In this work, a Ga2O3-based Schottky photodiode array is fabricated and discussed, towards solar-blind UV image sensing application. The Ga2O3 thin film was prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor ...deposition, and the array was constructed via UV photolithography technique. Excited by 254 nm solar-blind UV light, the photodiode unit has responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and specific detectivity of 35.1 A/W, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.7\times 10 ^{4} </tex-math></inline-formula>% and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.6\times 10 ^{14} </tex-math></inline-formula> Jones at −10 V; and of 0.17 A/W, 83% and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.94\times 10 ^{13} </tex-math></inline-formula> Jones at 0 V. This indicates that it is a self-powered photodetector with high photo-response. The high external quantum efficiency at 0 V suggest a high-efficient photon-electron conversion efficiency. In addition, the multi-pixels photodiode array exhibited low current deviation of 6.5% towards high-resolution and low chromatic aberration image sensing.
This paper summarized and collated international literatures on graphene organic anticorrosion coatings in recent ten years and hierarchical and organized knowledge structures were formed. According ...to the role of graphene, from the perspective of theoretical and applied research, the improvement of graphene on organic anti-corrosion coatings were reviewed. In terms of the improvement of graphene on the shielding effect of coatings, the paper discussed the dispersion methods and orientation technology of graphene. A variety of graphene dispersion methods reported in the literatures were systematically organized according to dispersant groups, modification mechanisms, dispersion mechanisms and preparation processes. In terms of functional synergy, the functionalization of graphene was divided into two aspects. They were enhancement of adhesion and self-healing of the coatings. The increase in adhesion was attributed to the covalent bonds between the functional groups on the surface of graphene and the metal matrix. In the studies on self-healing of the coatings based on modified graphene, graphene acted as the load platform for self-healing functional groups. According to the self-healing groups supported by graphene, the self-healing mechanism was divided into catalytic passivation film and corrosion inhibitor adsorption film. Then, the paper discussed the practical problems and doubts encountered in the research and application of graphene in the field of anticorrosion, and that was the local corrosion acceleration phenomenon caused by the conductivity of graphene. Meanwhile, the way to solve the promotion of local corrosion were proposed. Finally, from the macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic perspectives, the paper summarized and discussed the influence mechanism of graphene conductivity and its orientation on the shielding effect and cathodic protective performance of zinc-rich coatings.
•International papers on graphene organic anti-corrosion coatings were reviewed.•A variety of graphene dispersion methods were systematically organized.•Enhancement of adhesion and self-healing by graphene was summarized.•Graphene-zinc coatings were reviewed from macro, meso and micro perspectives.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The speed of pollen tube growth is a major determinant of reproductive success in flowering plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) STIGMA-SPECIFIC PROTEIN1 (STIG1), a small Cys-rich protein from the ...pistil, was previously identified as a binding partner of the pollen receptor kinase LePRK2 and shown to promote pollen tube growth in vitro. However, the in vivo function of STIG1 and the underlying mechanism of its promotive effect were unknown. Here, we show that a 7-kD processed peptide of STIG1 is abundant in the stigmatic exúdate and accumulates at the pollen tube surface, where it can bind LePRK2. Antisense LePRK2 pollen was less responsive than wild-type pollen to exogenous STIG1 in an in vitro pollen germination assay. Silencing of STIG1 reduced both the in vivo pollen tube elongation rate and seed production. Using partial deletion and point mutation analyses, two regions underlying the promotive activity of the STIG1 processed peptide were identified: amino acids 80 to 83, which interact with LePRK2; and amino acids 88 to 115, which bind specifically to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate PI(3)P. Furthermore, exogenous STIG1 elevated the overall redox potential of pollen tubes in both PI(3) Pdependent and LePRK2-dependent manners. Our results demonstrate that STIG1 conveys growth-promoting signals acting through the pollen receptor kinase LePRK2, a process that relies on the external phosphoinositide PI(3)P.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Several polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been developed to predict the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in European descendants. We used genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data from 22 702 cases ...and 212 486 controls of Asian ancestry to develop PRSs and validated them in two case‐control studies (1454 Korean and 1736 Chinese). Eleven PRSs were derived using three approaches: GWAS‐identified CRC risk SNPs, CRC risk variants identified through fine‐mapping of known risk loci and genome‐wide risk prediction algorithms. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and area under the curve (AUC). PRS115‐EAS, a PRS with 115 GWAS‐reported risk variants derived from East‐Asian data, validated significantly better than PRS115‐EUR derived from European descendants. In the Korea validation set, OR per SD increase of PRS115‐EAS was 1.63 (95% CI = 1.46‐1.82; AUC = 0.63), compared with OR of 1.44 (95% CI = 1.29‐1.60, AUC = 0.60) for PRS115‐EUR. PRS115‐EAS/EUR derived using meta‐analysis results of both populations slightly improved the AUC to 0.64. Similar but weaker associations were found in the China validation set. Individuals among the highest 5% of PRS115‐EAS/EUR have a 2.52‐fold elevated CRC risk compared with the medium (41‐60th) risk group and have a 12% to 20% risk of developing CRC by age 85. PRSs constructed using results from fine‐mapping and genome‐wide algorithms did not perform as well as PRS115‐EAS and PRS115‐EAS/EUR in risk prediction, possibly due to a small sample size. Our results indicate that CRC PRSs are promising in predicting CRC risk in East Asians and highlights the importance of using population‐specific data to build CRC risk prediction models.
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Several polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed to predict colorectal cancer risk in European‐ancestry populations. Using data from large genome‐wide association studies, here the authors developed and validated PRSs for colorectal cancer risk prediction in East Asians. The PRS derived from this study showed a similar discriminatory ability in classifying cases and controls as that previously reported in European‐ancestry populations. The findings support the utility of PRSs in identifying high‐risk individuals for colorectal cancer prevention in Asians and highlight the importance of using population‐specific data to build colorectal cancer risk prediction models.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The presence of oral microbes in extra-oral sites is linked to gastrointestinal cancers. However, their potential ectopically colonization in the nasopharynx and impact on local cancer development ...remains uncertain. Our study involving paired nasopharyngeal-oral microbial samples from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and controls unveils an aberrant oral-to-nasopharyngeal microbial translocation associated with increased NPC risk (OR = 4.51, P = 0.012). Thirteen species are classified as oral-translocated and enriched in NPC patients. Among these, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia are validated through culturomics and clonal strain identification. Nasopharyngeal biopsy meta-transcriptomes confirm these microbes within tumors, influencing local microenvironment and cytokine response. These microbes correlate significantly with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in the nasopharynx, exhibiting an increased dose-response relationship. Collectively, our study identifies oral microbes migrating to the nasopharynx, infiltrating tumors, impacting microenvironments and linking with EBV infection. These results enhance our understanding of abnormal microbial communication and their roles in carcinogenesis.
This work describes a vibration-based structural health monitoring of a prestressed-concrete box girder bridge on the A100 Highway in Berlin by applying statistical pattern recognition technique to a ...huge amount of data continuously collected by an integrated monitoring system during the period from 2000 to 2013. Firstly, the general condition and potential damage of the bridge is described. Then, the dynamic properties are extracted from 20 velocity sensors. Environmental variability captured by five thermal transducers and traffic intensity approximately estimated by strain measurements are also reported. Nonlinear influences of temperature on natural frequencies are observed. Subsequently, the measurements during the first year are used to build a baseline health index. The multiple linear regression (MLR) method is used to characterize the nonlinear relationship between natural frequencies and temperatures. The Euclidean distance of the residual errors is calculated to build a statistical health index. Finally, the indices extracted from the following years gradually deviate; which may indicate structural deterioration due to loss of prestress in the prestressed tendons.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua Prout, Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a dominant chewing insect endemic in most tea-growing areas in China. Recently some E. obliqua populations have been found to ...be resistant to the nucleopolyhedrovirus (EoNPV), a host-specific virus that has so far been found only in E. obliqua. Although the resistant populations are morphologically indistinguishable from susceptible populations, we conducted a nationwide collection and examined the genetic divergence in the COI region of the mtDNA in E. obliqua. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA in 17 populations revealed two divergent clades with genetic distance greater than 3.7% between clades and less than 0.7% within clades. Therefore, we suggest that E. obliqua falls into two distinct groups. Further inheritance analyses using reciprocal single-pair mating showed an abnormal F₁ generation with an unbalanced sex ratio and the inability to produce fertile eggs (or any eggs) through F1 self-crossing. These data revealed a potential cryptic species complex with deep divergence and reproductive isolation within E. obliqua. Uneven distribution of the groups suggests a possible geographic effect on the divergence. Future investigations will be conducted to examine whether EoNPV selection or other factors prompted the evolution of resistance.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system, as a hallmark of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is the key pathophysiological factor contributing to the progression of tubulointerstitial ...fibrosis. LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains protein 1 (LIMS1) plays an essential role in controlling of cell behaviour through the formation of complexes with other proteins. Here, the function and regulation of LIMS1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and tubulointerstitial fibrosis was investigated.
C57BL/6 mice were treated with Ang II to induce tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) renal tubular-specific knockout mice or LIMS1 knockdown AAV was used to investigate their effects on Ang II-induced renal interstitial fibrosis. In vitro, HIF-1α or LIMS1 was knocked down or overexpressed in HK2 cells after exposure to Ang II.
Increased expression of tubular LIMS1 was observed in human kidney with hypertensive nephropathy and in murine kidney from Ang II-induced hypertension model. Tubular-specific knockdown of LIMS1 ameliorated Ang II-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LIMS1 was transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α in tubular cells and that tubular HIF-1α knockout ameliorates LIMS1-mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, LIMS1 promotes Ang II-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis by interacting with vimentin.
We conclude that HIF-1α transcriptionally regulated LIMS1 plays a central role in Ang II-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis through interacting with vimentin. Our finding represents a new insight into the mechanism of Ang II-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and provides a novel therapeutic target for progression of CKD.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Heterojunction photodetectors (PDs) with photovoltaic effect could play a crucial role in future energy-conservation photoelectronic devices for their self-powered work manner. Herein, a self-powered ...PD was successfully constructed on the all-oxide Ga 2 O 3 /V 2 O 5 thin-film heterojunction. With a type-I straddling band alignment, the Ga 2 O 3 /V 2 O 5 heterostructure demonstrated an obvious photovoltaic effect with an open-circuit voltage of 0.4 V. The large bandgap (5.01 eV) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\beta </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga 2 O 3 and the effective electron-hole pair separation within heterointerface produced a superhigh solar-blind spectral discriminability for the Ga 2 O 3 /V 2 O 5 heterojunction PD, with deep-ultraviolet (DUV)/visible rejection ratio (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{R}_{{240}}/{R}_{{400}} </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 6.0 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times 10^{{4}} </tex-math></inline-formula>, photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2.6 \times 10^{{7}} </tex-math></inline-formula>, on/off switching ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.87\times 10^{{5}} </tex-math></inline-formula>, and specific detectivity of 7.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times 10^{{13}} </tex-math></inline-formula> Jones. The largest responsivities in self-powered mode (0 V) and power-supply mode (−5 V) were 19.8 and 79.2 mA/W, respectively. The excellent self-powered photodetection performance of Ga 2 O 3 /V 2 O 5 oxide heterojunction provides a new strategy for next-generation energy-conservation solar-blind PDs.
Due to atmospheric turbulence, optical system limitations, satellite platform jitter, and other reasons, remote-sensing images inevitably undergo different degrees of degradation. Employing the ...deep-learning method to improve the on-orbit image quality faces many challenges such as lack of data, limited computing resources, network architecture design, and so on. Among these factors, establishing a physics-guided dataset during the image restoration stage and avoiding unforeseen effects such as ringing pose a significant challenge for remote-sensing image restoration. This letter proposes an optical imaging degradation simulation model and transformer-based algorithm to improve remote-sensing image quality. First, we model the degradation result from phase to image of optical remote-sensing imaging using Zernike polynomials, thus, a large-scale paired dataset is constructed. Then, a multilevel feature fusion transformer (MFFormer) is introduced to mitigate the defect during restoration. The proposed algorithm incorporates a multilevel feature fusion (MFF) module to fuse feature information from multiscales effectively. Additionally, a multilevel space and frequency loss function is introduced to enhance the learning of high-frequency information to ensure that the edge suppresses noise amplification and ringing effects during recovery. Finally, experimental results on synthetic data show that our method improved by 25.4% and 22.3% with the blurred images on the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM) index. Visual results on the GaoFen-1/2A PMS images have enhanced clarity and suppressed artifacts such as ringing which demonstrate the effectiveness and capability of our proposed method.
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