In this work, fascinating Co@C composites were elaborately designed and fabricated by a cobalt-seamed metal–organic nanocapsule (Co-MONCs), which exhibits incredibly high adsorption capacity as ...adsorbents for chlorpromazine removal from aquatic environments.
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•The Co-decorated magnetic carbon composites were designed by metal − organic nanocapsules precursors.•The title strategy product displayed high capacity toward chlorpromazine contaminant.•The plausible mechanism for adsorption of chlorpromazine was studied in detail.•Chlorpromazine was also suggested by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Rational designing of carbon-based adsorbent precursors is an important way to enhance adsorption performance. In this work, fascinating Co@C composites have been designed and fabricated using a new cobalt-seamed metal–organic nanocapsule (Co-MONC), which exhibits incredibly high adsorption capacity for chlorpromazine (CPZ) removal from aquatic environments. Benefiting from its interconnected micro- and mesoporous structures, well-dispersed and highly available Co adsorption active sites, the optimal Co@C-900 exhibits ultrahigh CPZ adsorption capacity (1039.53 mg g−1) and excellent recycling ability, outperforming the reported porous materials and commercial activated carbon. Moreover, the adsorption behaviors of CPZ for the composite have been comprehensively investigated and the plausible adsorption mechanism was proposed. Apart from this, the interaction mechanism between exposed Co adsorption active sites and CPZ have been suggested with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The presented investigation demonstrated a facile and designable strategy for the fabrication of highly effectively adsorbents for organic contaminant removal.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In recent years, China has made significant progress in exploring oil and gas in sandstone and carbonate rocks with burial depths of more than 6000 m in the Tarim, Sichuan, and Junggar Basins. These ...ultra-deep reservoirs have widely developed natural fractures that are important storage spaces and primary flow pathways influencing hydrocarbon enrichment and production. For ultra-deep tight sandstone, fractures caused by tectonic, diagenetic, tectonic-diagenetic, and overpressure processes are widespread. In the foreland thrust belt, which is divided into five fracture domains, fault-related folds affect fracture distribution in ultra-deep sandstones. For ultra-deep carbonate rocks, strike-slip faults control scale, structural style, and linkage evolution of fractures. Fractures formed over multiple periods. Many fractures in Cretaceous sandstones formed recently whereas some of those in carbonate rocks formed in the Paleozoic when strata were buried less than 5000 m. With the increase in burial depth, fracture porosity (and, probably) connectivity is reduced by mineral deposits. Fracture-forming processes include overpressure, present in situ burial and tectonic loading. Other variables modifying fractures include when fractures formed (timing), regional and local structural position, and scale and fluid flow leading to heterogeneity in whether fractures are mineral filled, open, or enhanced by dissolution. Our review provides insights into the origins, characteristics, evolution, and effectiveness of fractures in ultra-deep sandstone and carbonate rocks.
•Ultra-deep reservoirs develop natural fractures of tectonic, diagenetic, tectonic-diagenetic, and overpressure origins.•Fault-related folds and strike-slip faults are the foundational factors for controlling ultra-deep fracture development.•Natural fractures in ultra-deep reservoirs are mainly formed when their strata depth is less than 5000m.•Structural diagenesis, overpressure, and present in-situ stress affect the fracture effectiveness in ultra-deep reservoirs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper presents a new method for the recovery of iron and rare earth elements (REEs) from Bayan Obo tailings, which are the waste materials from the extraction of iron and REEs from the Bayan Obo ...ore deposit in Inner Mongolia, China. The method is based on the combination of microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction and acid leaching. The microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction can effectively reduce the iron oxides and REE oxides in the tailings to metallic iron and REE metals, respectively, and separate them from the gangue minerals. The acid leaching can then dissolve the REE metals from the reduced product and obtain a high-purity REE solution. The effects of various parameters on the performance of the method were investigated and optimized, and the mechanisms and kinetics of the reactions were analyzed and modeled. The results showed that the method can achieve a high recovery rate of iron and REEs, a high selectivity of REEs, a low energy consumption, and a simple process. The economic and environmental benefits of the method are also significant, as it can utilize the Bayan Obo tailings and recover the valuable elements from them, and reduce the waste generation and greenhouse gas emission. The method provides a new and efficient technology for the utilization of Bayan Obo tailings and the recovery of iron and REEs, and contributes to the fundamental understanding of the microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction and acid leaching processes.
Scandium can used in unique electronic or alloying materials such as aluminum-scandium alloys, magnesia-scandium alloys, laser glasses, superconductors and electronic components. However, there is no ...single scandium mine in the world. Scandium is usually associated with other minerals and is found in very low amounts. Therefore, it is very difficult to obtain scandium and it is of great significance to explore the appropriate extraction process for the production of scandium. This paper highlights key applications of scandium, resource characterization, and production advances with less polluting. It provides environmentally friendly methods for improve scandium product recovery, and optimize the existing process.
Abs are central to malaria immunity, which is only acquired after years of exposure to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Despite the enormous worldwide burden of malaria, the targets of protective Abs and ...the basis of their inefficient acquisition are unknown. Addressing these knowledge gaps could accelerate malaria vaccine development. To this end, we developed a protein microarray containing ∼23% of the Pf 5,400-protein proteome and used this array to probe plasma from 220 individuals between the ages of 2–10 years and 18–25 years in Mali before and after the 6-month malaria season. Episodes of malaria were detected by passive surveillance over the 8-month study period. Ab reactivity to Pf proteins rose dramatically in children during the malaria season; however, most of this response appeared to be short-lived based on cross-sectional analysis before the malaria season, which revealed only modest incremental increases in Ab reactivity with age. Ab reactivities to 49 Pf proteins measured before the malaria season were significantly higher in 8–10-year-old children who were infected with Pf during the malaria season but did not experience malaria (n = 12) vs. those who experienced malaria (n = 29). This analysis also provided insight into patterns of Ab reactivity against Pf proteins based on the life cycle stage at which proteins are expressed, subcellular location, and other proteomic features. This approach, if validated in larger studies and in other epidemiological settings, could prove to be a useful strategy for better understanding fundamental properties of the human immune response to Pf and for identifying previously undescribed vaccine targets.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Neuroblastoma (NB), which is considered to be caused by the differentiation failure of neural crest cells, is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children. The degree of tumor ...differentiation in patients with NB is closely correlated with the survival rate. To explore the potential targets that mediate NB cell differentiation, we analyzed four microarray datasets from GEO, and the overlapping down- or upregulated DEGs were displayed using Venn diagrams. SOX4 was one of the overlapping upregulated DEGs and was confirmed by RT-qPCR and Western blot in ATRA-treated NGP, SY5Y, and BE2 cells. To clarify whether SOX4 was the target gene regulating NB cell differentiation, the correlation between the expression of SOX4 and the survival of clinical patients was analyzed via the R2 database, SOX4 overexpression plasmids and siRNAs were generated to change the expression of SOX4, RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to detect SOX4 expression, cell confluence or cell survival was detected by IncuCyte Zoom or CCK8 assay, immunocytochemistry staining was performed to detect cells' neurites, and a cell cycle analysis was implemented using Flow cytometry after PI staining. The results showed that the survival probabilities were positively correlated with SOX4 expression, in which overexpressing SOX4 inhibited NB cell proliferation, elongated the cells' neurite, and blocked the cell cycle in G1 phase, and that knockdown of the expression of SOX4 partially reversed the ATRA-induced inhibition of NB cell proliferation, the elongation of the cells' neurites, and the blocking of the cell cycle in the G1 phase. These indicate that SOX4 may be a target to induce NB cell differentiation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers on the planet, with approximately 600,000 new cases diagnosed and 300,000 deaths every year. Research into the biological basis of HNC has ...advanced slowly over the past decades, which has made it difficult to develop new, more effective treatments. The patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are made from patient tumor cells, resembling the features of their tumors, which are high-fidelity models for studying cancer biology and designing new precision medicine therapies. In recent years, considerable effort has been focused on improving "organoids" technologies and identifying tumor-specific medicine using head and neck samples and a variety of organoids. A review of improved techniques and conclusions reported in publications describing the application of these techniques to HNC organoids is presented here. Additionally, we discuss the potential application of organoids in head and neck cancer research as well as the limitations associated with these models. As a result of the integration of organoid models into future precision medicine research and therapeutic profiling programs, the use of organoids will be extremely significant in the future.
Lignin terpolymer has been obtained by grafting copolymerization of both dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylamide (AM) onto lignin. The corrosion inhibition properties of the ...terpolymer were tested. The results showed that the highest corrosion inhibition percentage was over 95% in 10% HCl acid medium at 25
°C and 80
°C. The lignin terpolymer inhibitor adsorption followed Temkin isotherm at 25
°C and 80
°C, and the adsorption capability was in reverse proportion to the temperature according to −Δ
G
ads. The effects of corrosion inhibition are the comprehensive synergistic effect through the graft reaction among lignin, AM and DMDAAC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The proteolytic active sites of the 26S proteasome are sequestered within the catalytic chamber of its 20S core particle (CP). Access to this chamber is through a narrow channel defined by the seven ...outer α subunits. In the resting state, the N-termini of neighboring α subunits form a gate blocking access to the channel. The attachment of the activators or regulatory particles rearranges the blocking α subunit N-termini facilitating the entry of substrates. By truncating or mutating each of the participating α N-termini, we report that whereas only a few N-termini are important for maintaining the closed gate, all seven N-termini participate in the open gate. Specifically, the open state is stabilized by a hydrogen bond between an invariant tyrosine (Y) in each subunit with a conserved aspartate (D) in its counterclockwise neighbor. The lone exception is the α1-α2 pair leaving a gap in the ring circumference. The third residue (X) of this YD(X) motif aligns with the open channel. Phenylalanine at this position in the α2 subunit comes in direct contact with the translocating substrate. Consequently, deletion of the α2 N-terminal tail attenuates proteolysis despite the appearance of an open gate state. In summary, the interlacing N-terminal YD(X) motifs regulate both the gating and translocation of the substrate.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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