The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ∼56 Ma) was a major hyperthermal event that has been linked to CO2 release from the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). Anomalously high sedimentary ...mercury (Hg) concentrations, a proxy for volcanism, have been recorded across the PETM, but the precise mechanistic links between NAIP emplacement and the event are unclear. Here, we present Hg abundance and Hg-isotope data across a thick, deep-marine sedimentary record deposited in close proximity to active NAIP volcanism. A marked transient shift of Δ199Hg towards higher values occurs within the PETM onset, indicating a causal link to extrusive volcanic activity from the NAIP. Increasing Δ199Hg values through the body of the PETM indicate a protracted interval of magmatism. Towards the end of, and after, the PETM the data suggest an overall waning influence of direct volcanogenic Hg outgassing. Our data can explain both the triggering mechanism and long duration of the PETM.
•First Hg-isotope data across thick sedimentary record of the PETM close to the NAIP.•Hg-isotopes support link between CO2 release from volcanism and initiation of PETM.•Magmatism may have played a key role in controlling the long duration of PETM.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is usually mild and self-limiting, but still about 12% of them will progress to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP), which have poor survival rates and ...often require intensive medical resource utilization. We retrospectively collected clinical data from 526 children with MPP admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to February 2023 and randomly divided the data into a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 4:1. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify independent risk factors for SMPP. Age, AGR, NLR, CRP, ESR, MPV, coinfection, pleural effusion, primary disease, fever days ≥ 7 and wheeze are independent risk factors for SMPP in children. Then, we built an online dynamic nomogram ( https://ertongyiyuanliexiantu.shinyapps.io/SMPP/ ) based on the 11 independent risk factors. The C-index, ROC curve, DCA curve and calibration curve were used to assess the performance of the nomogram, which all showed that the dynamic nomogram has excellent clinical value. Based on age, AGR, NLR, CRP, ESR, MPV, coinfection, pleural effusion, primary disease, fever days ≥ 7 and wheeze, the first dynamic nomogram for accurately predicting SMPP was successfully established.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Late Sturtian deglaciation, resulting in development of oxic conditions and deposition of banded iron formations (BIFs), was a pivotal period in evolution of global ocean chemistry. The driving ...forces behind these Neoproterozoic BIFs and climatic/oceanic changes remain controversial, however. Here we use mercury (Hg) to elucidate the cause(s) of these dramatic changes to earth biogeochemical cycles. In the Guandong section, South China, we observe anomalously low Hg concentrations and Hg to total organic carbon (Hg/TOC) ratios in the Late Sturtian BIFs, suggesting a period of limited continental volcanism during the Late Sturtian deglaciation. We hypothesize that instead of a major LIP event, long-lasting and subdued submarine volcanism slowly increased atmospheric CO2 to trigger the greenhouse climate that caused deglaciation. Negative shifts of Δ199Hg in the studied section suggest that deglaciation was accompanied by atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs). Extremely low TOC levels in the studied section may suggest low oceanic productivity, and this may support a non-biological cause of oceanic oxygenation during the Late Sturtian glaciation, through the release of photochemically produced H2O2 in melting glaciers.
•Anomalously low Hg concentrations in banded iron formations suggest limited volcanism in the Late Sturtian deglaciation.•Negative shifts of Δ199Hg suggest that deglaciation was accompanied by atmospheric mercury depletion events.•Oceanic oxygenation in the Late Sturtian deglaciation was via the release of H2O2 in melting glaciers.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To overcome the problem of the high initial position of the point cloud required by the traditional Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm, in this paper, we propose a point cloud registration ...method based on normal vector and directional histogram features (SHOT). Firstly, a hybrid filtering method based on the voxel idea is proposed and verified using the measured point cloud data, and the noise removal rates of 97.5%, 97.8%, and 93.8% are obtained. Secondly, in terms of feature point extraction, the original algorithm is optimized, and the optimized algorithm can better extract the missing part of the point cloud. Finally, a fine alignment method based on normal vector and directional histogram features (SHOT) is proposed, and the improved algorithm is compared with the existing algorithm. Taking the Stanford University point cloud data and the self-measured point cloud data as examples, the plotted iteration-error plots can be concluded that the improved method can reduce the number of iterations by 40.23% and 37.62%, respectively.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Since December 2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world, and studies have shown that measures to prevent COVID-19 can largely reduce the spread of other infectious diseases. This study ...explored the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and interventions on the incidence of HFMD.
We gathered data on the prevalence of HFMD from the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. An autoregressive integrated moving average model was constructed using HFMD incidence data from 2014 to 2019, the number of cases predicted from 2020 to 2022 was predicted, and the predicted values were compared with the actual measurements.
From January 2014 to October 2022, the Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University admitted 103,995 children with HFMD. The average number of cases of HFMD from 2020 to 2022 was 4,946, a significant decrease from 14,859 cases from 2014 to 2019. We confirmed the best ARIMA (2,0,0) (1,1,0)
model. From 2020 to 2022, the yearly number of cases decreased by 46.58%, 75.54%, and 66.16%, respectively, compared with the forecasted incidence. Trends in incidence across sexes and ages displayed patterns similar to those overall.
The COVID-19 outbreak and interventions reduced the incidence of HFMD compared to that before the outbreak. Strengthening public health interventions remains a priority in the prevention of HFMD.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose was to investigate how well age-adjusted modified quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scores paired with blood glucose and lactate levels predict the outcomes of septicemic ...children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). One hundred children who were diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock in the PICU of Henan Children's Hospital were eligible, and other 20 patients in the same hospital at different times were selected as a validation set. Respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), capillary refill time (CRT), and Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) scale were included in the age-adjusted modified qSOFA scoring criteria for scoring. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality. The predictive values were evaluated by the ROC curve. In the sepsis group, 50 patients were male, and 50 patients were female. The 28-day all-cause mortality rate was 52%. Fifty-one patients with age-adjusted modified qSOFA scores >1. The serum lactate level was 2.4 mmol/L, and the blood glucose level was 9.3 mmol/L. The AUCs for the age-adjusted modified qSOFA score, serum lactate and blood glucose levels for the prediction of 28-day all-cause mortality in children with sepsis were 0.719, 0.719 and 0.737, respectively. The cut-off values were one point, 3.8 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L, respectively. The AUC of the age-adjusted modified qSOFA score for the validation set of was 0.925. When the three indices were combined, the AUC was 0.817, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed
= 2.428 and
= .965. When children with sepsis are admitted to the ICU, we recommend performing rapid scoring and rapid bedside lactate and glucose testing to determine the early prognosis.
•First report of Hg records at the onset of the Cryogenian inter-glacial interval.•Significant Hg/TOC spikes indicate extensive volcanic Hg emissions at the onset of the Cryogenian inter-glacial ...interval.•Positive Δ199Hg values in black shales suggest atmospheric deposition of volcanic Hg.
An ice-free greenhouse interval (ca. 660 ∼ 650 Ma) occurred between the global Sturtian (ca. 717 Ma ∼ 660 Ma) and Marinoan glaciation (ca. 650 Ma ∼ 635 Ma) during the Cryogenian. While volcanic CO2 emissions have been suggested as a trigger for this ice-free interval, evidence for volcanism has been lacking. In this study, spikes in both Hg concentration (76 to 366 ppb) and Hg to total organic carbon ratio (Hg/TOC: 114 to 717 ppb/wt.%) were observed in the Wuhe section of South China, suggesting that extensive volcanic emissions of Hg occurred during the Cryogenian interglacial period. Positive Δ199Hg (0.02 to 0.18‰) values were observed in these Hg-rich shales, indicating that the volcanic Hg was cycling in the atmosphere, deposited in seawater, and sequestered to sediment via organic matter burial. Combined with other geochemical proxies (e.g., organic carbon isotope and chemical index of alteration), our results provide the first direct evidence that volcanism played a key role in forming the brief Cryogenian interglacial period.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
During the Late Cretaceous, Earth's climate oscillated between warm and cool states, and global oceans changed between anoxic and oxic conditions, resulting in black/gray shales and oceanic red beds ...(ORBs) deposition, respectively. To understand such climate/ocean dynamics, this study investigated bulk Hg and Hg isotopes, as well as Fe3+/Fe2+ in Upper Cretaceous sediments deposited in southern Tibet and the North Atlantic. In both areas, black/gray shales show much higher Hg concentrations than ORBs, indicating enhanced Hg flux to global oceans during time of black/gray shale deposition. Black/gray shales show lower Fe3+/Fe2+ and positive Δ199Hg, suggesting a significant input of Hg into the anoxic/dysoxic ocean via atmospheric deposition. The isotope values are consistent with a volcanic source for this excess Hg. ORBs show high Fe3+/Fe2+ and negative shifts of Δ199Hg, suggesting that the dominant source of Hg into the oxic oceans was via terrestrial runoff. This study suggests that volcanism was an important driver of the climate/ocean dynamics during the Late Cretaceous.
Plain Language Summary
The Late Cretaceous ocean developed widespread black/gray shales and oceanic red beds which were deposited in warm‐anoxic/dysoxic and cool‐oxic oceanic conditions, respectively. The driving force for such climate/ocean dynamics remains unclear. This study demonstrates distinct Hg concentrations and isotopic composition in black/gray shales and oceanic red beds, which suggest that volcanism was a major trigger of the climate/ocean dynamics in the Late Cretaceous.
Key Points
The Late Cretaceous black/gray shales and oceanic red beds display opposing mass‐independent fractionation of Hg isotopes
Changes in climate/ocean conditions had strong control on the sources of Hg in the Late Cretaceous ocean
Volcanism served as an important driving force of the climate/ocean dynamics during the Late Cretaceous
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Mercury (Hg) is a volatile, bioaccumulative, and toxic heavy metal, and its global distribution is controlled by the Hg biogeochemical cycle in the atmosphere-land-ocean systems and the deep Hg cycle ...in interior reservoirs (e.g., mantle and crust). The biogeochemical cycle has been relatively well studied, but the deep Hg cycle remains relatively poorly constrained. Mercury isotopes undergo mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) and unique mass-independent fractionation (MIF) which can provide good constraints on large-scale Hg cycling. In this review, we provide a summary of available results on Hg abundance and isotopic composition in the atmosphere-land-ocean systems and interior reservoirs, with a focus on linking the Hg biogeochemical cycle to the deep Hg cycle. Through this effort, a few key points can be pointed out: (1) Natural and anthropogenic activities release large amounts of Hg into the atmosphere, which is transported on a global scale and deposited in terrestrial and marine systems; (2) Major constituents of the mantle and crust, e.g., mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and granites, show much lower Hg abundance than the atmosphere-land-ocean systems due to volcanic Hg(0) degassing and the formation of Hg-bearing ore deposits; (3) Mercury isotopes, especially Δ199Hg values, are useful in tracing surface Hg recycling into mantle and crust; (4) Hg(II) photo-reduction in the atmosphere yields negative Δ199Hg values in gaseous Hg(0) and positive Δ199Hg values in Hg(II) species, which results in negative Δ199Hg values in terrestrial systems (dominant deposition of Hg(0)) and positive Δ199Hg values in marine systems (dominant deposition of Hg(II); (5) MORBs and arc-related basalts (IABs) show positive Δ199Hg values, suggesting marine Hg recycling into the oceanic crust and upper mantle via plate subduction. Oceanic island basalts (OIBs) and continental flood basalts (CFBs) mostly display near-zero Δ199Hg values, suggesting limited surface Hg recycling into the lower mantle. Granites show positive to negative Δ199Hg values, suggesting the continental crust receives Hg from the metasomatized mantle and remelted terrestrial material. Opposing Δ199Hg values in arc-related and intracontinental hydrothermal systems highlights the great potential of using Hg isotopes for metallogenic tracing.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Background Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease posing a huge burden of disease for children around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic changes ...in childhood influenza in Zhengzhou, China, before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and related prevention and control policies on the children’s influenza epidemiological trend. Methods All influenza report card data from the Children’s Hospital Affiliated with Zhengzhou University’s Disease Surveillance Reporting Management System were collected and analyzed monthly from January 2018 to December 2023. The period of the study was divided into three phases for comparison: the pre-pandemic period, the pandemic period, and the post-pandemic period. Results Between January 2018 and December 2023, a total of 82,030 children with influenza were diagnosed at our hospital, including 46,453 males and 35,577 females. A total of 11,833 of them had to be hospitalized for influenza, and 321 of them were brought to the ICU. Influenza showed low-level epidemiologic status during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there was a substantial rise in influenza and a surge in the number of cases after the COVID-19 pandemic period. The year 2023 will had the most influenza cases (40,785). The peak incidence of influenza changes in 2022, from July to October, and in 2023, from February to April and from October to December. During the post-pandemic period, the proportion of new-borns and young children among influenza patients decreased, while the proportion of school-age children increased significantly, and the proportion of influenza patients hospitalized and the proportion of ICU admissions decreased. Conclusion Influenza showed low-level epidemiologic status during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the post-pandemic period, there is a large increase in influenza incidence, with a double peak in influenza incidence. The proportion of school-age children with influenza has also increased. As a result, we recommend that influenza vaccination for key populations, particularly school-age children, be completed by October of each year in Henan Province, and that the government and schools increase education about nonpharmacological influenza prevention approaches.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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