Effective assessment of any region's groundwater resources depends greatly on the levels of the sub-surface water. Since groundwater resources are being overused, the availability of groundwater is ...in a critical scenario. Quality of the groundwater is deteriorating in numerous regions as a result of the worrisome rate of groundwater table depletion. Depending on how frequently the aquifer under the earth surface is recharged by surface water supplies, groundwater can be kept underground for days, weeks, months, years, centuries, or even millennia. Currently, the utility is increased as compared to availability. The current water demand exceeds the surface water supply. As a result, for the effective management and usage of the priceless natural resources, groundwater potential zones’ systematic evaluation is now essential. The understanding about monitoring and a suitable sustainable development strategy for water resources is provided by groundwater potential zoning. The delineation of groundwater potential zoning is influenced by various factors, including rainfall, land-use cover, geological formations, geomorphology, drainage features, slope, etc. To ensure the sustainable groundwater management in the basin, it is essential to locate groundwater potential zones, so that series of recharge structures may be built there to manage aquifer recharge. Remote sensing and GIS are recent techniques that become very crucial tools in accessing, monitoring, and conserving groundwater resources because of their advantages of spatial, spectral, and temporal availability and interpolation of data covering big and inaccessible areas in short amount of time.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Herein we report field emission (FE) investigations on an electrochemically exfoliated few‐layered black phosphorus nanosheet emitter at a base pressure of approximately 1 × 10–8 mbar. The turn‐on ...electric field required to draw an emission current density of approximately 10 μA/cm2 is found to be about 4.2 V/μm. Furthermore, few‐layered black phosphorus nanosheet emitters deliver an emission current density of about 170 μA/cm2 at an applied field of about 7.5 V/μm. The emission current vs. time plot measured at preset current values of about 5 μA shows emission current fluctuations within ±10 % of the average value, indicating the highly stable nature of the black phosphorus field emitter. Thus, the 2D black phosphorus nanosheets synthesized using the simple electrochemical exfoliation method can be utilized for micro/nanoelectronics and flat panel FE display applications.
2D black phosphorus nanosheets, synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation, have the potential to be utilized for field emission (FE) display applications.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Single-crystalline ultralong tin sulfide (SnS) nanowires has been grown by a thermal evaporation technique under optimized conditions on gold-coated silicon substrates, and for the first time, field ...emission investigations on the SnS nanowires at the base pressure of 1 × 10–8 mbar are reported. It has been revealed that the surface morphology of the as-synthesized SnS nanostructures is significantly influenced by the deposition temperature and duration. Structural and morphological analyses of as-synthesized SnS nanostructures have been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To understand the optical and electronic properties of as-synthesized SnS nanowires, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were carried out. The SEM and TEM measurements reveal the formation of ultralong SnS nanowires, with an average diameter of 80 nm. A plausible explanation on the vapor–solid–liquid (VLS) growth mechanism based on the experimental results and reported literature has been presented. Furthermore, the field emission characteristics of the SnS nanowires are found to be superior to the other metal chalcogenide nanostructures. The synthesized SnS nanowire emitter delivers a high current density of ∼2.5 mA/cm2 at an applied electric field of ∼4.55 V/μm. The emission current stability over a period of 6 h is observed to be good. The observed results demonstrate the potential of the SnS nanowire emitter as an electron source for practical applications in vacuum nano/microelectronic devices.
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Spectral analysis of the field emission (FE) current fluctuations has been carried out at the base pressure ~1×10−8mbar. The emission current stability investigated at preset value of 2µA is ...characterized by ‘step’ like fluctuation. The spectral analysis performed on a FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyzer revealed that the observed noise is of 1/fα type, with the value of α as ~1.05. The estimated value of α implies that the current fluctuations are mainly due the various processes occurring on atomic scale like adsorption, migration, and/or desorption of the residual gas species on the emitter surface.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Highly crystalline two dimensional (2D) few layered black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have been synthesized
via
a one step facile laser irradiation technique under optimized experimental conditions. ...The field emission investigations on the few layered black phosphorus nanosheets were carried out at the base pressure 1 × 10
−8
mbar. The morphological, elemental, optical, and structural analysis of the as-synthesized black phosphorus sample was carried out using SEM, AFM, EDAX, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The turn-on values of the BP nanosheets emitter were found to be significantly lower than that of earlier reports of BP nanosheets, graphene, and carbon nanotubes based field emitters due to the high field enhancement factor (
β
) ∼2986 associated with atomically thin/sharp edges of the BP nanosheets emitter. The emission current
versus
time plot depicts the good emission current stability with a pre-set value of 1 μA for ∼5 h duration. Our facile synthesis approach and the robust field emitter nature of the BP nanosheets makes them a potential candidate for a practical electron source in vacuum micro/nanoelectronic devices.
Highly crystalline two dimensional (2D) few layered black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have been synthesized
via
a one step facile laser irradiation technique under optimized experimental conditions. The BP material shows promising field emission performance.
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Aim
To assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of remogliflozin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a large uncontrolled population.
Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis ...was conducted at 1578 sites across India. Medical records of all patients who had received a remogliflozin-based regimen for a 3-month duration as per routine practice for the management of T2DM were analysed for effectiveness and safety. The efficacy assessments included mean change in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), bodyweight, BMI, and blood pressure from baseline to 3 months. Safety assessments included incidence of adverse events reported.
Results
A total of 5452 eligible patients’ data were analysed. The mean change of HbA1c level from baseline (8.63%) to 3-month follow-up (7.68%) was − 0.95%. The mean change in FPG and PPG from baseline to the end of follow-up was − 42.4 mg/dL and − 69.1 mg/dL, respectively. A significant reduction in glycemic parameters was observed from baseline to follow-up. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was about 25.9%. Genito-urinary tract infections (12.6%) were more frequently reported AEs, and no severe AEs were reported.
Conclusion
Remogliflozin etabonate was effective in improving glycemic parameters. It was well-tolerated in the real-world setting used for glycemic management of T2DM.
In the present work, we have investigated the charge storage capacitive response and field emission behaviour of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles decorated on carbon nano onions (CNOs) and compared them ...with those of pristine carbon nano onions. The specific capacitance observed for Pt–CNOs is 342.5 F g −1 , about six times higher than that of pristine CNOs, at a scan rate of 100 mV s −1 . The decoration with Pt nanoparticles, without any binder or polymer separator on the CNO, leading to enhanced supercapacitance is due to easy accessibility of Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte in the active material. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of these systems reveal enhancement in the Density of States (DOS) near the Fermi energy ( E F ) on account of platinum decoration on the CNOs. Furthermore, the field emission current density of ∼0.63 mA cm −2 has been achieved from the Pt-CNOs emitter at an applied electric field of ∼4.5 V μm −1 and from the pristine CNOs sample current density of ∼0.4 mA cm −2 has been achieved at an applied electric field of ∼6.6 V μm −1 . The observed enhanced field emission behavior has been attributed to the improved electrical conductivity and increased emitting sites of the Pt–CNO emitter. The field emission current stability of the Pt–CNO emitter over a longer duration is found to be good. The observed results imply multifunctional potential of Pt–CNOs, as supercapacitor material in various next generation hybrid energy storage devices, and field emitters for next generation vacuum nano/microelectronic devices.
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Single crystalline ultra long In
2
Se
3
nanowires have been grown by employing a single step facile thermal evaporation route under optimized conditions on Au/Si wafers, and morphology dependent ...field emission investigations on the In
2
Se
3
nanostructure at the base pressure ∼1 × 10
−8
mbar are explored. In addition, structural and morphological analysis of as-synthesized In
2
Se
3
nanostructures has been carried out using XRD, SEM and TEM. A plausible explanation of the vapor-solid-liquid (VLS) growth mechanism based on the experimental results and reported literature has been presented. Furthermore, field emission measurements demonstrate remarkably enhanced emission behaviour, which is explained on the basis of the field enhancement factor and aspect ratio of the nanostructures. The synthesized In
2
Se
3
nanowire emitter delivers a very high current density of ∼1.2 mA cm
−2
at an applied electric field of ∼6.33 V μm
−1
. The present results demonstrate In
2
Se
3
as an important candidate for potential applications in nano/micro-electronic devices.
Single crystalline ultra long In
2
Se
3
nanowires have been grown
via
thermal evaporation route on Au/Si substrates and explored its field emission investigations at ∼1 × 10
−8
mbar.
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Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) experiments were employed to deposit a thin adherent coating of HfO
2
nanoparticles on electrochemically synthesized Cu
2
O nanowires. The as-deposited layer of HfO
2
on ...Cu
2
O nanowires forms a hierarchical assembly of HfO
2
–Cu
2
O. The PLD process parameters were optimized to obtain the desired hierarchical morphology and a plausible growth mechanism has been exemplified based on observed SEM results and pertinent literature survey. In addition, field emission (FE) characteristics of the HfO
2
–Cu
2
O hierarchical assembly and pristine Cu
2
O nanowires were carried out at base pressure of 1 × 10
–8
mbar. The HfO
2
–Cu
2
O nanowires hierarchical emitter exhibits superior FE behavior in terms of lowering in turn-on and threshold fields, delivery of two-fold higher emission current density at relatively lower applied field, as compared to the pristine Cu
2
O nanowire emitter. HfO
2
, despite being a wide band gap semiconductor (WBGS) possessing high dielectric constant, the enhanced FE behaviour is mainly attributed to the morphological aspect of hierarchical structure offering high aspect ratio. Furthermore, similar to other WBGS emitters like diamond, in this case too, low electron affinity is speculated to facilitate field emission. The observed results highlight the potential of PLD in fabricating hierarchical structures of WBGs onto other semiconducting oxide nanostructure for novel applications.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Crystalline, ultra long silver nanowires (Ag NWs), few-layered rGO (reduced graphene oxide) and their rGO–Ag NW nanocomposite have been synthesized using a polyol reflux technique under optimized ...experimental conditions. The field emission performance of the rGO–Ag NW nanocomposite, rGO and Ag NW emitters was investigated. The turn on field required to draw an emission current density of ∼1 μA cm −2 was found to be ∼5.00, 3.92 and 2.40 V μm −1 for the Ag NW, rGO and rGO–Ag NW nanocomposite emitters, respectively. The combined contribution of the sharp edges of the thin graphene sheets and high aspect ratio of the Ag nanowires, and their synergetic effect in the rGO–Ag NW nanocomposite, are responsible for the enhanced field emission behavior. First-principles density functional calculations show that the enhanced field emission may also be due to the overlapping of the electronic structures of the Ag NWs and rGO nanosheets.
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