Preeclampsia (PE) is a prevalent obstetric illness affecting pregnant women worldwide. This comprehensive literature review aims to examine the role of biomarkers and understand the molecular ...mechanisms underlying PE. The review encompasses studies on biomarkers for predicting, diagnosing, and monitoring PE, focusing on their molecular mechanisms in maternal blood or urine samples. Past research has advanced our understanding of PE pathogenesis, but the etiology remains unclear. Biomarkers such as PlGF, sFlt-1, PP-13, and PAPP-A have shown promise in risk classification and preventive measures, although challenges exist, including low detection rates and discrepancies in predicting different PE subtypes. Future perspectives highlight the importance of larger prospective studies to explore predictive biomarkers and their molecular mechanisms, improving screening efficacy and distinguishing between early-onset and late-onset PE. Biomarker assessments offer reliable and cost-effective screening methods for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of PE. Early identification of high-risk women enables timely intervention, preventing adverse outcomes. Further research is needed to validate and optimize biomarker models for accurate prediction and diagnosis, ultimately improving maternal and fetal health outcomes.
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Sertoli Leydig cell tumor of the ovary, is a rare neoplasm from the group of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary, accounting for less than 1% of all ovarian tumors. Among the Sertoli Leydig cell ...tumors, we distinguish a separate group of tumors secreting α-fetoprotein (AFP). The young 24-year-old woman presented to the Clinical Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology at the University Hospital in Krakow due to secondary amenorrhea, hirsutism and worsening abdominal pain for several months. During the admission draws attention was drawn to the abnormal level of testosterone, AFP and the revised structure of the ovary in the ultrasound. After a preliminary diagnosis, expanded pelvic MRI was performed, which found an isolated tumor derived from Sertoli Leydig cells. The patient was enrolled to unilaterally remove the right ovary by laparotomy. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of Sertoli Leydig cells tumor, and in pathological examination we found glandular mucosa cells of the colon. Owing to scientific reports on the stromal tumors of the ovary, we decided to perform genetic testing and verify the patient's karyotype. In the follow-up 90 days after the surgery, levels of testosterone and AFP were correct. In case of Sertoli Leydig cell tumors, especially in young women of childbearing potential, special attention should be paid to Anti-Mullerian hormone testing before surgery, as well as genetic diagnostics to exclude disorders of sex development.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
4.
Quiz. What is your diagnosis? Strus, Michał; Rajtar-Ciosek, Agnieszka; Jach, Robert ...
Polish journal of pathology,
01/2019, Volume:
70, Issue:
2
Journal Article
In two correlational studies, we investigated the relationship between symptoms of mental fatigue connected with the ordinary daily activity of undergraduate students and the performance level in ...tasks engaging executive and attentional processes. We found that mild or moderate levels of fatigue are associated with only a few impairments in cognitive functioning, which suggests that the consequences of such a level of fatigue can be easily compensated by protection strategies adopted by participants. A notable exception was a significant positive correlation between the level of fatigue and higher accuracy switch cost in the Plus-minus task. Our participants also reported an increase in fatigue symptoms after performing several cognitive tasks and this change was larger for those who were more engaged in a sustained attention task. In a follow-up experiment, we investigated the effects of fatigue induced by the time on sustained attention task on switching task performance and reported symptoms of cognitive and executive fatigue. We confirmed that the level of accuracy switch cost is significantly higher in the participants who performed the sustained attention task than in the participants from the control group. We pointed out some possible practical implications of studies on the relationship between fatigue and cognition for such activities as driving a car.
U dvije je korelacijske studije kod studenata ispitana povezanost simptoma mentalnog zamora vezanog uz svakodnevne aktivnosti i izvedbe na zadacima koji uključuju izvršne procese i pažnju. Rezultati pokazuju da su blage ili umjerene razine zamora povezane s minimalno narušenom izvedbom, što sugerira da se posljedice takvih razina zamora mogu kompenzirati primjenom zaštitnih strategija. Iznimka je pritom značajna pozitivna povezanost razine zamora i veće cijene točnosti prebacivanja u zadatku plus-minus. Također, potvrđen je porast simptoma zamora nakon izvođenja nekoliko kognitivnih zadataka, a ta je promjena bila veća za ispitanike koji su se više angažirali na zadatku održavanja pažnje. U naknadnom je eksperimentu ispitan efekt zamora koji je induciran dužinom zadatka održavanja pažnje na izvedbu u zadatku prebacivanja i samoprocjenu simptoma kognitivnog i izvršnog zamora. Potvrđeno je da je cijena točnosti prebacivanja značajno veća kod ispitanika koji su izvodili zadatak održavanja pažnje nego kod ispitanika iz kontrolne skupine. U radu se upućuje na moguće praktične implikacije rezultata istraživanja o povezanosti mentalnog zamora i kognitivne izvedbe u aktivnostima poput vožnje automobila.
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Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Fifty-three strains of Salmonella deposited in the Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center (IAFB) ...were identified using molecular and proteomic analyses. Moreover, the genetic similarity of the tested strains was determined using the PFGE method. Main virulence genes were identified, and phenotypical antibiotic susceptibility profiles and prevalence of resistance genes were analyzed. Subsequently, the occurrence of the main mechanisms of β-lactam resistance was determined. Virulence genes, invA, fimA, and stn were identified in all tested strains. Phenotypic tests, including 28 antibiotics, showed that 50.9% of the strains were MDR. The tet genes associated with tetracyclines resistance were the most frequently identified genes. Concerning the genes associated with ESBL-producing Salmonella, no resistance to the TEM and CTX-M type was identified, and only two strains (KKP 1597 and KKP 1610) showed resistance to SHV. No strains exhibited AmpC-type resistance but for six Salmonella strains, the efflux-related resistance of PSE-1 was presented. The high number of resistant strains in combination with multiple ARGs in Salmonella indicates the possible overuse of antibiotics. Our results showed that it is necessary to monitor antimicrobial resistance profiles in all food chain links constantly and to implement a policy of proper antibiotic stewardship to contain or at least significantly limit the further acquisition of antibiotic resistance among Salmonella strains.
Poland is one of Europe’s key carp producers. However, its main consumption (80–90% of sales) is concentrated during the Christmas period. In addition, the marginal sale of fish outside the core ...season does not allow producers to extend the period for generating revenues. Price is one of the essential factors for determining the behavior of both producers and consumers. In this context, our research addressed the role of price on Poland’s carp market, approaching it as a specific product due to its nature and Polish tradition. Moreover, an attempt was made to indicate the existing correlations between quality factors and the price of carp. The problem of price was examined primarily from the consumer’s perspective. Nevertheless, a simplified simulation of the effect of price on supply was also performed, especially with regard to the development of direct sales. The source material was obtained through a survey conducted among the consumers from Wroclaw, the main urban center of Lower Silesia, located a short distance from the largest complex of carp fishponds in Poland. The research results were statistically processed in the Statistica program. The findings, however, did not confirm that price was a factor in determining the purchasing behavior of consumers in Poland’s carp market. Non-price factors related to consumer tastes and preferences (seasonality of demand) played a much greater role. Therefore, the efforts aimed at restoring balance on the analyzed market should be focused on enhancing consumers’ perception of carp as a high-quality fish presenting health oriented qualities.
Globalization and the related processes of land and capital concentration are also present in Polish agriculture. As a result of the occurring changes in agriculture itself and in its environment, ...the importance of small agricultural holdings is permanently declining. The gradual disappearance of small family farms not only disrupts the direct relationships between food producers and consumers, but also puts food security at risk, primarily on a local and regional scale. The purpose of the article is an attempt to present that the development of Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) can offer an alternative to the occurring current distribution channels. The article is focused on the possibilities of CSA development in the Wrocław district resulting from the proximity of the largest market in the Lower Silesia region—Wrocław (the capital of Lower Silesia in Poland). The survey covered 400 agricultural holdings located in nine municipalities of the Wrocław district. The conducted research has shown that the CSA model opens opportunities for a long-lasting cooperation between farmers and consumers, but its implementation requires an increase in the prices of agricultural products offered by farmers by about 50%, as well as solutions to the cost-related problems of agricultural product transport.
In two correlational studies, we investigated the relationship between symptoms of mental fatigue connected with the ordinary daily activity of undergraduate students and the performance level in ...tasks engaging executive and attentional processes. We found that mild or moderate levels of fatigue are associated with only a few impairments in cognitive functioning, which suggests that the consequences of such a level of fatigue can be easily compensated by protection strategies adopted by participants. A notable exception was a significant positive correlation between the level of fatigue and higher accuracy switch cost in the Plus-minus task. Our participants also reported an increase in fatigue symptoms after performing several cognitive tasks and this change was larger for those who were more engaged in a sustained attention task. In a follow-up experiment, we investigated the effects of fatigue induced by the time on sustained attention task on switching task performance and reported symptoms of cognitive and executive fatigue. We confirmed that the level of accuracy switch cost is significantly higher in the participants who performed the sustained attention task than in the participants from the control group. We pointed out some possible practical implications of studies on the relationship between fatigue and cognition for such activities as driving a car.
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Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question-the focus of the present ...study-is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment (N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature-independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship-were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation.
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