh hasil bahwa anak-anak Allah yang dimaksud di dalam teks ternyata keturunan saleh dari Set, salah satu anak Nuh dan menikah dengan perempuan yang tidak saleh dari keturunan Kain. Perkawinan yang hanya ditentukan berdasarkan keinginan diri sendiri dan tidak memenuhi unsur kehendak Allah, maka orang tersebut sudah dapat dipastikan akan berjalan dalam ketidaktaatan kepada Allah, dan akan terus hidup dalam keadaannya sebagai manusia berdosa.
In faith and practice, Pentecostals put emphasis on practical issues as well as spiritual experience in their theological understanding and doctrinal teachings. The Pentecostals take their doctrine ...from certain empirical events. One of the spiritual experiences often underlined is the baptism of the Holy Spirit. In interpreting the Book of Acts, Pentecostals tend to emphasise the theological character of the narratives and seldom their historical uniqueness. That is why Pentecostals stress the normative theological intent of the historical record for contemporary Christian experience. This article therefore examines critically Pentecostal paradigm of the baptism of the Holy Spirit, deriving examples from the Acts of the Apostles. It is concluded that the practice of the baptism of the Holy Spirit carried out by Christians today, arguably, has no biblical basis. This is because, there is nowhere the Bible commands people to seek baptism in the Holy Spirit. The observation is that, all the events or experiences of Christians baptised in the Holy Spirit in Acts are not necessarily universal normative for every Christian and for this reason, there is no need to be dogmatic.Contribution This article challenges the practice of the baptism of the Holy Spirit in church today. This study supports the fact that the baptism of the Holy Spirit is not a universal experience for every Christians and there is no need to be dogmatised.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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