The basicity of the graphitic, pyridine, and pyrrole nitrogen groups on the graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes is evaluated and compared in terms of both Brønsted base and Lewis base. It ...turns out that the pyridine group is the most strong basic site, while the graphitic nitrogen does not bring any improvements over the undoped one.
Summary Background Kawasaki disease, the most common cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries, is a self-limited vasculitis that is treated with high doses of intravenous ...immunoglobulin. Resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin in Kawasaki disease increases the risk of coronary artery aneurysms. We assessed whether the addition of infliximab to standard therapy (intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin) in acute Kawasaki disease reduces the rate of treatment resistance. Methods We undertook a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in two children's hospitals in the USA to assess the addition of infliximab (5 mg per kg) to standard therapy. Eligible participants were children aged 4 weeks–17 years who had a fever (temperature ≥38·0°C) for 3–10 days and met American Heart Association criteria for Kawasaki disease. Participants were randomly allocated in 1:1 ratio to two treatment groups: infliximab 5 mg/kg at 1 mg/mL intravenously over 2 h or placebo (normal saline 5 mL/kg, administered intravenously). Randomisation was based on a randomly permuted block design (block sizes 2 and 4), stratified by age, sex, and centre. Patients, treating physicians and staff, study team members, and echocardiographers were all masked to treament assignment. The primary outcome was the difference between the groups in treatment resistance defined as a temperature of 38·0°C or higher at 36 h to 7 days after completion of the infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT00760435. Findings 196 patients were enrolled and randomised: 98 to the infliximab group and 98 to placebo. One patient in the placebo group was withdrawn from the study because of hypotension before receiving treatment. Treatment resistance rate did not differ significantly (11 11·2% for infliximab and 11 11·3% for placebo; p=0·81). Compared with the placebo group, participants given infliximab had fewer days of fever (median 1 day for infliximab vs 2 days for placebo; p<0·0001). At week 2, infliximab-treated patients had greater mean reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p=0·009) and a two-fold greater decrease in Z score of the left anterior descending artery (p=0·045) than did those in the placebo group, but this difference was not significant at week 5. Participants in the infliximab group had a greater mean reduction in C-reactive protein concentration (p=0·0003) and in absolute neutrophil count (p=0·024) at 24 h after treatment than did those given placebo, but by week 2 this difference was not significant. At week 5, none of the laboratory values differed significantly compared with baseline. No significant differences were recorded between the two groups at any timepoint in proximal right coronary artery Z scores, age-adjusted haemoglobin values, duration of hospital stay, or any other laboratory markers of inflammation measured. No reactions to intravenous immunoglobulin infusion occurred in patients treated with infliximab compared with 13 (13·4%) patients given placebo (p<0·0001). No serious adverse events were directly attributable to infliximab infusion. Interpretation The addition of infliximab to primary treatment in acute Kawasaki disease did not reduce treatment resistance. However, it was safe and well tolerated and reduced fever duration, some markers of inflammation, left anterior descending coronary artery Z score, and intravenous immunoglobulin reaction rates. Funding US Food and Drug Administration, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and Janssen Biotech.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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•Pd decorated WO3 exhibited ultrafast detection of H2S.•Response to H2S of WO3 sensor increased by 250 times after Pd-decoration.•Mechanism for enhanced sensing performance of Pd ...decorated WO3 was proposed.
Sensors based on pristine and Pd/PdO-loaded WO3 microspheres (NWs) were fabricated for H2S detection. Solvothermal method was employed to synthesize pristine WO3 microspheres. The Pd/PdO decoration procedure was realized by immersing the pristine WO3 into the solution with Pd precursor. Pd/PdO nanoparticles with diameter around 4−7 nm were successfully loaded on the surface of the WO3 microspheres characterized by SEM, TEM, HRTEM, EDS and XPS. Sensing performances were systematically investigated with varying Pd loading amount (0 at%, 1 at%, 2 at%, 5 at%). The sensitively and selectively were significantly improved after loaded with Pd. The 2 at % loaded sensing material exhibited the highest response of 1029 to 25 ppm H2S, which was 270 times higher than the pristine WO3 at 190 °C. Importantly, the sensor showed quite short response time (less than or equal to1 s) after loaded with Pd/PdO. The tremendous gas sensing enhancement could be attributed to the adjustment of the oxygen state, modulation of sensor resistance and catalytic effects of Pd/PdO. This study demonstrated that decorating WO3 with Pd/PdO is an effective route to realize the H2S detection with high response. The fabricated H2S sensor offered potential applications in the fields of rapid detection toward H2S.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this letter, we present a covariance difference algorithm to cope with the mixed far-field and near-field sources localization problem. By exploiting the eigenstructure differences between the ...far-field covariance matrix and the near-field one, the spatial differencing technique can be adopted to classify the signals types. Based on the symmetric property of the uniform linear array geometry, a near-field estimator without any spectral search or parameter-pairing is performed. Compared to the previous works, the resultant algorithm can realize a more reasonable classification of the signals types, as well as provide the improved estimation accuracy. Computer simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
We examine a large number of DFT calculations regarding the chemistry of oxide surfaces and show that their qualitative conclusions can be predicted by using a few rules derived from the Lewis ...acid–base properties of the species involved. (1) The presence of a Lewis acid on an oxide surface increases substantially the binding energy of a Lewis base. (2) If an oxide has certain properties because it is a Lewis base, these properties can be suppressed by adsorbing a Lewis acid on the surface. (3) The presence of a Lewis base on an oxide surface diminishes the binding energy of another base, as compared to the binding energy on the same surface with no base on it. These rules also hold if the words “acid” and “base” are exchanged. We show that these rules apply to a large number of systems which seem to have no relationship to each other and which are important for catalysis by oxides.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Background
To investigate the biological relationship, mechanism between perilipin2 and the occurrence, advancement of gastric carcinoma, and explore the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder ...leading to gastric neoplasm, and propose that perilipin2 is presumably considered as a potential molecular biomarker of gastric carcinoma.
Methods
RNA-seq was applied to analyze perilipin2 and differentially expressed genes modulated by perilipin2 in neoplastic tissues of both perilipin2 overexpression and knockdown groups in vivo. The mechanism was discovered and confirmed by Rt-qPCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, staining and microassay, respectively. Cellular function experiments were performed by flow cytometry, CCK8, clonogenic assay, etc.
Results
Overexpression and knockdown of perilipin2 augmented the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC7901 and MGC803, respectively. The neoplastic cells with perilipin2-overexpression obtained more conspicuously rapid growth than knockdown group in vivo, and perilipin2 affected the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells by modulating the related genes:acyl-coa synthetase long-chain family member 3, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha, pr/set domain 11 and importin 7 that were participated in Ferroptosis pathway. Moreover, RNA-seq indicated perilipin2 was an indispensable gene and protein in the suppression of Ferroptosis caused by abnormal lipometabolism in gastric carcinoma.
Conclusion
Our study expounded the facilitation of perilipin2 in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells by modification in Ferroptosis pathway, and we interpreted that the mechanism of gastric neoplasm caused by obesity, we also discovered that pr/set domain 11 and importin 7 are novel transcription factors relevant to gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, perilipin2 probably serves not only as a diagnostic biomarker, but also a new therapeutic target.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In two phase 3 placebo-controlled, randomized trials in 1012 and 1040 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, solanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that preferentially binds ...soluble forms of amyloid, did not improve cognition or functional status.
Alzheimer's disease is associated with the accumulation of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. One approach to reducing brain amyloid involves increasing the clearance of Aβ by means of prolonged treatment with monoclonal antibodies directed against this peptide. In preclinical studies, a murine antibody that targeted the central domain of Aβ and was selective for soluble forms slowed Aβ deposition in a transgenic mouse model
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; in another transgenic murine model, Aβ–antibody complexes were present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, and behavioral deficits were reversed without a decrease in amyloid plaques, as assessed by . . .
In this placebo-controlled trial, the γ-secretase inhibitor semagacestat did not improve cognitive status in patients with Alzheimer's disease and was associated with more adverse events than ...placebo, including skin cancers and infections.
Alzheimer's disease begins decades before the appearance of clinical symptoms, with the deposition of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide plaques in the cortex and hippocampus. This protein is cleaved from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the sequential action of β- and γ-secretases, producing fragments that include Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. Since the accumulation of aggregated Aβ is associated with disease progression, both β-secretase and γ-secretase represent potential therapeutic targets. Multiple small molecules can inhibit γ-secretase in vitro,
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but Notch and other transmembrane proteins are also substrates for γ-secretase,
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and studies have raised concern that the inhibition of γ-secretase could . . .
A novel classification and localization algorithm is proposed for scenarios where both far-field and near-field sources may exist simultaneously. By exploiting the property of the Toeplitz structure ...associated with the far-field covariance matrix, the covariance differencing technique is first carried out to eliminate the far-field components. That is, the pure near-field components can be obtained. Based on a symmetric uniform linear array, an ESPRIT-like solution can be implemented, and the direction-of-arrival (DOA) and range estimations for the near-field sources are performed. After estimating the powers of the near-field signals, the related near-field components can be eliminated from the signal subspace, and the DOAs for the far-field sources are determined via the MUSIC spectral search. The resultant algorithm can provide the improved estimation accuracy, and it achieves a more reasonable classification of the signals types. Computer simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
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