A novel and efficient scandium-catalyzed oxidative reaction between ynamides and alcohols for the facile synthesis of various α-alkoxyl amides is reported in this paper. The reaction avoids the need ...for the use of α-diazo carbonyls which are unstable and may cause some safety concerns. Instead, by using alkynes as the starting materials, this protocol features readily available substrates, compatibility with a broad range of functional groups, simple procedure, mild reaction conditions, and high chemoselectivity.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
To explore which computed tomography (CT) features can predict pathological complete response (pCR) (ypT0N0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma ...(GC).
Materials and Methods
This study reviewed an institutional database of patients who underwent resection of GC after NAC and identified patients with pCR from January 2010 to December 2013. The correlations between pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy CT features and pCR were analyzed.
Results
Eleven of 199 patients with GC who achieved ypT0N0 status after NAC were classified as the pCR group in this study. After matching pCR (
n
= 11) and non-pCR patients (
n
= 44) in the ratio of 1:4, a total of 55 cases were analyzed. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the post-chemotherapy short diameter of the largest lymph node and tumor thickness ratio reduction were independent predictors of pCR, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Conclusion
Two CT features, including the short diameter of the largest lymph node post-chemotherapy and tumor thickness ratio reduction, are good predictors of pCR after NAC in patients with GC.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
A thermal and photo dual-responsive drug delivery system is newly designed for controlled anticancer drug delivery. The concept of this design is to encapsulate upconversion nanoparticles in a ...photoresponsive polymer to produce core–shell nanoparticles, in which NIR light is converted to UV/visible light to isomerize cross-linked bis(methacryloylamino)-azobenzene for the control of drug release. A facile scheme, which gives the details of two-step solvothermal treatment, microemulsion, distillation precipitation polymerization, and drug loading, is proposed to realize the design. The dual-responsive drug release behaviors of the system are reported to provide the information for potential development of cancer therapy. It is also found that the Baker–Lonsdale model is suitable for describing the drug release kinetics of this system and the values of the diffusion coefficient under various conditions are determined experimentally.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Genetic alterations, including
, and
promoter mutations (
-mu,
-mu,
-mu, respectively), 1p/19q co-deletion (1p/19q-codel), and
promoter methylation (
-M), are correlated with glioma tumor ...development. Therefore, these genetic alterations could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and classification of gliomas, combined with the immunohistochemical markers Ki-67 and p53. However, the correlation between these alterations and the expression of Ki-67 and p53 is poorly understood.
We analyzed the prevalence and prognosis of these five alterations, as well as Ki-67 and p53 expression, in 103 primary grade II-IV gliomas via fluorescence qPCR, Sanger sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry.
In the 103 cases,
-M was the most common alteration (70.9%), followed by
mu (58.3%),
mu (46.6%), 1p/19q-codel (34.0%), and
-mu (5.8%). No cases showed quintuple-positive alterations, but 26 cases (25.2%) showed quadruple-positive alterations (
-mu/
-mu/
-M/1p/19q-codel). The percentage of
-mu and 1p/19q-codel cases decreased with p53 expression, and the percentage of
-mu and 1p/19q-codel cases decreased with Ki-67 expression.
-mu,
-M, and 1p/19q-codel were positive factors for survival rates in glioma patients, while
-mu, p53, and Ki-67 positivity were negative factors. Old age, histological grade IV,
-mu, 1p/19q-codel, Ki-67+, and p53+/Ki-67+ were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). However, only p53+/Ki-67+ was an independent prognostic factor for OS in the multivariate Cox-model analysis.
mu only and quadruple-positivity were associated with good OS in glioma patients, while
-mu only,
-mu/
-M and p53+/Ki-67+ were associated with poor prognosis. Combining these genomic alterations and Ki-67/p53 expression should have clinical value in gliomas.
Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the prognostic role of platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with melanoma through performing a meta-analysis. Methods: ...PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for potential studies. The basic characteristics and relevant data were extracted. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to evaluate the prognostic role of PLR in patients with melanoma. Results: Ten studies enrolling 2422 patients were included. The pooled hazard ratios of higher PLR for overall survival and progression-free survival in melanoma were 1.70 (95% CI, 1.22–2.37) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.10–2.47), respectively. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses were also performed. No significant publication bias was observed. Conclusion: Our results showed that higher PLR was associated with poorer overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with melanoma. These findings may help to determine the prognosis and explore future novel therapies based on modulating inflammation and immune responses in melanoma.
Background
Tibetan hulless barley (
Hordeum vulgare
var.
nudum
), adjusting to the harsh environment on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, is a good subject for analyzing drought tolerance mechanism. Several ...unannotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through our previous RNA-Seq study using two hulless barley accessions with contrasting drought tolerance. One of these DEGs,
HVU010048.2
, showed up-regulated pattern under dehydration stress in both drought tolerant (DT) and drought susceptible (DS) accessions, while its function in drought resistance remains unknown. This new gene was named as
HvLRX
(
light responsive X
), because its expression was induced under high light intensity while suppressed under dark.
Objective
To provide preliminary bioinformatics prediction, expression pattern, and drought resistance function of this new gene.
Methods
Bioinformatics analysis of
HvLRX
were conducted by MEGA, PlantCARE, ProtParam, CELLO et al. The expression pattern of
HvLRX
under different light intensity, dehydration shock, gradual drought stress, NaCl stress, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The function of
HvLRX
was analyzed by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) in hulless barley and by transgenic method in tobacco.
Results
Full cDNAs of
HvLRX
were cloned and compared in three hulless barley accessions. Homologues of HvLRX protein in other plants were excavated and their phylogenetic relationship was analyzed. Several light responsive elements (ATC-motif, Box 4, G-box, Sp1, and chs-CMA1a) were identified in its promoter region. Its expression can be promoted under high light intensity, dehydration shock, gradual drought stress, PEG 6000, and NaCl stress, but was almost unchanged in ABA treatment.
HvLRX
-silenced plants had a higher leaf water loss rate (WLR) and a lower survival rate (SR) compared with controls under dehydration stress. The infected leaves of
HvLRX
-silenced plants lost their water content quickly and became withered at 10 dpi. The SR of
HvLRX
overexpressed transgenic tobacco plants was significantly higher than that of wild-type plants. These results indicated
HvLRX
play a role in drought resistance. Besides, retarded vegetative growth was detected in
HvLRX
-silenced hulless barley plants, which suggested that this gene is important for plant development.
Conclusions
This study provided data of bioinformatics, expression pattern, and function of
HvLRX
. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this new dehydration and light responsive gene.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Thrombocytopenia has long been considered an important complication of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which severely limits the effectiveness of cancer treatment and the overall survival of patients. ...However, clinical treatment options are extremely limited so far. Ruxolitinib is a potential candidate.
The impact of ruxolitinib on the differentiation and maturation of K562 and Meg-01 cells megakaryocytes (MKs) was examined by flow cytometry, Giemsa and Phalloidin staining. A mouse model of radiation-injured thrombocytopenia (RIT) was employed to evaluate the action of ruxolitinib on thrombocytopoiesis. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability assay (DARTS), RNA sequencing, protein blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were applied to explore the targets and mechanisms of action of ruxolitinib.
Ruxolitinib can stimulate MK differentiation and maturation in a dose-dependent manner and accelerates recovery of MKs and thrombocytopoiesis in RIT mice. Biological targeting analysis showed that ruxolitinib binds directly to Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) to activate Rac1/cdc42/JNK, and this action was shown to be blocked by C29, a specific inhibitor of TLR2.
Ruxolitinib was first identified to facilitate MK differentiation and thrombocytopoiesis, which may alleviate RIT. The potential mechanism of ruxolitinib was to promote MK differentiation via activating the Rac1/cdc42/JNK pathway through binding to TLR2.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) are commonly found simultaneously infecting different citrus cultivars in Taiwan. A crucial question to be addressed is how accumulations of ...these two viroids affect each other in an infected plant. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the two viroids at macroscopic and microscopic levels.
CEVd and HSVd titers were examined by real-time RT-PCR in 17 plants of two citrus cultivars (blood orange and Murcott mandarin) every 3 months (spring, summer, fall and winter) from 2011 to 2013. Three nonparametric tests (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficient and Hoeffding's inequality) were performed to test the correlation between CEVd and HSVd. Cellular and subcellular localizations of the two viroids were detected by digoxigenin- and colloidal gold-labeled in situ hybridization using light and transmission electron microscopy.
The two viroids were unevenly distributed in four different types of citrus tissues (rootstock bark, roots, twig bark and leaves). Compared with blood orange, Murcott mandarin was generally more susceptible to CEVd and HSVd infection. Both viroids replicated and preferentially accumulated in the underground tissues of the two citrus cultivars. Except for blood orange at high temperatures, significant positive correlations were observed between the two viroids in specific tissues of both cultivars. Relative to concentrations under single-infection conditions, the CEVd population significantly increased under double infection during half of the 12 monitored seasons; in contrast, the population of HSVd significantly increased under double infection during only one season. At cellular/subcellular levels, the two viroids showed similar localization patterns in four tissues and the cells of these tissues in the two citrus cultivars.
Our findings of titer enhancement, localization similarity, and lack of symptom aggravation under CEVd and HSVd double infection suggest that the two viroids have a positive relationship in citrus. The combination of molecular and cellular techniques used in this study provided evidence of titer correlation and localization of co-infecting viroids in the host. These methods may thus be useful tools for exploring viroid-viroid and viroid-host interactions.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
VAlN coating is of particular interest for dry cutting applications owing to its low-friction and excellent abrasiveness. Nano-multilayer structure is designed to tailor the properties of VAlN ...coating. In this work, a series of VAlN/Si
3
N
4
nano-multilayer coatings with varied Si
3
N
4
layer thicknesses were prepared by reactive sputtering method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were both investigated. It is revealed that Si
3
N
4
with a shallow thickness (∼0.4 nm) was crystallized and grown coherently with VAlN, showing a remarkable increase in hardness compared to VAlN monolayer coating. The hardness of coherently VAlN/Si
3
N
4
nano-multilayer coatings reached to 48.7 GPa. With further increase of Si
3
N
4
layer thickness, the coherent growth of nano-multilayers was terminated, showing amorphous structure formed in nano-multilayers and the hardness was declined. On the other hand, when Si
3
N
4
layer thickness was 0.4 nm, the friction coefficient of VAlN/Si
3
N
4
nano-multilayer coating was almost equal to that of VAlN monolayer coating, which was attributed to the crystallization of Si
3
N
4
and the produced coherent interfaces between VAlN and Si
3
N
4
for the hardening effect of nano-multilayer coatings. Upon further increase of Si
3
N
4
layer thickness, pronounced improvement of friction coefficient in VAlN/Si
3
N
4
nano-multilayer coating was observed.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Early exposure to formula milk increases the likelihood of cow's milk sensitization and food allergies in the later childhood. However, the underlying mechanisms are multifactorial and unclear. ...Fifty-five children from a follow-up birth cohort study were grouped into exclusive breastfeeding (EBF,
= 33) and formula feeding (EFF,
= 22) in the first six months of life. Urinary metabolites were longitudinally assessed and analyzed at 6 months, 1, and 2 years of age using
H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Integrated analysis of metabolic profiling associated with formula feeding and milk sensitization related to IgE reactions was also investigated. Twenty-two metabolites were significantly obtained in the EFF set at age 0.5, whereas nine metabolites were predominantly obtained in the milk sensitization set at age 1. A subsequent analysis of metabolic change from 6 months to age 1 identified eight metabolites, including 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, glutarate, lysine, N-phenylacetylglycine, N,N-dimethylglycine, 3-indoxysulfate, 2-oxoglutaric acid, and pantothenate associated with formula feeding and milk sensitization with same trend variation. Among them, 3-indoxysulfate, N-phenylacetylglycine, and N,N-dimethylglycine were gut microbial-derived without IgE association. By contrast, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, glutarate, and lysine were IgE related associated with formula feeding contributing to milk sensitization (
< 0.05). Longitudinal urinary metabolomic analysis provides molecular insight into the mechanism of formula feeding associated with milk sensitization. Gut microbial-derived metabolites associated with formula feeding and IgE associated metabolites related to branched-chain amino acid metabolism play roles in developing sensitization and allergic symptoms in response to formula feeding.
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