AbstractDigital literacy has been a popular research topic in the areas of library and information science, computer science, and education. Whereas emergence of the pandemic further facilitated the ...exchange of these fields. This study investigated scholarly articles about digital literacy over a 4-year time span and tried to depict the future research trends in higher education after the pandemic by employing the method of science mapping and visualizing to identify the prospective themes. Through analysing the collected data, results indicated that studies of digital literacy in higher education during the pandemic mainly focused on the application, evaluation, and challenges of digital literacy faced by students and teachers, but there were other themes from the perspectives of pedagogy, psychological well-being, and equity that will be addressed more in future studies. The findings of this study provide a further understanding of research trends and are beneficial for practitioners to gain insight.
The rise of augmented reality (AR) technology presents marketers with promising opportunities to engage customers and transform their brand experience. Although firms are keen to invest in AR, ...research documenting its tangible impact in real-world contexts is sparse. In this article, the authors outline four broad uses of the technology in retail settings. They then focus specifically on the use of AR to facilitate product evaluation prior to purchase and empirically investigate its impact on sales in online retail. Using data obtained from an international cosmetics retailer, they find that AR usage on the retailer’s mobile app is associated with higher sales for brands that are less popular, products with narrower appeal, and products that are more expensive. In addition, the effect of AR is stronger for customers who are new to the online channel or product category, suggesting that the sales increase is coming from online channel adoption and category expansion. These findings provide converging evidence that AR is most effective when product-related uncertainty is high, demonstrating the technology’s potential to increase sales by reducing uncertainty and instilling purchase confidence. To encourage more impactful research in this area, the authors conclude with a research agenda for AR in marketing.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
AbstractA large amount of field and experimental data has been devoted to rectangular excavations thus far. In contrast, very few data were available for cylindrical excavations, especially those ...with large diameters in thick soft clay deposits. Via a comprehensive instrumentation program on a 100-m-wide×25.89-m-deep unpropped (self-supported) cylindrical excavation constructed by the bottom-up method in Shanghai soft clay, the characteristics of this large-sized circular excavation were extensively investigated. This cylindrical shaft was a part of a large-scale deep foundation pit excavated by the central-island technique. The investigated items included (1) lateral wall deflections, (2) vertical wall movements, (3) lateral ground movements, (4) ground settlements, (5) subsurface settlements, (6) basal heaves, (7) vertical column movements, (8) column stresses, and (9) variation of pore pressures along depth and artesian water levels. Analysis of the field data indicates that discharging of the deep artesian water was one of the key factors affecting the excavation behaviors. The influence zone of basal heave caused by soil removal (stress relief) reached very deep soil layers, far beyond the depths reported in literature. Column movement and stress were shown to be reliable indicators of the relative movement between basal soils, diaphragm walls, and interior columns. Finally, the comparisons of this study with other bottom-up excavations in Shanghai, including 11 cylindrical excavations, 92 building basement excavations, and eight metro station excavations, demonstrate that self-supported (unpropped) cylindrical excavations had much stronger capabilities of resisting deformation than both multipropped regular basement excavations (in terms of deformation magnitudes) and long and narrow metro station excavations (in terms of scale of influence zones). For cylindrical shafts, their diameters, and not wall penetration ratios, played a dominant role in the determination of excavation behaviors. However, when the shaft diameter reached 90 m or more, the advantage of cylindrical shafts over rectangular pits in constraining wall deflection was no longer obvious.
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DOBA, FGGLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•A facile quasi-polymeric calcinations method is used to synthesize the p-n type LaFeO3/g-C3N4 heterostructured hybrid.•Deposition of nanosized g-C3N4 on LaFeO3 microsphere slowed ...electron-hole recombination and upped charge carriers’ lifetime.•P-n type LaFeO3/g-C3N4 heterostructured hybrid had much higher photocatalytic activity than pristine g-C3N4 and LaFeO3.•A Z-scheme charge carrier transfer pathway proposed based on solid p-n heterojunction interfacial interaction.
Materials of perovskite-type structure have attracted considerable attention for their applications in photocatalysis. In this study, a novel composite of p-type LaFeO3 microsphere coated with n-type nanosized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets was constructed by the quasi-polymeric calcination method with the aid of electrostatic self-assembly interaction. Results indicate that the LaFeO3/g-C3N4p-n heterostructured photocatalyst obtained, in contrast to the pure constituents, enabled improved visible-light absorption, and more efficient separation and migration of charge carriers via solid p-n heterojunction interfacial effect. Correspondingly, the LaFeO3/g-C3N4 composite allowed for higher visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Brilliant Blue, which was 16.9 and 7.8 times that of pristine g-C3N4 and LaFeO3, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of Brilliant Blue was ascribed to the combined contributions of the photogenerated holes (h+), superoxide radicals (O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (OH). Based on solid p-n heterojunction interfacial interaction, a Z-scheme charge carrier transfer pathway integrated with the dye-sensitization effect is proposed as the underlying mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction process. Therefore, we believe that the perovskite-type LaFeO3/g-C3N4 Z-scheme photcatalyst promotes the development of photocatalysis and holds much promise for environmental remediation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•ORF6, ORF8 and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 strongly inhibited type I interferon (IFN-β) activation and NF-κB pathway.•ORF6 and ORF8, but not nucleocapsid proteins, were capable of inhibiting ...ISRE-driven transcription activated by IFN-β.•ORF6, ORF8 and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 inhibited interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as ISG54 and ISG56.•ORF6, ORF8 and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 played critical roles in innate immune suppression during viral infection.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel human coronavirus causing the pandemic of severe pneumonia (Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is highly pathogenic in human, having posed immeasurable public health challenges to the world. Innate immune response is critical for the host defense against viral infection and the dysregulation of the host innate immune responses probably aggravates SARS-CoV-2 infection, contributing to the high morbidity and lethality of COVID-19. It has been reported that some coronavirus proteins play an important role in modulating innate immunity of the host, but few studies have been conducted on SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we screened the viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and found that the viral ORF6, ORF8 and nucleocapsid proteins were potential inhibitors of type I interferon signaling pathway, a key component for antiviral response of host innate immune. All the three proteins showed strong inhibition on type I interferon (IFN-β) and NF-κB-responsive promoter, further examination revealed that these proteins were able to inhibit the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) after infection with Sendai virus, while only ORF6 and ORF8 proteins were able to inhibit the ISRE after treatment with interferon beta. These findings would be helpful for the further study of the detailed signaling pathway and unveil the key molecular player that may be targeted.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The organization of genomic DNA into nucleosomes profoundly affects all DNA-related processes in eukaryotes. The histone chaperone known as 'facilitates chromatin transcription' (FACT
) (consisting ...of subunits SPT16 and SSRP1) promotes both disassembly and reassembly of nucleosomes during gene transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair
. However, the mechanism by which FACT causes these opposing outcomes is unknown. Here we report two cryo-electron-microscopic structures of human FACT in complex with partially assembled subnucleosomes, with supporting biochemical and hydrogen-deuterium exchange data. We find that FACT is engaged in extensive interactions with nucleosomal DNA and all histone variants. The large DNA-binding surface on FACT appears to be protected by the carboxy-terminal domains of both of its subunits, and this inhibition is released by interaction with H2A-H2B, allowing FACT-H2A-H2B to dock onto a complex containing DNA and histones H3 and H4 (ref.
). SPT16 binds nucleosomal DNA and tethers H2A-H2B through its carboxy-terminal domain by acting as a placeholder for DNA. SSRP1 also contributes to DNA binding, and can assume two conformations, depending on whether a second H2A-H2B dimer is present. Our data suggest a compelling mechanism for how FACT maintains chromatin integrity during polymerase passage, by facilitating removal of the H2A-H2B dimer, stabilizing intermediate subnucleosomal states and promoting nucleosome reassembly. Our findings reconcile discrepancies regarding the many roles of FACT and underscore the dynamic interactions between histone chaperones and nucleosomes.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this study, the corrosion behavior of SLM Inconel 718 samples was investigated under different post-treatments including various heat treatments and surface electrochemical polishing. From the ...test results, the new generation of precipitation of γ′/γ″ phase from the samples after HT 1040 and HT1100 can lead to a corrosion resistance improvement. A serious corrosion resistance performance decline can be found from the sample after HT1200 due to grain growth and large amount of Cr element transformation to carbide. A dense passivation coating over sample surface generated from ECP process can significantly increase both corrosion potential and pitting potential.
•Pitting corrosion resistance of selective laser melting (SLM) Inconel 718 was studied after various post-treatments.•SLM Inconel 718 samples after low temperature solution treatment can maintain the pitting corrosion resistance.•SLM Inconel 718 samples after high temperature solution treatment shows a very weak pitting corrosion resistance.•Electro chemical polishing process can significantly improve pitting corrosion resistance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
An enantioselective synthesis of spiropyrazolones from allenoate‐derived MBH acetates and pyrazolones through a phosphine‐mediated 4+1 annulation process has been developed. Spiropyrazolones were ...readily prepared in good chemical yields and good to high enantioselectivities. This is the first asymmetric example in which α‐substituted allenoates were utilized as a C4 synthon for phosphine‐catalyzed 4+1 annulation.
Optically enriched 4‐spiro‐5‐pyrazolones were prepared through phosphine‐catalyzed enantioselective 4+1 annulation. In this study, substituted pyrazolones were used as a C1 synthon in cycloaddition for the first time. Moreover, this is the first report in which α‐substituted allenoates were utilized in an asymmetric 4+1 annulation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Via a long-term comprehensive instrumentation program, the performance of a 26 m deep metro station excavation constructed by the top-down method in downtown Shanghai was extensively examined. The ...measured excavation responses included diaphragm wall deflections, wall settlements, ground settlements, uplifts of interior steel columns, axial forces of propping struts, groundwater table levels, and settlements of adjacent buildings and utility pipelines. Based on the analyses of field data, the following major findings were obtained: (i) the concrete struts along with the floor slabs effectively suppressed later wall movements and consequently reduced the chance that the maximum wall deflections would occur above the excavation surfaces, (ii) with the progress of excavation to a lower depth, the diaphragm walls underwent a serrated settlement pattern over time, (iii) no significant post-excavation wall deflection occurred, (iv) the relationship between the interior column uplifts and the maximum wall deflections can be described by a linear equation, and (v) most system loads due to soil removal were carried by the concrete struts along with the floor slabs. The struts sustained mainly the released earth pressures due to the exposure of the adjacent portions of diaphragm walls, and the soil removal distant from the struts imposed limited effects on the strut axial forces.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Both experimental test and FDM-DEM numerical studies were carried out to simulate tunnel leaking.•The process of seepage erosion caused by tunnel leaking was analyzed.•The stress change above the ...leaking tunnel after the seepage erosion was investigated.
For tunnel buried in water-rich sand stratum, water intrusion into tunnel lining would bring sand particles into the tunnel and then caused ground subsidence or even cave-in of roadway (sinkhole). Until now, limited studies have been contributed to this topic. To investigate the geo-hazards and explore the associated failure mechanism due to tunnel leaking, both experimental test and comprehensive numerical simulations using the validated finite-difference-method and discrete-element-method (FDM-DEM) coupling method were carried out in this study. It was disclosed that displacements of the sand stratum surrounding the leaking tunnel could be divided into three regions (erosion, displacement, and static zones) by two ellipsoids; the stress changes caused by seepage erosion around the leaking tunnel were similar to that observed by the active door test. Finally, a stress arching model accounting for seepage erosion around a leaking tunnel was proposed. This model can help professionals evaluate stability of overburdening strata by giving soil stress distributions in sand formation surrounding a leaking tunnel with seepage erosion.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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