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•Novel crown ether AcDB20C6 based conjugate material was fabricated for Cs uptake.•The conjugate material was effectively taken up the Cs with high adsorption.•The radioactive Cs was ...efficiently decontaminated even in the presence of K and Na.
Crown ether based conjugate material was enabling the high functionality for stable complexation mechanism with cesium (Cs) and attracted the scientific community for potential real radioactive contaminated water treatment. This study was focused on ligand anchored conjugate material for radioactive Cs disposal based on adsorption techniques from nuclear liquid waste in Fukushima with high selectivity. A macrocyclic ligand of acetyl dibenzo-20-crown-6-ethers (AcDB20C6) was synthesized and directly embedded onto mesoporous inorganic silica. The Cs adsorption behavior was carried out with batch equilibrium techniques. The affecting experimental parameters such as solution pH, contact time, initial Cs concentration and competitive adsorption of Na and K ion concentrations were measured and optimized systematically. The sensitive pH range for high Cs removal was with broad range of 5.5–9.0, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 65.06 mg/g by the material at pH 7.0. The results clarified that conjugate material was high selectivity towards Cs even in the presence of a high level of Na and K ions rather than inorganic adsorbent because of the possible Cs-π interaction of the benzene ring from the crown ether ligand. The material was successfully investigated for radioactive Cs disposal for the potential treatment in Fukushima in the connection of in nuclear contaminated water treatment. The adsorbed Cs was desorbed with the eluent of 0.20 M HCl and then simultaneously regenerated at the same into the initial form for the next disposal operation after washing with water. The conjugate material was kept high functionality even in several cycles during adsorption–elution–regeneration processes. Then the proposed material could be used as promising material for selective radioactive Cs disposal from contaminated water in Fukushima, Japan.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Ligand functionalized composite adsorbent was prepared for Se(IV) capturing.•Se(IV) monitoring and removal were evaluated under solution acidity.•Se(IV) can be removed from water ...without interference from diverse foreign ions.•The adsorbent can be reuses in many cycles without a loss in performance.
This work reports the selenium (Se(IV)) detection and removal from water by ligand functionalized organic–inorganic based novel composite adsorbent. The composite adsorbent was prepared by direct immobilization of N,N′-di(3-carboxysalicylidene)-3,4-diamino-5-hydroxypyrazole onto the mesoporous silica monolith. The adsorbent exhibited distinct color change in the presence of various concentrations of Se(IV). This was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, and the color change was observed by naked-eye observation. The detection limit was determined to be 1.14μg/L. The effect of solution pH, interferential metal ions, contact time, initial Se(IV) concentration, and adsorbent regeneration were evaluated. The maximum sorption capacity was determined based on the initial concentration. The data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum Se(IV) sorption capacity was 111.12mg/g. The presence of diverse competing ions did not affect the Se(IV) sorption capacity, and the adsorbent had almost no sorption capacity for these coexisting ions, which suggests the high selectivity to Se(IV) ions. The adsorbed Se(IV) was eluted with suitable eluent (0.10M NaOH) and simultaneously regenerated into the initial form for the next operation. The excellent reusability of the adsorbent was justified after eight consecutive sorption–elution–regeneration cycles. The proposed adsorbent is cost-effective and environmentally friendly and a potential candidate for treatment of water containing Se(IV).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract
The identification of thyroid cancers among children after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident propelled concerns regarding long-term radiation effects on thyroid cancer in children ...affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima, Japan. Herein we consider the potential association between absorbed dose in the thyroid and the risk of developing thyroid cancer as detected by ultrasonography on 300 473 children and adolescents aged 0–18 years in Fukushima. The absorbed dose mentioned in the present study indicates the sum of that from external exposure and that from internally deposited radionuclides. We grouped participants according to estimated absorbed doses in each of 59 municipalities in Fukushima Prefecture, based on The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2013 report. The 59 municipalities were assigned to quartiles by dose. We limited our analyses to participants aged ≥6 years because only one case of thyroid cancer was observed in participants aged ≤5 years; 164 299 participants were included in the final analysis. Compared with the lowest dose quartile, the age- and sex-adjusted rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the low-middle, high-middle and highest quartiles were 2.00 (0.84–4.80), 1.34 (0.50–3.59) and 1.42 (0.55–3.67) for the 6–14-year-old groups and 1.99 (0.70–5.70), 0.54 (0.13–2.31) and 0.51 (0.12–2.15) for the >15-year-old group, respectively. No dose-dependent pattern emerged from the geographical distribution of absorbed doses by municipality, as estimated by UNSCEAR, and the detection of thyroid cancer among participants within 4–6 years after the accident. Ongoing surveillance might further clarify the effects of low-dose radiation exposure on thyroid cancer in Fukushima.
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► Novel composite adsorbent was prepared for rapid Cu(II) detection and removal. ► The adsorbent can be selectively removed Cu(II) with high efficiency and capacity. ► Composite ...adsorbent can detect and remove Cu(II) without water pH adjustment. ► Novel composite adsorbent is able to reuses in many cycles without deterioration.
A highly selective mesoporous composite adsorbent is proposed for simultaneous detection and removal of Cu(II) ions in natural waters. The adsorbent was developed using the synthesized ligand 3-(((5-ethoxybenzenethiol)imino)methyl)-salicylic acid (EBMS) immobilization onto mesoporous silica monoliths. The data clarified the nitrogen donor atom in EBMS ligand made the strong and stable complexation mechanism with Cu(II) ions during detection and removal systems. Therefore, Cu(II) bonding with EBMS to enhance color formation and make the ligand as metal-ligand Cu(II)-EBMSn+ complexes. The solid material has spherical cavities to showed the rapid response and transport of Cu(II) to network sites easily with high sorption efficiency without loss of cage cavities. The influence of pH, kinetics parameters, limit of detection, Cu(II) sorption capacity, bond distances between ligand and Cu(II) and the effect of eluent for the stripping of Cu(II) ion from adsorbent over elution efficiency were evaluated. The adsorbent offered a simple procedure in ultra-trace Cu(II) sensing optically without using high tech instruments. The adsorbent offered a simple procedure in ultra-trace Cu(II) sensing optically without using high tech instruments. The data also revealed that the adsorbent exhibited high sorption capacity (182.15mg/g) and extreme high selectivity in high concentration ionic competition. The adsorbent materials has retaining their functionality in terms of Cu(II) detection and recovery after multiple reuse cycles without deterioration in its significant performances. Moreover, the present adsorbent was successfully applied to the determination, removal and elution Cu(II) ions in environmental samples.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for only 1 to 2% of all thyroid carcinomas, but it is one of the most lethal neoplasms in humans. To date, most findings about ATC have been ...derived from single-institution studies with limited numbers of cohorts. To obtain further insights into this “orphan disease,” we have established a multicenter registry, the ATC Research Consortium of Japan (ATCCJ). We analyzed prognostic factors and treatment outcomes using the large cohort database of the ATCCJ.
Methods
Most of the Japanese centers involved in the treatment of thyroid cancer were invited to join the ATCCJ and have provided information on ATC patients treated between 1995 and 2008. The database includes 677 cases from 38 registered institutions. Survival curves were determined using Kaplan-Meier methods and were compared using the log-rank test. Cox’s proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis.
Results
Clinical varieties of ATC were classified into four types: common type (
n
= 547); incidental type (
n
= 29); anaplastic transformation at the neck (
n
= 95); anaplastic transformation at a distant site (
n
= 6). The incidental type followed by anaplastic transformation at the neck showed better outcomes than the other types. Anaplastic transformation at a distant site showed the worst outcomes. The 6-month and 1-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rates for common-type ATC were 36 and 18%, respectively. In all, 84 (15%) achieved long-term (>1 year) survival. Multivariate analysis identified age ≥70 years, presence of acute symptoms, leukocytosis (white blood cell count ≥10,000/mm
3
), large tumor >5 cm, T4b tumor, and distant metastasis as significant risk factors for lower survival. CSS rates also differed significantly depending on UICC stages, with 6-month CSSs of 60% for stage IVA, 45% for IVB, and 19% for IVC. For 36 of 69 (52%) stage IVA patients who underwent radical surgery, adjuvant therapies, including radiation therapy (RTX) and chemotherapy (CTX) did not show additional benefit statistically. Conversely, among 242 stage IVB patients, 80 (33%) underwent radical surgery. For those patients, therapies combining RTX with CTX significantly improved CSS.
Conclusions
Long-term survival is possible for selected patients with ATC. To determine the treatment strategy, UICC stage (disease extent) and other prognostic factors (e.g., biologic malignancy grade) should be considered.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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► A new type mesoporous adsorbent was prepared for rapid Cu(II) capturing. ► The adsorbent can be selectively captured Cu(II) with selectivity and sensitivity. ► Adsorbent can capture ...Cu(II) ions with high efficiency in neutral pH region. ► Novel adsorbent is able to reuses in many cycles without significant deterioration.
Highly selective mesoporous adsorbent design is necessary for selective detection and removal of toxic metals from drinking water with high efficiency and cost-effective. The mesoporous adsorbent was fabricated by direct immobilization of a synthesized (3-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)benzylidene) hydrazinyl)benzoic acid onto mesoporous silica monoliths and tested for its potential application of Cu(II) ions sensing and removal from wastewater. Specific nitrogen donor atoms containing novel ligand onto mesoporous silica transformed the ion-sensing systems optically remove Cu(II) ions with stable assemblies and complexation mechanism. The Cu(II) bonding with ligand to enhanced color formation and capturing corresponding to formation of Cu(II)-ligandn+ complexes. The variation of pH, contact time, detection limit and initial Cu(II) concentration parameters were measured in sorption experiments. The sorption data revealed that the new type mesoporous adsorbent was able to remove Cu(II) with high sorption capacity and extreme selectivity in ionic competition. Therefore, design of mesoporous adsorbent offered a simple procedure in such low-level Cu(II) sensing and removal without using sophisticated instruments. The effective pH range for Cu(II) capturing was neutral region and the maximum sorption capacity of the adsorbent was as high as 145.98mg/g. The new type adsorbent exhibited good recyclability for several cycles use after sensing and removal operation without deterioration in its significant performances. Therefore, the adsorbent can be used effectively for sensitive and efficient Cu(II) sensing and removal in water and wastewater treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Context Childhood thyroid cancer is of great concern after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Baseline analytical data on thyroid ultrasound examination (TUE) in children are important for ...future studies. Objective We analyzed the age and sex distribution of findings from the TUEs of children and adolescents in the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS). Design, Setting, and Participants From October 2011 through March 2014, 294,905 participants aged 18 years or younger at the time of the earthquake voluntarily had TUEs in the first round of the FHMS. A secondary confirmatory examination was performed in 2032 subjects. Age- and sex-dependent prevalence and size of thyroid cysts, nodules, and cancers were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Age, sex, and size distribution of findings were analyzed. Results Thyroid cysts, nodules, and cytologically suspected cancers were detected in 68,009, 1415, and 38 male subjects and in 73,014, 2455, and 74 female subjects, respectively. There was an age-dependent increase in the detection rate of thyroid nodules and cancer, but that of cysts reached a peak at 11 to 12 years. Sex affected the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancers after the onset of puberty, but only a small difference was exhibited in that of cysts. Conclusions The thyroid cancer detection rate in Fukushima was clarified, and the proportion of individuals with thyroid nodules and cysts varied substantially by age. The results of this study will contribute to future epidemiological research on nodular thyroid diseases in children and adolescents.
BACKGROUND:The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake led to a nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. This study examines the associations of radiation dose and lifestyle factors with ...incidence of thyroid cancer in Fukushima.
METHODS:We designed a prospective study with 300,473 participants aged 18 years or younger, who underwent thyroid examinations from October 2011. Follow-up surveys were conducted through June 2017, and 245,530 participants (123,480 men and 122,050 women, 82% follow-up) received follow-up examinations. Fukushima Prefecture was divided into five areas based on individual external radiation dose. We calculated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for thyroid cancer in each area, with area of lowest dose as reference, using age-adjusted Poisson regression models. We also calculated risks associated with overweight and obesity.
RESULTS:The incidence per 100,000 for Groups A (highest dose), B, C, D, and E (lowest dose) were 13.5, 19.2, 17.3, 9.0, and 8.3, respectively. Compared with Group E, the age-adjusted risks (95% CIs) were 1.62 (0.59, 4.47) for group A, 2.32 (0.86, 6.24) for group B, 2.21 (0.82, 5.94) for group C, and 1.02 (0.36, 2.86) for group D. Obesity was positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence; the multivariable-adjusted risk of thyroid cancer was 2.23 (1.01, 4.90) for obese individuals compared with nonobese individuals.
CONCLUSION:Regional differences in radiation dose were not associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer among children in Fukushima within 4 to 6 years after the nuclear power plant accident. Obesity may be an important factor for further follow-up in Fukushima.
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