Southeast Asia consists of several microcontinents that detached from the northeastern margin of Gondwanaland. The Song Ma belt in northern Vietnam consists of ophiolite, metabasite, metasedimentary ...rocks and eclogite, and it is thought to be a suture zone between the Indochina and South China blocks. However, the nature and boundaries of the Song Ma belt and the collision age of the two blocks have long been debated. In this article, petrological and geochemical studies on the Song Ma ophiolite and eclogite and first sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) age dating of eclogite provide new light to resolve such debate. Eclogite consisting of garnet, omphacite, phengite, quartz, barroisite and rutile is closely associated with garnet–phengite–quartz schist in the ‘Nam Co antiform’, a northern subunit of the Song Ma belt. The eclogite experienced a three‐stage metamorphic evolution: (I) pre‐eclogite stage (amphibolite facies) defined by inclusions of taramite, barroisite, quartz, zoisite/epidote, mica, rutile & rare chlorite in garnet, (II) eclogite stage and (III) retrograde stage of amphibolite to greenschist facies. The P–T conditions of the three stages are of 14–16 kbar and 520–550 °C (I), 24–27 kbar and 650–750 °C (II), and 3–7 kbar and 430–510 °C (III), and show a clockwise P–T path based on their mineral assemblages and stability fields in the P–T pseudosection. Thermobarometric results yield similar peak pressure and temperature (26–28 kbar and 650–710 °C). These data suggest that the Song Ma eclogite underwent high‐pressure metamorphism in subduction zone with a low thermal gradient ∼8 °C km−1. The Song Ma ophiolite is composed of serpentinized peridotite, gabbro, basalt, mafic dyke and chert, and experienced ocean‐floor metamorphism. Metabasalt and gabbro of ophiolite suite and eclogite all have MORB‐type geochemical affinities. Zircon separates from eclogite have very low Th/U ratios of 0.01–0.05, indicating a metamorphic origin. SHRIMP U–Pb isotopic analyses of this zircon yield a 206Pb/238U weighted mean age of 230.5 ± 8.2 Ma. This age is interpreted as the closure age of the Paleotethys Ocean that separated the South China and Indochina blocks, and the subsequent collision of the two blocks that took place at the Middle Triassic corresponding to the major episode of the Indosinian Orogeny.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Among physical attributes, dimensions and weight of agricultural products are important parameters that are useful for designing grading/packaging systems. Size and weight measurements usually ...require extensive time and labor. Moreover, it is often difficult to accurately do the measurements for the products having irregular shapes, such as sweet potatoes. Even though there are many previous works on the topic, they either lack accuracy or require multiple captures and computing power to reconstruct the three-dimensional representation of the products. This paper proposes the measurement of sweet potato features, including the body length, width, and thickness, by using a simple vision system that requires only a single camera to capture a top-view image of the products. After the background segmentation step, the product is virtually sliced into many equal slices along the longitudinal axis. The volume of the product is calculated as the summation of the volumes of these individual slices. Since there is a high correlation between the products' weight and volume, the weight of the product can be calculated. The experimental results obtained show that the proposed approach is accomplished with highly competitive results, which have an accuracy of up to 96% (with an R
2
of 0.98) for the volume estimation task and an accuracy of up to 95% (with an R
2
of 0.96) for the weight estimation task. Due to its simplicity, this model can be used to design and develop the sizing/weighing/packaging systems.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Epileptic seizure is a neurological condition caused by short and unexpectedly occurring electrical disruptions in the brain. It is estimated that roughly 60 million individuals worldwide have had an ...epileptic seizure. Experiencing an epileptic seizure can have serious consequences for the patient. Automatic seizure detection on electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is essential due to the irregular and unpredictable nature of seizures. By thoroughly analyzing EEG records, neurophysiologists can discover important information and patterns, and proper and timely treatments can be provided for the patients. This research presents a novel machine learning-based approach for detecting epileptic seizures in EEG signals. A public EEG dataset from the University of Bonn was used to validate the approach. Meaningful statistical features were extracted from the original data using discrete wavelet transform analysis, then the relevant features were selected using feature selection based on the binary particle swarm optimizer. This facilitated the reduction of 75% data dimensionality and 47% computational time, which eventually sped up the classification process. After having been selected, relevant features were used to train different machine learning models, then hyperparameter optimization was utilized to further enhance the models' performance. The results achieved up to 98.4% accuracy and showed that the proposed method was very effective and practical in detecting seizure presence in EEG signals. In clinical applications, this method could help relieve the suffering of epilepsy patients and alleviate the workload of neurologists.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a brain disorder that causes uncontrollable movements. According to estimation, roughly ten million individuals worldwide have had or are developing PD. This disorder can ...have severe consequences that affect the patient’s daily life. Therefore, several previous works have worked on PD detection. Automatic Parkinson’s Disease detection in voice recordings can be an innovation compared to other costly methods of ruling out examinations since the nature of this disease is unpredictable and non-curable. Analyzing the collected vocal records will detect essential patterns, and timely recommendations on appropriate treatments will be extremely helpful. This research proposed a machine learning-based approach for classifying healthy people from people with the disease utilizing Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) for feature selection, along with Light Gradient Boosted Machine (LGBM) to optimize the model performance. The proposed method shows highly competitive results and has the ability to be developed further and implemented in a real-world setting.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Song-Ma suture zone including the "classical Song Ma suture" and the Nam Co antiform between Indochina and South China blocks in northern Vietnam is a crucial area for understanding the tectonic ...evolution of Southeast Asia. To explore their natures and evolutionary history, this paper reports new petrological studies and SIMS zircon U-Pb age data for the Song Ma ophiolites, metabasites and fine-grained quartzite. The Song Ma ophiolites consist mainly of peridotite (...), basalt and gabbro, and experienced greenschist- to lower amphibolite-facies ocean-floor metamorphism. Lenses of rodingite and altered pyroxenite in serpentinites formed during alternation of peridotite. We identified two types of zircon in the altered pyroxenite: I uniform metamorphic (70 vol.%), and II, zircon having inherited magmatic cores and metamorphic rims (30 vol.%). All U-Pb analyses of both zircon types yield an upper intercept age of 340 ± 29 Ma that we interpret as the protolith age. Type I zircon and Type II metamorphic rims together yield a mean ...80 ± 2 Ma, with rodingite forming broadly coevally at 283 to 282 Ma. Metabasalt (plagioclase-amphibole schist) has a MORB-type geochemical affinity. Magmatic zircon from a plagioclase-amphibole schist yields a protolith age of 315 ± 4 Ma. High-pressure eclogite, garnet-phengite-quartz schist, and garnet-hornblende rock are distributed in the northwestern Nam Co antiform. Zircon crystals from both eclogite and garnet hornblende rock have low Th/U ratios of 0.01 to 0.07 and 0.02 to 0.06, and yield metamorphic ages of 231 ± 8 Ma and 228 ± 3 Ma, respectively. The ages of detrital zircon grains from fine-grained, banded quartzite from the Nam Co antiform range from Paleozoic to Proterozoic with a peak at 1.7 to 1.8 Ga. All available data indicate a three-stage tectonic evolution: (1) 340 to 280 Ma: the Paleotethys that separated the Indochina and South China blocks was characterized by oceanic crust formation at 340 to 315 Ma and ocean-floor metamorphism at 283 to 280 Ma, (2) <280 to 230 Ma: the Paleotethyan oceanic lithosphere was subducted and subjected to HP metamorphism at ca. 230 Ma; closure of the Paleotethys led to collision between the Indochina and south China blocks in the Middle Triassic; and (3) <230 Ma: breakoff of the Paleotethyan oceanic lithosphere with subsequent exhumation of the subducted slabs. The HP metamorphic rocks were tectonically juxtaposed against the Nam Co complex. However the subduction polarity (northward versus southward subduction) is problematic, and requires more investigation. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
Let u be a weak solution of the instationary Navier–Stokes equations in a completely general domain Ω⊆R3$\Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R}^3$ which additionally satisfies the strong energy inequality. ...Firstly, we prove that u is regular if the kinetic energy 12∥u(t)∥22$\frac{1}{2}\big \Vert u(t)\big \Vert _2^2$ is left‐side Hölder continuous with Hölder exponent 12$\frac{1}{2}$ and with a sufficiently small Hölder seminorm. This result extends the previous ones by several authors 5, 6, 7, 8 in which the domain Ω is additionally supposed to be bounded or have the uniform C2‐boundary ∂Ω$\partial \Omega$. Secondly, we show that if u(t)∈D(A14)$u(t) \in \mathbb {D}\Big(A^\frac{1}{4}\Big)$ and limδ→0+∥A14(u(t−δ)−u(t))∥2<C$\lim _{\delta \rightarrow 0^+}\Big \Vert A^\frac{1}{4}\big (u(t-\delta )-u(t)\big )\Big \Vert _2<C$ for all t∈0,T)$t\in 0, T)$ with a sufficiently small positive constant C then u is regular in 0, T). Our proofs use the theory about the existence of local strong solutions and uniqueness arguments in the general domain.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Coordinated and synchronous surveillance for zoonotic viruses in both human clinical cases and animal reservoirs provides an opportunity to identify interspecies virus movement. Rotavirus (RV) is an ...important cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. In this study, we document the RV diversity within co-located humans and animals sampled from the Mekong delta region of Vietnam using a primer-independent, agnostic, deep sequencing approach. A total of 296 stool samples (146 from diarrhoeal human patients and 150 from pigs living in the same geographical region) were directly sequenced, generating the genomic sequences of sixty human rotaviruses (all group A) and thirty-one porcine rotaviruses (thirteen group A, seven group B, six group C, and five group H). Phylogenetic analyses showed the co-circulation of multiple distinct RV group A (RVA) genotypes/strains, many of which were divergent from the strain components of licensed RVA vaccines, as well as considerable virus diversity in pigs including full genomes of rotaviruses in groups B, C, and H, none of which have been previously reported in Vietnam. Furthermore, the detection of an atypical RVA genotype constellation (G4-P6-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1) in a human patient and a pig from the same region provides some evidence for a zoonotic event.
Annona muricata Linn. (soursop) belongs to the Annonaceae family. This plant has been traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases. In this study, the effect ...of storage conditions (room and cold condition) on Annona muricata nutrients was evaluated on the basis of color, vitamin C, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (DPPH). The change in Lab* brightness (64.34 ± 4.18a, -4.61 ± 0.31a, 12.80 ± 0.57a for fresh sample) was negligible during the 10 day cooling process (66.22 ± 2.33ab, -0.58 ± 7.89a, 9.03 ± 0.85b). These criteria have not changed compared to the original sample after 2 days. The effect of room temperature on properties of Soursop was significant. After 8 and 10 days, it was impossible to quantify TAA, TPC and ABTS of the sample. The values of the two samples (8 and 10 days) at low temperatures were respectively 4.46 ± 0.35 and 3.27 ± 0.33 (TAA); 3.00 ± 0.05 and 2.64 ± 0.30 (TPC); 0.66 ± 0.01 and 0.69 ± 0.04 (free-radicals scavenging capacity). The appearance and morphology of the samples are also graphically described.
The objective of this paper is to perform a hybrid design for an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to improve the dynamic voltage stability ...of a grid-connected wind power system. An onshore 99.2MW wind farm using Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is studied. To compensate the reactive power absorbed from the power grid of the wind farm, a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is proposed. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed hybrid PSO–ANFIS controller, simulations of the voltage response in time-domain are performed in Matlab to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed controller. From the results, it can be concluded that the proposed hybrid PSO-optimized ANFIS-based model can be applied to enhance the dynamic voltage stability of the studied grid-connected wind power system.
Retrospective analysis.
To define C2–C3 vertebral disc angle (VDA) in patients with and without cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
C2–C3 VDA is a new radiological index of cervical spine alignment. ...Recent studies have suggested that high postoperative values are associated with greater mechanical complications in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, normative values for patients without myelopathy has yet to be defined.
Patients with and without cervical myelopathy between 2017 and 2019 were included. Inclusion criteria were patients above 18 years of age with antero-posterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) cervical X-rays. In the non-myelopathic group, patients were excluded if they had neurological symptoms or deficits, presence of cervical axial pain, previous spinal surgery, or diagnosis of either spondylolisthesis or scoliosis. In the myelopathic group, patients were excluded if they had previous spinal surgery. Radiological indices evaluated include: C2–C3 disc angle, C2–C7 Cobb angle, C7 sagittal vertical axis, T1 slope.
In total, 99 patients without myelopathy and 22 patients with myelopathy were identified and analyzed. In patients without myelopathy, the mean for C2–C3 VDA was 25.9±7.9. For patients with myelopathy, preoperative values were 24.4±10.0 and 27.1±7.9 postoperatively. No statistically significant differences were found between patients with and without myelopathy. C2–C3 disc angle was not correlated with age (R=−0.173).
This study did not find statistically significant differences in C2–C3 VDA values between patients with and without cervical myelopathy. This study provides normative data for C2–C3 vertebral disc angle in patients with and without cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Furthermore, C2–C3 vertebral disc angle may be independent from age.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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