OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pregnancy on progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.
STUDY DESIGN: We compared the immunologic, clinical, and ...virologic courses of 953 women who had no additional pregnancy after their index pregnancy, with the courses of 329 women who had a second pregnancy subsequent to their index pregnancy. Baseline variables included use of antiretroviral therapy, and CD4 and HIV RNA values. A linear spline growth curve model was used to describe trajectories of variables. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess selected covariates on the time to development of clinical class C events or death.
RESULTS: Women with repeat pregnancies were less likely to be on antiretroviral therapy at baseline and had a higher CD4% count immediately after their first delivery. The average trajectory of CD4 values in the one-pregnancy group was almost identical to the average trajectory in the repeat pregnancy group. RNA levels in the single-pregnancy group started higher but ended lower than in the second-pregnancy group, although slope differences were modest. There were no significant differences in time to class C events, although women in the repeat-pregnancy group tended to survive longer.
CONCLUSION: Repeat pregnancies do not have significant effects on the course of HIV disease.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and
2 Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung
Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London SW3 6LY,
United Kingdom; and 3 ... Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science,
Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore,
Maryland 21224
Rapid cooling
contractures were used in this study to test whether low-dose ramipril
improves sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ uptake and
Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger function in isolated
hypertrophied rat myocytes. Compensated cardiac hypertrophy was induced
by abdominal aortic constriction for 5 wk followed by administration of
ramipril (50 µg · kg 1 · day 1 ) or
vehicle for 4 wk. Myocyte cell length and cell width were significantly
( P < 0.05) increased in both hypertrophied groups (±ramipril). Myocytes were loaded with indo 1, and relaxation was
investigated after rapid cooling. Hypertrophied myocyte relaxation in
Na + -free/Ca 2+ -free solution was 63% slower
( P < 0.01) and the fall in intracellular Ca 2+ was 60% slower ( P < 0.05) than the
relaxation of control cells. After ramipril treatment both relaxation
and the decline in intracellular Ca 2+ returned to control
rates through improved SR Ca 2+ -ATPase function. Relaxation
in caffeine showed no change after hypertrophy; however, after ramipril
treatment the time to 50% relaxation in caffeine decreased by 30%
( P < 0.05). The improvement in Ca 2+
extrusion across the sarcolemmal membrane occurred independently of
changes in Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger mRNA and protein
abundance. These data demonstrate that ramipril improves both
SR-dependent and non-SR-dependent calcium cycling after established
cardiac hypertrophy. However, the improvements in function are
independent of transcriptional activation and likely to involve altered
intracellular ion concentrations.
myocytes; Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger; sarcoplasmic
reticulum; ATPase; mRNA; protein abundance
This paper presents a state-of-the-art 65nm CMOS transistor technology using 300mm bulk substrate. Device offering is classified as High Speed (HS), General Purpose (G) and Low Power (LP) so as to ...cover the whole foundry application space with various power and performance requirement. High volume manufacturable 55nm / 45nm and <40nm gate length transistor at EOT 1.95nm / 1.4nm and 1.2nm are achieved using thermal cycle reduction together with optimized gate height and gate activation dose. Advantage of Laser Spike Anneal (LSA) over conventional RTA is demonstrated for the first time. NFET poly depletion is reduced by 1 A and drive current is increased by 7%.
We examined the hypothesis that the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril at sub-antihypertensive concentrations could improve sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) CaATPase expression and function ...in compensated hypertrophied rat hearts. Five weeks after abdominal aortic constriction, rats received a daily dose (50μg/kg/day) of ramipril or vehicle for 4 weeks. Cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity increased with cardiac hypertrophy (CH) but returned to normal following ramipril treatment. SR CaATPase protein levels and activity decreased with CH (P<0.05) and were normalized following ramipril treatment (P<0.05 for protein and activity). No change in phospholamban (PLB) protein levels could be demonstrated between any of the groups. In contrast, ramipril treatment specifically increased control SR CaATPase and PLB mRNA levels by >60% (P<0.01) and >30%, respectively. In the hypertrophied group, SR CaATPase increased by 35% (P<0.05n=6) after ramipril treatment. Calsequestrin mRNA levels were unaffected by ramipril administration. In conclusion, ramipril normalizes SR CaATPase protein expression and function in pressure-overloaded and compensated CH. The effects of ramipril are however multifaceted, affecting RNA and protein expression differentially.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
36.
Proportional chambers for the barrel hadron calorimeter of the L3 experiment
Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment/Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/1989
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The significance of the molecular weight to the product performance is shown in Fig. 2, with molecular weight represented by viscosity. In this case, failures are detected by cracking of the molded ...component after downstream processing. Evidently, molecular weight degradation has shifted the material into a regime where the tensile strength/molecular weight dependence is nearly exponential.
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