Excessive use of fossil fuels has an extremely negative impact on the environment and climate, as it results in the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere. The goal of this research was to ...compare the use of solar energy and biomass as an energy source for drying tobacco in relation to natural gas. The research covered the drying of Virginia tobacco leaves with batch dryers, namely: thermogen models that use wood chips ("Model 1"), firewood ("Model 2") and pellets ("Model 3"), one model with natural gas thermogen combined with solar cells ("Model 4") and one thermogen with classic tobacco drying with ground gas ("Model 5"). In the first and third drying phase "Model 1" provides enough energy for drying the tobacco leaf but in the second phase it could not provide the required temperature, so it is necessary to increase the capacity of the combustion chamber. "Model 2" fully meets the requirements of tobacco leaf drying technology. Using pellets according to "Model 3" there were no difficulties and the tobacco was dried with good quality. Energy saving by using solar collectors according to "Model 4" is about 20%. Natural gas drying showed as the most expensive one.
Istraživanje je provedeno u vinogorju Kutjevo na položajima: Škomić, Vetovo, Hrnjevac, Vinkomir i Oljasi, na sorti Graševina tijekom 2020. godine. Položaji Vetovo, Hrnjevac i Vinkomir nalaze se na ...nadmorskim visinama iznad 300 metara dok su Škomić i Oljasi na oko 200 metara nadmorske visine na plodnijim tlima. Cilj istraživanja je bio prikazati utjecaj pojedinog položaja na dinamiku dozrijevanja grožđa i kakvoću mošta kroz osnovne parametre koji se danas najčešće koriste za određivanje tehnološke zrelosti grožđa. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno kroz prva dva tjedna rujna obzirom na klimatske prilike i ubrzano dozrijevanje grožđa. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u tri repeticije. Fizikalno kemijske analize uzoraka obavljene su na uređaju WineScan u laboratoriju Kutjeva d.d.. Utvrđene su razlike u sadržaju šećera i ukupne kiselosti. Mošt Graševine s položaja Škomić imao je najniži sadržaj šećera tijekom cijelog perioda dozrijevanja i najveću ukupnu kiselost. Razlike u pH vrijednosti između položaja nisu utvrđene.
The research was conducted in the Kutjevo vineyard at the locations: Škomić, Vetovo, Hrnjevac, Vinkomir and Oljasi, on the Graševina variety during 2020. Vetovo, Hrnjevac and Vinkomir are located at altitudes above 300 meters above sea level, while Škomić and Oljasi are at about 200 meters above sea level on more fertile soils. The goal of the research was to show the influence of a particular location on the dynamics of grape ripening and the quality of must through the basic parameters that are most often used today to determine the technological maturity of grapes. Sampling was done during the first two weeks of September due to the climatic conditions and accelerated ripening of the grapes. The experiment was set up in a randomized block arrangement with three repetitions. Physical and chemical analyzes of the samples were performed on the WineScan device in the Kutjeva d.d. laboratory. Differences in sugar content and total acidity were determined. Graševina must from Škomić had the lowest sugar content during the entire maturation period and the highest total acidity. Differences in pH value between positions were not determined.
Najzastupljenija vina u republici Hrvatskoj su vina sorte graševine. Od ukupne proizvodnje vina udio graševine iznosi čak 40,6 %. U uvjetima vinogradarske regije Slavonija i Hrvatsko Podunavlje od ...ove se sorte proizvode svi stilovi vina, od „mladog vina“, pjenušavog, dugo maceriranog, njegovanog na talogu kvasaca u hrastovim bačvama; od svih predikata do vrhunskih arhivskih primjeraka. Uz takvu raznolikost stilova vrlo je značajno definirati svako pojedino vino i na prikladan ga način predstaviti. Kako je iz više primjera vidljivo da često nedostaje vinskog vokabulara cilj rada je prikazati trenutne deskriptore pojedinih vina graševine Slavonije i Hrvatskog Podunavlja. S mrežnih stranica proizvođača vina prikupljeni su deskriptori boje, mirisa i okusa za 58 graševina koje su trenutno na tržištu. Kod vina redovne berbe najčešći deskriptori mirisa graševine vezani su uz zelenu jabuku, jabuku, citruse, cvjetno i voćno. Okus se najčešće opisuje kao svjež, lagan, ugodnih kiselina uz često isticanje blage gorčine koja se niti jednom ne spominje kod odležanih i maceriranih. Zrelija i kompleksnija vina zbog svoje složenosti često su opisana s više različitih deskriptora, a pojedini su vezani samo uz jedno vino.
The most represented wines in the Croatia are Graševina wines. Of the total wine production, Graševina occupies 40.6 %. In the conditions of the wine-growing regions of Slavonia and Croatian Danube, all styles of wine are produced from this variety, from "young wine", sparkling, long-macerated, aged on yeast lees in oak barrels, from all predicates to top archival examples. With such a variety of styles, it is very important to define each individual wine and present it in an appropriate way. As it is evident from several examples that there is often a lack of wine vocabulary, the aim of the paper is to present the current descriptors of individual Graševina wines from Slavonia and Croatian Danube. Color, fragrance and taste descriptors for 58 Graševins currently on the market were collected from the websites of wine producers. In the case of regular harvest, the most common descriptors of the Graševina fragrance are related to green apple, apple, citrus, floral and fruity. The taste is most often described as fresh, light, with pleasant acids, with frequent emphasis on mild bitterness, which is not even mentioned in aged and macerated wines. Due to their complexity, more mature and complex wines are often described with several different descriptors, and some are linked to only one wine.
Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj barrique bačava različite starosti na kakvoću senzornih karakteristika vina Babić, Plavac mali i Tribidrag. Istraživanje je provedeno u vinariji Galić d.o.o. ...iz Kutjeva. Grožđa od kojeg je proizvedeno vino potječe iz okolice Šibenika s položaja Jadrtovac. Organoleptička analiza vina provedena je deskriptivnom i metodom 100 bodova. Rezultati metode 100 bodova obrađeni su statistički. Prije same deskriptivne evaluacije uzoraka uz unaprijed postavljene opće deskriptore degustacijom samih uzoraka određeni su specifični deskriptori za svako pojedino sortno vino. Ocjenjivanje je proveo panel ocjenjivača educiran u sklopu projekta „Uncorking rural herirage“. Utvrđene su opravdane razlike u svojstvu mirisa i ukupne ocjene vina sorte Babić pri čemu je bolji rezultat postiglo vino iz nove barrique bačve. Utvrđena je statistički opravdana razlika kod svojstva kakvoće okusa vina sorta Plavac mali i Tribidrag. Bolje je ocjenjena kakvoća okusa vina Plavac mali iz nove bačve dok je kod vina sorte Tribidrag bolja kakvoća kod tretmana iz već korištene bačve.
The aim of the research was to determine the influence of barrique barrels of different ages on the quality of sensory characteristics of Babić, Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The research was conducted at the Galić d.o.o. winery from Kutjevo. The grapes used for wine production originate from Jadrtovac, a location in the surroundings of Šibenik. The organoleptic analysis of the wine was carried out using the descriptive and 100-point methods. The results of the 100 points method were processed statistically. Prior to the actual descriptive evaluation of the samples, in addition to the pre-set general descriptors, specific descriptors for each varietal wine were determined by tasting the samples. The evaluation was carried out by a panel of evaluators trained as part of the "Uncorking rural inheritance" project. Significant differences regarding the quality of aroma and the overall evaluation of the Babić wine variety were found, with the wine from the new barrique barrel achieving a better result. A statistically significant difference was found in the taste quality of Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The taste quality of the Plavac mali wine from a new barrel was rated as better, while the quality of the Tribidrag wine variety was better when treated from a previously used barrel.
Iako klasična proizvodnja bijelih vina podrazumijeva fermentaciju mošta, suvremeni trendovi podrazumijevaju proizvodnju bijelih vina uz maceraciju, odnosno fermentaciju masulja. Cilj ovog rada bio je ...utvrditi utjecaj duge maceracije grožđa na kakvoću vina 'Graševina'. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2021. godine u vinogradima i vinskom podrumu Veleučilišta u Požegi u vinogorju Kutjevo. Nakon berbe, kontrolni uzorak vina proizveden je klasičnim postupkom proizvodnje bijelih vina, te su provedena dva tretmana duge maceracije u periodu od 3 mjeseca - jedan uz sulfitiranje tijekom primarne prerade a drugi bez sulfita. U vinima su analizirani osnovni parametri kakvoće, koncentracija jabučne i mliječne kiseline, optička gustoća pri 280 nm, ukupni fenoli i antioksidativna aktivnost DPPH metodom. Statistički značajna razlika zabilježena je kod ukupnih fenola, kao i antioksidativnoj aktivnosti, s najvećim vrijednostima u maceriranom uzorku uz primjenu SO2. Organoleptičko ocjenjivanje uzoraka proveli su certificirani ocjenjivači, metodom 100 bodova. Najveću prosječnu ocjenu od 87 bodova dobilo je vino proizvedeno dugom mareracijom grožđa uz redovito sulfitiranje. Kontrolni tretman slabije je ocijenjen, sa 72 boda. Vino proizvedeno dugom maceracijom bez korištenja sulfita ocjenjeno je sa 66 boda uz napomenu pojedinih ocjenjivača o izraženoj oksidaciji.
Although classical production of white wines involves the fermentation of must, recently there has been a trend in the production of white wines with maceration processor fermentation of pomace. The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of long maceration of pomace on the quality of Graševina wine. The research was conducted in 2021 in the vineyards and wine cellar of the Polytechnic of Požega in the Kutjevo wine-growing hill. After harvesting, a control treatment was white wine produced by the classic production process, and a long maceration process was carried out on other two treatments over a period of 3 months, in two treatments - one with sulfites during primary processing and the other without sulfiting. The following basic parameters were determined in wines: alcoholic strength, reducing sugars, total acidity, malic, lactic acid, volatile acidity, pH, absorbance at 280 nm, total phenols and antioxidant activity by DPPH method. There was a statistically significant difference in the total phenols content, as well as antioxidant activity, with the highest values in the macerated sample containing SO2. Organoleptic evaluation of samples was performed by trained evaluators, using the 100-point method. The highest average score of 87 points was given to wine produced by long maceration with regular sulfiting during primary processing. Control treatment was rated lower by 72 points. Wine produced by long maceration without the use of sulfiting in the primary processing was evaluated with an average score of 66 points with a few remarks about the oxidation pronounced in the wine aroma.
Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi učinak gnojidbe dušikom (N) od 30 odnosno od 45 kg/ha, kao i trima komercijalnim dušičnim gnojivima, CaNO3 (15% N), KAN (27% N) i YaraMilaTM Cropcare (8:11:23), na ...agronomska svojstva: prinos, cijenu i vrijednost suhoga lista, kao i na šest morfoloških svojstava duhana tipa virdžinija. U poljski pokus, proveden u četiri okoline, bila su uključena tri hrvatska kultivara duhana. Gnojidba dušikom imala je signifikantan učinak samo na komponente prinosa: duljinu, širinu i površinu 9. lista, čije su vrijednosti kod gnojidbe s 45 kg N/ha bile za 2,2; 3,5 odnosno 5,8% veće u odnosu na gnojidbu s 30 kg N/ha. Tip korištenoga dušičnog gnojiva nije imao signifikantan učinak niti na jedno ispitivano svojstvo. Uzorak korelacija između morfoloških i gospodarskih svojstava bio je pod utjecajem okoline, kao i razine gnojidbe. Iako nije utvrđen učinak gnojidbe na gospodarska svojstva, signifikantno povećanje komponenata prinosa kod gnojidbe s 45 kg N/ha, u usporedbi s 30 kg N/ha, upućuje na višu razinu gnojidbe kao jamstvo osiguranja visokih i stabilnih prinosa te kvalitete osušenoga lista.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate of 30 and 45 N kg/ha, as well as three commercial N fertilizers, CaNO3 (15% N), KAN (27% N) and YaraMilaTM Cropcare (8:11:23) on the agronomic traits: yield, price, and value, as well as six morphological traits of flue-cured tobacco. The field experiments, which included three Croatian tobacco cultivars, were conducted in four environments. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect only on yield components: length, width and area of the 9th leaf, whose values for fertilization with 45 kg N/ha were 2.2%, 3.5%, and 5.8% higher, respectively, compared to fertilization with 30 kg N/ha. The type of N fertilizer did not have a significant effect on any of the traits. The pattern of correlations between morphological and economic traits was influenced by the environment, as well as by the level of fertilization. Although no effect of fertilization level on economic traits was found, the significant increase in yield components at 45 kg N/ha compared to 30 kg N/ha suggests a higher level of fertilization as a guarantee of ensuring high and stable yields and quality of the cured leaf.
Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi učinak živoga mikoriznog cjepiva na dinamiku opskrbljenosti biljnim hranivima vinove loze. Pokus je proveden na kultivaru Graševina (Vitis vinifera L.), cijepljenome ...na podlozi SO4 u uvjetima Vinogorja Kutjevo. Uzgojni oblik je Guyot, s opterećenjem od 10 pupova. U neposrednu blizinu korijenova sustava inokulirano je 20 ml mikorizne suspenzije koja sadrži oko 2000 propagacijskih jedinica živoga mikoriznog micelija. Istraživanje je provedeno u dvama klimatski vrlo različitim godinama. Prvu godinu istraživanja (2014.) karakterizirale su obilne oborine i manje sunčanih dana, što je rezultiralo kasnijom tehnološkom zrelošću grožđa od 34 dana u odnosu na 2015. godinu, koja je u periodu dozrijevanja grožđa bila iznadprosječno topla i suha. U obje godine istraživanja, u uvjetima slabe opskrbljenosti tla organskom tvari, fosforom i kalijem, mikorizna simbioza utjecala je na veći sadržaj fosfora i kalija u suhoj tvari list kultivara Graševine. U godini s više oborina i manje topline utvrđen je veći sadržaj dušika u listovima trsova s mikoriznom simbiozom. U suhim i toplim uvjetima tijekom cijeloga perioda dozrijevanja grožđa povećan je sadržaj kalcija, a opravdano veći sadržaj cinka, mangana i željeza utvrđen je u periodu neposredno prije tehnološke zrelosti grožđa. Nije utvrđen pozitivan utjecaj mikorize na urod, sadržaj šećera i ukupnu kiselost.
The most represented wines in the Croatia are Graševina wines. Of the total wine production, Graševina occupies 40.6 %. In the conditions of the wine-growing regions of Slavonia and Croatian Danube, ...all styles of wine are produced from this variety, from "young wine", sparkling, long-macerated, aged on yeast lees in oak barrels, from all predicates to top archival examples. With such a variety of styles, it is very important to define each individual wine and present it in an appropriate way. As it is evident from several examples that there is often a lack of wine vocabulary, the aim of the paper is to present the current descriptors of individual Graševina wines from Slavonia and Croatian Danube. Color, fragrance and taste descriptors for 58 Graševins currently on the market were collected from the websites of wine producers. In the case of regular harvest, the most common descriptors of the Graševina fragrance are related to green apple, apple, citrus, floral and fruity. The taste is most often described as fresh, light, with pleasant acids, with frequent emphasis on mild bitterness, which is not even mentioned in aged and macerated wines. Due to their complexity, more mature and complex wines are often described with several different descriptors, and some are linked to only one wine.
The aim of the research was to determine the influence of barrique barrels of different ages on the quality of sensory characteristics of Babić, Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The research was ...conducted at the Galić d.o.o. winery from Kutjevo. The grapes used for wine production originate from Jadrtovac, a location in the surroundings of Šibenik. The organoleptic analysis of the wine was carried out using the descriptive and 100-point methods. The results of the 100 points method were processed statistically. Prior to the actual descriptive evaluation of the samples, in addition to the pre-set general descriptors, specific descriptors for each varietal wine were determined by tasting the samples. The evaluation was carried out by a panel of evaluators trained as part of the "Uncorking rural inheritance" project. Significant differences regarding the quality of aroma and the overall evaluation of the Babić wine variety were found, with the wine from the new barrique barrel achieving a better result. A statistically significant difference was found in the taste quality of Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The taste quality of the Plavac mali wine from a new barrel was rated as better, while the quality of the Tribidrag wine variety was better when treated from a previously used barrel.
The research was conducted in the Kutjevo vineyard at the locations: Škomić, Vetovo, Hrnjevac, Vinkomir and Oljasi, on the Graševina variety during 2020. Vetovo, Hrnjevac and Vinkomir are located at ...altitudes above 300 meters above sea level, while Škomić and Oljasi are at about 200 meters above sea level on more fertile soils. The goal of the research was to show the influence of a particular location on the dynamics of grape ripening and the quality of must through the basic parameters that are most often used today to determine the technological maturity of grapes. Sampling was done during the first two weeks of September due to the climatic conditions and accelerated ripening of the grapes. The experiment was set up in a randomized block arrangement with three repetitions. Physical and chemical analyzes of the samples were performed on the WineScan device in the Kutjeva d.d. laboratory. Differences in sugar content and total acidity were determined. Graševina must from Škomić had the lowest sugar content during the entire maturation period and the highest total acidity. Differences in pH value between positions were not determined.
PDF
