The recycling of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion battery has attracted extensive attention, but few research have focused on spent blended cathode materials. In reality, the blended ...materials of lithium iron phosphate and ternary are widely used in electric vehicles, so it is critical to design an effective recycling technique. In this study, an efficient method for recovering Li and Fe from the blended cathode materials of spent LiFePO
4
and LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn
1-
x-y
O
2
batteries is proposed. First, 87% Al was removed by alkali leaching. Then, 91.65% Li, 72.08% Ni, 64.6% Co and 71.66% Mn were further separated by selective leaching with H
2
SO
4
and H
2
O
2
. Li, Ni, Co and Mn in solution were recovered in the form of Li
2
CO
3
and hydroxide respectively. Subsequently, 98.38% Fe was leached from the residue by two stage process, and it is recovered as FePO
4
·2H
2
O with a purity of 99.5% by precipitation. Fe and P were present in FePO
4
·2H
2
O in amounts of 28.34% and 15.98%, respectively. Additionally, the drift and control of various components were discussed, and cost–benefit analysis was used to assess the feasibility of potential application.
Graphical Abstract
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In pre-clinical studies, Bryostatin, MW (molecular weight) 904, has demonstrated synaptogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-amyloid, and anti-tau tangle efficacies.
To identify AD patients who show ...significant cognitive benefit versus placebo when treated in a trial with chronic Bryostatin dosing.
In this 6-month 122 AD patient Bryostatin trial, there were two cohorts: the Moderate Cohort (MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Exam: 15-18) and the Moderately Severe Cohort (MMSE 10-14) as pre-specified secondary endpoints. Patient randomization was stratified by baseline SIB to insure balance in baseline cognitive ability between treatment arms.
With no safety events noted by the data safety and monitoring board, the Moderately Severe (MMSE 10-14) Bryostatin-treated patients were significantly improved above the placebo patients for Weeks #13 through Week #42. After two cycles of 7 x i.v. Bryostatin doses over a 26-week period, the 10-14 Cohort Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), measured every 2 weeks, showed significant benefit using a Mixed Model Repeated Measures model (MMRM, 2-tailed, p < 0.05) for Weeks #13 through #42, even 16 weeks after dosing completion by Week #26. Placebo 10-14 patients showed no benefit, declining to negative 12.8 points by Week #42. Trend analyses confirmed the MMRM data for this Cohort, with a significant downward slope (equivalent to Cognitive Decline) for the placebo group, p < 0.001, 2-tailed, but no significant decline for the Bryostatin-treated group (p = 0.409, NS), treatment versus placebo p < 0.007. The Moderate Cohort patients showed no significant benefit.
The Bryostatin-treated MMSE 10-14 patients showed no significant cognitive decline throughout the 10-month trial, versus placebo patients' decline of -12.8 SIB points.
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) imaging based on SPAD (Single-Photon Avalanche Diode) technology suffers from severe area penalty for large on-chip histogram peak detection circuits required by ...the high precision of measured depth values. In this work, a probabilistic estimation-based super-resolution neural network for SPAD imaging that firstly uses temporal multi-scale histograms as inputs is proposed. To reduce the area and cost of on-chip histogram computation, only part of the histogram hardware for calculating the reflected photons is implemented on a chip. On account of the distribution rule of returned photons, a probabilistic encoder as a part of the network is first proposed to solve the depth estimation problem of SPADs. By jointly using this neural network with a super-resolution network, 16× up-sampling depth estimation is realized using 32 × 32 multi-scale histogram outputs. Finally, the effectiveness of this neural network was verified in the laboratory with a 32 × 32 SPAD sensor system.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Executive functioning is a high-level cognitive ability, regulating other abilities and behaviors to achieve desired goals. A typical executive task can be defined as the capacity to maintain one’s ...attention on the current task, that is, responding only to the correct but not to distractive stimuli. Impairments of executive functions, or executive dysfunctions, have a growing impact on everyday life and academic achievement and are usually an early feature, and one of the core features, in brain injury and memory and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that memory therapeutics cannot achieve their clinical benefits in cognition if executive dysfunction is not effectively and simultaneously treated. Improvement of executive functions might be achieved through targeting some signaling pathways in the brain, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathways. These agents may be useful either as stand-alone interventions for patients with executive dysfunction and/or psychiatric and memory disorders or as essential adjuncts to drugs that target the underlying pathology in various brain injury and memory and behavioral disorders.
•The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences of the Ecuadorian Amphimerus were determined.•The Ecuadorian Amphimerus mt genome has similar gene content and arrangement to those of other ...Opisthorchiidae.•Phylogenetic analysis placed the Ecuadorian Amphimerus within Opisthorchiidae family, but distinct from Opisthorchis.•The Amphimerus mt genome provides a new resource for future systematic studies of Opisthorchiidae trematodes.
Amphimerus Barker, 1911 is a liver fluke infecting several animal species and humans. Being a digenetic trematode of the Opisthorchiidae family, Amphimerus is closely related to the genera Metorchis, Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. Recently, a high prevalence of Amphimerus infection in humans, cats, and dogs had been demonstrated in a tropical Pacific region of Ecuador. Hence, we determined and characterized the entire mt genome sequences of adult liver flukes, morphologically identified as Amphimerus, collected in the endemic region of Ecuador, and examined its phylogenetic relationships with flukes in the Opisthorchiidae family using Bayesian inference (BI) based on the concatenated amino acid sequences and partial cox1 sequences. The complete mt genome sequence (15, 151 bp in length) of the Amphimerus sp. contains 35 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs, without atp8), two rRNAs (rrnL and rrnS) and 21 tRNAs, lacking trnG. The gene content and arrangement of the Ecuadorian Amphimerus mt genome was similar to those of other trematodes in the Opisthorchiidae family. All genes in the circular mt genome of Amphimerus sp. are transcribed from the same strand in one direction, with the A + T content of 60.77%. Genetic distances between Amphimerus sp. and other genera in Opisthorchiidae were rather high, ranging from 26.86% to 28.75% at nucleotide level and 29.37%–31.12% at amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis placed the Ecuadorian Amphimerus within the branch of Opisthorchiidae, but very distinct from Opisthorchis. Our results indicate that the liver fluke Amphimerus from Ecuador does not belong to the genus Opisthorchis, and that it should be assigned under the genus Amphimerus. The determination of the mt genome of the Ecuadorian Amphimerus provides a new genetic resource for future studies on taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Opisthorchiidae trematodes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•A 1:10 large-scale shield tunnel subway train vibration model was built.•The joint effect of tunnel cracks and train vibration was considered in the test.•Cracks can expand the vibration level ...chiefly in the main frequency.•The excessive vibration caused by cracks does not meet the standard.
The impact of train vibration on the tunnel lining is a popular research topic. Under long-term train operation, the tunnel lining may incur damage, mainly longitudinal cracks, which will further increase the vibration caused by running trains, impacting the lining and the surrounding soil and eventually endangering the safety of train operation. To understand the influence of cracks on tunnel vibration under train load, we performed a model test of a shield tunnel with and without typical cracks based on a line of Hangzhou metro prototype to characterize its dynamic responses under train vibration loads. To simulate the tunnel lining material, the tunnel segment was lined up with polymer cast nylon with low creep rate and high strength. An inverted shaker simulated the train vibration load, and an accelerometer was used to measure the dynamic response of the tunnel structure and the surrounding soil. The results show that the dynamic response of the cracked section is significantly larger than that of the intact section, and due to the propagation characteristics of vibration, the expansion effect inside the tunnel is significantly greater than that of the surrounding soil. When the frequency spectrum results of the tunnel structure and the surrounding soil are compared, it is found that the vibration level of the surrounding soil due to cracks is mainly concentrated at around 100 Hz, while that of the tunnel structure at around 315 Hz, indicating that the cracks have a targeted effect on the expansion of the dynamic response. Meanwhile, the excessive vibration of intact segments is –2 or –1 dB, and the existing vibration reduction measures can meet the damping requirements. However, the excessive vibration caused by typical cracks can go up to 12 dB. Therefore, corresponding vibration reduction measures should be taken according to specifications. Finally, this paper proposes some vibration reduction suggestions and crack repair measures.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The taxonomy and classification of the family Opisthorchiidae have been revised by several authors with the exclusion or synonymization of some genera. The genus
Hepatiarius
Feizullaev, 1961 ...accommodated two species:
Hepatiarius sudarikovi
Feizullaev, 1961 and
H
.
longissimus
Linstow, 1883. Recently, some experts have suppressed
Hepatiarius
as a junior synonym of
Opisthorchis
Blanchard, 1895 based on morphological features alone. Prior to the present study, no molecular data either from nuclear or from mitochondrial DNA was available for any species of this genus. In the present study, four specimens of
H
.
sudarikovi
Feizullaev, 1961 were recovered from the bile ducts of the little egret,
Egretta garzetta
. The complete sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the nearly complete mitochondrial genome sequences were determined and the phylogenetic relationship of
H
.
sudarikovi
with related taxa was assessed based on the mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences. The sequence similarity in the ITS rDNA between
H
.
sudarikovi
and
Opisthorchis felineus
was higher (97.62% in ITS-1 and 96.22% in ITS-2) than with other opisthorchiids. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference (BI) based on the concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) clustered
H
.
sudarikovi
into the clade of opisthorchiids, with
O
.
felineus
being the closest related species, which supports the affinity of
H
.
sudarikovi
with trematodes in the genus
Opisthorchis
. This is the first avian liver fluke whose nearly complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced. The mtDNA sequences of
H
.
sudarikovi
, in combination with its rDNA sequences, provide novel resources of genetic markers for the identification, species differentiation, and systematic studies of
H
.
sudarikovi
with other avian opisthorchiid flukes.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
High species diversity may result from recent rapid speciation in a 'cradle' and/or the gradual accumulation and preservation of species over time in a 'museum'. China harbours nearly 10% of ...angiosperm species worldwide and has long been considered as both a museum, owing to the presence of many species with hypothesized ancient origins, and a cradle, as many lineages have originated as recent topographic changes and climatic shifts-such as the formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the development of the monsoon-provided new habitats that promoted remarkable radiation. However, no detailed phylogenetic study has addressed when and how the major components of the Chinese angiosperm flora assembled to form the present-day vegetation. Here we investigate the spatio-temporal divergence patterns of the Chinese flora using a dated phylogeny of 92% of the angiosperm genera for the region, a nearly complete species-level tree comprising 26,978 species and detailed spatial distribution data. We found that 66% of the angiosperm genera in China did not originate until early in the Miocene epoch (23 million years ago (Mya)). The flora of eastern China bears a signature of older divergence (mean divergence times of 22.04-25.39 Mya), phylogenetic overdispersion (spatial co-occurrence of distant relatives) and higher phylogenetic diversity. In western China, the flora shows more recent divergence (mean divergence times of 15.29-18.86 Mya), pronounced phylogenetic clustering (co-occurrence of close relatives) and lower phylogenetic diversity. Analyses of species-level phylogenetic diversity using simulated branch lengths yielded results similar to genus-level patterns. Our analyses indicate that eastern China represents a floristic museum, and western China an evolutionary cradle, for herbaceous genera; eastern China has served as both a museum and a cradle for woody genera. These results identify areas of high species richness and phylogenetic diversity, and provide a foundation on which to build conservation efforts in China.
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