Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune condition with no identified cure currently. Recently, scientists have applied metabolomics to investigate altered metabolic profiles and unique ...diseases-associated metabolic signatures. Herein, we applied metabolomics approach to analyze serum samples of 41 RA patients and 42 healthy controls (HC) with the aim to characterize RA patients' metabolic profile, investigate related underlying pathological processes, and identify target metabolites. By utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, we found 168 proposed metabolites and 45 vital metabolic pathways. Our analysis revealed that deoxyinosine (DI), a metabolite of the purine metabolic pathway, was the most significant reduced metabolite in RA patients. Furthermore, through targeted detection, we confirmed lower concentration of DI in RA patients' peripheral blood. Moreover, DI inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. We further assessed DI's therapeutic potential in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) murine model. The results revealed that DI attenuated CIA, as evidenced by significantly lowered clinical scores of arthritis, alleviated joint swelling, and mitigated bone destruction. Moreover, we elucidated the underlying mechanism by which DI increased the population of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and suppressed the proliferation of induced T cells. Collectively, these findings suggested that DI potentially ameliorated RA by inducing immunosuppressive MDSCs. The study provides key observations on RA pathogenesis and may contribute to developing novel therapeutic strategies for this debilitating condition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A growing body of evidence suggests that gut microbiota could participate in the progression of depression
the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the detailed microbial metabolic profile changes in ...the progression of depression is still not fully elucidated. In this study, a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry-based untargeted serum high-throughput metabolomics method was first performed to screen for potential biomarkers in a depressive-like state in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mouse model. Our results identified that the bile acid and energy metabolism pathways were significantly affected in CUMS progression. The detailed bile acid profiles were subsequently quantified in the serum, liver, and feces. The results showed that CUMS significantly promoted the deconjugation of conjugated bile acid and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the increased secondary bile acid levels in the feces positively correlated with
,
, and
abundance. Taken together, our study suggested that changes in family
abundance following chronic stress increased biosynthesis of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a unconjugated secondary bile acid in the intestine. Aberrant activation of secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathway thereby increased the hydrophobicity of the bile acid pool, which might, in turn, promoted metabolic disturbances and disease progression in CUMS mice.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is inseparable from metabolic disorders but lacks assessment of specific metabolite alteration. To explore the sequential metabolic changes in PD progression, we evenly ...divided 78 C57BL/6 mice (10 weeks) into six groups (one control group and five experimental groups) and collected the hippocampus tissue of mice after treating with 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine, and probenecid (twice a week) at five periods (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks) for metabolome analysis. Our study identified 567 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) (total 4348 metabolites). Compared with controls, 145, 146, 171, 208, and 213 DAMs were obtained from the five experimental groups, respectively. Notably, 40 shared DAMs were present in five experimental groups, of which 22 shared DAMs formed a new metabolic network based on amino acid metabolism. Compared with group W3, 84 DAMs were identified in group W5, including 12 unique DAMs. DAMs in different stages of PD were significantly enriched in amino acid metabolism pathway, lipid metabolism pathway, and ferroptosis pathway. l‐Glutamine, spermidine, and l‐tryptophan were the key hubs in the whole metabolic process of PD. N‐Formyl‐l‐methionine gradually increased in abundance with PD progression, whereas 5‐methylcytosine gradually decreased. The study emphasized the sequential changes in DAMs in PD progression, stimulating subsequent studies.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The present report demonstrates two cases of transient inferior ST-segment elevation accompanied by profound hypotension and bradycardia immediately after transseptal puncture for catheter ablation ...of atrial fibrillation. This rare complication of transseptal puncture was resolved quickly within several minutes. The most likely mechanism of this phenomenon is coronary vasospasm, although coronary embolism can not be ruled out completely. This complication is characterized as follows： （1） The right coronary artery might be the most likely involved vessel and therefore myocardial ischemia usually occurs in the inferior wall of left ventricular; （2） Reflex hypotension and bradycardia by the Bezold-Jarisch reflex secondary to inferior ischemia often occur at the same time. Though it appears to be a transient and completely reversible phenomenon, there are still potential life-threatening risks because of myocardial ischemia and profound haemodynamic instability. Clinical cardioloaists should be aware of this rare comolication and orooerlv deal with it.
In terms of providing additional feeds and improving the soil fertility, planting forage crops during the fallow seasons is an effective strategy to promote resource utilization. The objective of ...this research was to compare the effects of planting different forage crops on the yields and nutritive compositions of forage and soil properties of winter fallow paddy in southern China. Five forage crops, including alfalfa (
, AF), common vetch (
, CV), milk vetch (
, MV), smooth vetch (
, SV) and Italian ryegrass (
, IR), were planted by monoculture on the winter fallow paddy in 2017-2018 (season 1) and 2018-2019 (season 2), respectively. The dry matter yield of IR was significantly higher than those of AF, CV, SV and MV (
<0.05). The crude protein yield of IR was significantly higher than those of AF, CV and MV (
<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of CV, SV and IR were significantly lower than those of AF and MV (
<0.05). Forage crops significantly affected the culturable microbial population of soils (
<0.05). The bacteria, actinomyces and fungi numbers on IR were the highest, while azotobacter number was the lowest. The catalase, acid-phosphatase and invertase activities of IR soil were the lowest. The numbers of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi of IR soil were the highest. IR and SV were the best crops to obtain forage and improve the soil. When producers pursue higher forage yield, we recommend planting Italian ryegrass. If the producers want to improve soil characteristics, smooth vetch is the most suitable plant. These results provide useful information to rice growers for cropping management when growing forage crops (based on the yield and nutritional value) or green manure (based on improving the soil fertility) as an alternative to late rice harvest.
Whole-crop wheat (
, WCW) has a high nutritional value and digestibility. No-tillage (NT) can reduces energy and labor inputs in the agricultural production process, thus decreasing production costs. ...There are many studies on planting techniques of WCW at present, few being on no-tillage planting. This study aimed to compare the effects of different tillage methods and maturity stages on the yield, nutritive value, and silage fermentation quality of WCW. The experiment included two tillage methods (NT; conventional tillage, CT), two maturity stages (flowering stage; milk stage), and three years (2016-2017; 2017-2018; 2018-2019). Years had a strong influence on the yield and nutritional composition of WCW. This was mainly related to the amount of rainfall, as it affects the seedling emergence rate of wheat. Although tillage methods showed no significant effects on the yield, plant height, and stem number per plant of WCW (
> 0.05), compared to CT, the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields of NT decreased by 0.74 t/ha and 0.13 t/ha. Tillage methods showed no significant effects on the nutritive composition of WCW (
> 0.05). The WCW at the milk stage had greater DM (5.25 t/ha) and CP (0.60 t/ha) yields than that at the flowering stage (3.19 t/ha and 0.39 t/ha) (
< 0.05). The acid detergent fiber concentration of WCW decreased by 34.5% from the flowering to the milk stage, whereas water-soluble carbohydrates concentration increased by 50.6%. The CP concentration at the milk stage was lower than that at the flowering stage (
< 0.05). The lactic acid concentration of NT (17.1 g/kg DM) silage was lower than that of CT (26.6 g/kg DM) silage (
< 0.05). The WCW silage at the milk stage had a lower NH
-N concentration (125 g/kg TN) than that at the flowering stage (169 g/kg TN) (
< 0.05). Wheat sown by NT and CT was of similar yield and nutritional value, irrespective of harvest stages. WCW harvested at the milk stage had greater yield and better nutritional composition and silage fermentation quality than that at the flowering stage. Based upon the results of the membership function analysis, no-tillage sowing of wheat was feasible and harvesting at milk stage was recommended.
To explore the main factors affecting the distribution of microbes on leaf surfaces, the relationship between population sizes of epiphytes and the morphological structure and main physical and ...chemical properties of leaves from stylo (
Stylosanthes guianensis
), alfalfa (
Medicago sativa
), maize (
Zea mays
), and cocksfoot (
Dactylis glomerata
) were investigated. The research results showed that the contents of soluble sugar and total phenolics on the leaf surfaces were positively correlated with those in the leaf tissues (
P
< 0.001). The leaves with high wax content had better moisture retention capacity. The content of soluble sugar on the leaf surfaces was positively correlated with population sizes of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds (
P
< 0.001). Likewise, a positive correlation was found between the content of inorganic phosphorus on the leaf surfaces and population sizes of LAB and aerobic bacteria. The total amount of wax on leaf surfaces was negatively related to population sizes of microbes, especially aerobic bacteria (
P
< 0.01) and molds (
P
< 0.001). On the contrary, the presence of trichomes provides a shelter for epiphytes and was positively correlated with population sizes of epiphytes at different degrees of significance. In conclusion, population sizes of epiphytes on the leaf surfaces were not only affected by chemical properties, but also by morphological traits of leaves.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
To address correlations between population sizes of microbes on the leaf surfaces and leaf morphological and physicochemical properties, various leaf morphological and physicochemical features as ...possible predictors of microbial population sizes on the leaf surfaces of four Napier grass cultivars were assessed. Results indicated microbes except for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) preferred to colonize the leaf surfaces bearing trichomes, and their population sizes were significantly correlated with trichomes, especially for yeasts. The population sizes of microbes were positively correlated with soluble sugar content (
p
< 0.05). Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between population sizes of microbes and wax content, except for yeasts. The multivariate regression trees (MRT) analysis showed different genotypes of leaf–microbe system could be characterized by four-leaf attributes with soluble sugar of leaf tissues being the primary explanatory attribute. Leaves with soluble sugar content below 9.72 mg g
−1
fresh weight (FW) were rarely colonized. For leaves with soluble sugar content above 9.72 mg g
−1
FW, water content was the next explanatory leaf attribute, followed by wax content on the leaf surfaces. Leaves with higher water content (> 73%) were more colonized, and small microbial population was associated with higher wax content (> 10.66 mg g
−1
dry matter). In conclusion, leaf chemical attributes have a higher contribution than morphological structure properties in determining population sizes of microbes on the leaf surfaces. The exuded soluble sugar and protein promote the development of microbial populations. For different genotypes of leaf–microbe system, the relationship between microbial abundance on their leaf surfaces and leaf morphological structure or physicochemical properties may be predicted by the MRT. Population sizes of microbes are primarily influenced by soluble sugar content under the water-rich conditions.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
Currently, our understanding of the effects of glaucousness on the population sizes of microbial communities on leaf surfaces is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the ...influence of glaucousness and chemical composition on the colony-forming unit (CFU) counts of microbes on leaf surfaces. Various leaf morphological and physicochemical features, microbial CFU counts and glaucousness on the leaf surfaces of wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Shimai No.1), rye (Secale cereale var. Gannong No.1) and triticale (Triticale wittmack var. Gannong No.2) were assessed. The results showed that larger CFU counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were found on the non-glaucous leaf surfaces in wheat than on the glaucous leaf surfaces in rye and triticale. The CFU counts of LAB and yeasts were negatively correlated with the amount of soluble wax (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the contents of starch and fructose in leaf tissue (P < 0.05), soluble and reduced sugars, soluble protein and free amino acids on leaf surfaces (P < 0.05). The CFU counts of microbes on leaf surfaces were mainly influenced by the level of available carbon sources and glaucousness of leaf surfaces.
The wheat leave surfaces without glaucousness were more colonized by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts than the rye and trticale surfaces with glaucousness.
Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CDNS) are a novel kind of polymers belonged to cross-linked derivatives of cyclodextrins, and they are safe, biodegradable materials with appreciable toxicity to the ...environment. In this work, CDNS were fabricated in one-step solvothermal method by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and diphenyl carbonate (DPC), for the removal of dyestuffs from wastewater using two of the familiar dyes as the model contaminant. It was systematically investigated by the influence of the amount of adsorbent, the molar ratio of β-CD and DPC, pH, time, and initial concentration. Experimental results showed the maximum adsorption capacities of Basic red 46 and Rhodamine B were 101.43 mg/g and 52.33 mg/g, the adsorption behavior of two contaminants followed pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir monolayer adsorption models. The differences in adsorption capacities on two model contaminants might due to the influence of dye structure. In conclusion, cyclodextrin-based nanosponges are a promising kind of environment-friendly materials in water treatment.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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