Tellurium is a high-performance thermoelectric material due to its superior electronic transport and low lattice thermal conductivity (κL). Here, we report the ultralow κL in the monolayer tellurium, ...i.e., tellurene, which has been successfully synthesized in recent experiments. We find that tellurene has a compellingly low room temperature κL of 2.16 and 4.08 W m-1 K-1 along the armchair and zigzag directions, respectively, which is lower than any reported values for other 2D materials. We attribute this unusually low κL to the soft acoustic modes, the extremely low-energy optical modes and the strong scattering among optical-acoustic phonons, which place tellurene as a potential novel thermoelectric material. Finally, we show that κL is proportional to the largest acoustic phonon frequency (ωaD) and the lowest optical phonon frequency at the Γ point (ωoΓ) in 2D materials, which reflect both harmonic and anharmonic thermal properties, respectively.
Uncontrolled dendrites growth and serious parasitic reactions in aqueous electrolytes, greatly hinder the practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion battery. On the basis of in situ‐chemical ...construction and performance‐improving mechanism, multifunctional fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is introduced into aqueous electrolyte to construct a high‐quality and ZnF2‐riched inorganic/organic hybrid SEI (ZHS) layer on Zn metal anode (ZMA) surface. Notably, FEC additive can regulate the solvated structure of Zn2+ to reduce H2O molecules reactivity. Additionally, the ZHS layer with strong Zn2+ affinity can avoid dendrites formation and hinder the direct contact between the electrolyte and anode. Therefore, the dendrites growth, Zn corrosion, and H2 evolution reaction on ZMA in FEC‐included ZnSO4 electrolyte are highly suppressed. Thus, ZMA in such electrolyte realize a long cycle life over 1000 h and deliver a stable coulombic efficiency of 99.1 % after 500 cycles.
Multifunctional FEC is introduced into aqueous electrolyte to produce a ZnF2‐riched inorganic/organic hybrid SEI (ZHS) layer on Zn metal anode (ZMA) surface. The hydrolysate of FEC can favorably regulate the solvated structure of Zn2+ to restrict the H2O‐related parasitic reactions. The in situ formed ZHS layer not only realize uniform Zn deposition, but also suppresses ZMA corrosion.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The capacitance of microsupercapacitors (MSCs) can double if both sides of substrates are used to construct MSCs. Nevertheless, achieving electric connections of MSCs through substrates is a ...challenge due to the difficulty in precisely positioning each MSC couple that has two of the same MSCs units on two sides. In this work, taking advantage of the synchronous etching on both sides of transparent polyethylene terephthalate substrates by femtosecond laser pulses, a double‐sided configuration is attained with high precision in the alignment of back‐to‐back MSC couples and versatile double‐side MSCs are realized via arbitrary on‐ and through‐substrate connections of MXene MSC units. The MXene double‐side MSC fabricated by the series connection of 12 spiral pattern MXene MSC units with interdigital electrodes of 10 μm width interspace can output a large working voltage of 7.2 V. Additionally, femtosecond laser etching brings the transformation of MXene into titania near‐etched edges with a lateral distance less than 1 µm. Such a small laser‐affected area has little influence on the capacitive performance, which is one of advantages for femtosecond laser over conventional lasers. This research is valuable for one‐step manufacturing of highly integrated MSCs in the field of miniaturized energy storage systems.
This study proposes the fabrication of MXene microsupercapacitors with a double‐sided configuration by synchronous femtosecond laser etching on both sides of transparent polyethylene terephthalate substrate. Such a double‐side configuration can double the integration level compared to routine one‐side configuration.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, we investigate a distributed estimation problem for multiagent systems with state equality constraints (SEC). First, under a time-based consensus communication protocol, applying a ...modified projection operator and the covariance intersection fusion method, we propose a distributed Kalman filter with guaranteed consistency and satisfied SEC. Furthermore, we establish the relationship between consensus step, SEC, and estimation error covariance in dynamic and steady processes, respectively. Employing a space decomposition method, we show that the error covariance in the constraint set can be arbitrarily small by setting a sufficiently large consensus step. Besides, we propose an extended collective observability (ECO) condition based on SEC, which is milder than existing observability conditions. Under the ECO condition, through utilizing a technique of matrix approximation, we prove the boundedness of error covariance and the exponentially asymptotic unbiasedness of state estimate, respectively. Moreover, under the ECO condition for linear time-invariant systems with SEC, we provide a novel event-triggered communication protocol by employing the consistency, and give an offline design principle of triggering thresholds with guaranteed boundedness of error covariance. More importantly, we quantify and analyze the communication rate for the proposed event-triggered distributed Kalman filter, and provide optimization based methods to obtain the minimal (maximal) successive nontriggering (triggering) times. Two simulations are provided to demonstrate the developed theoretical results and the effectiveness of the filters.
Adequate blood supply is essential for tumor survival, growth and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic and complex, comprising cancer cells, cancer-associated stromal cells and ...their extracellular products. The TME serves an important role in tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal component of stromal cells within the TME, and contribute to tumor neo-angiogenesis by altering the proteome and degradome. The present paper reviews previous studies of the molecular signaling pathways by which CAFs promote tumor neo-angiogenesis and highlights therapeutic response targets. Also discussed are potential strategies for antitumor neo-angiogenesis to improve tumor treatment efficacy.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aqueous zinc metal batteries have garnered unprecedented attention owing to their high theoretical specific capacity, appropriate redox potential, and remarkable sustainability. Nevertheless, the ...intractable issues induced by the notorious Zn dendrite growth and serious interfacial side reactions significantly impede their large‐scale utilization. Inducing Zn to electrodeposit through parallel arrangement mode is critical to realizing dendrite‐free Zn metal anodes (ZMAs). To realize this purpose, a unique polymeric molecular design strategy through chemically grafting a thin polyanthraquinone (PAQ) overlayer on the Zn surface in the manner of spontaneous polymerization reaction of anthraquinone diazonium tetrafluoroborate (AQN2+BF4−) is proposed firstly. Impressively, thus‐derived PAQ overlayer as an artificial protective layer can constrain the Zn2+ ions 2D diffusion and homogenize the electric field and Zn2+ ions concentration distribution, further guiding preferential growth along the Zn(002) plane. Assisted by the PAQ overlayer, the dendrite growth, H2 evolution reaction, and Zn corrosion on ZMAs are suppressed effectively. Accordingly, such polymeric molecular modified ZMAs ensure a remarkably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% at 4 mA cm−2 and achieve a long cycling lifespan up to 1750 h at 1 mA cm−2 and superior rate capability. This work provides a new insight into designing an interface protective layer for achieving highly stable ZMAs.
A unique polymeric molecular design strategy through chemical grafting of a thin polyanthraquinone overlayer on the Zn anode surface in the manner of spontaneous polymerization reaction of anthraquinone diazonium tetrafluoroborate (AQN2+BF4−) is first proposed to constrain Zn2+ 2D diffusion and realize the oriented growth of (002) crystal plane, then successfully suppressing the dendrite growth and H2 evolution reaction.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Display omitted
•Nitrate removal from low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater can be well achieved by a novel system.•Iron scraps and extractive bacteria showed a synergistic effect on nitrate ...removal.•Hydrogenophaga may play a key role in nitrate removal.
Nitrate removal from low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) wastewater has always been a knotty problem due to the deficiency of organics. Here, a novel iron-based chemical reduction and autotrophic denitrification (ICAD) system was developed. ICAD system could maintain average nitrate removal efficiency of 97.2% for 131 days with feeding 20.3 mg NO3–-N/L at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h. The optimal operational conditions was further explored, and results demonstrated that average nitrate removal efficiency of 85.5% and 98.4% could be achieved at HRT of 12 h and 24 h (influent 20.3 mg NO3–-N/L), while average nitrate removal efficiency could reach 96.3% at optimal HRT of 12 h (influent 10.3 mg NO3–-N/L). Hydrogenophaga, which can carry out hydrogenotrophic denitrification, showed a positive correlation with nitrate removal efficiency of the ICAD system. Low cost and simple operation make the ICAD system suitable for large-scale application.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aim
We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies to answer the two following questions: (i) whether low maternal circulating 25 hydroxyvitamin D ...(25‐OHD) is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) or spontaneous PTB (sPTB); and (ii) whether vitamin D supplementation alone during pregnancy can reduce the risk of PTB.
Methods
Literature search was carried out using Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase databases up to June 2016. Pooled OR or relative risk (RR) with 95%CI were computed using fixed or random effects models depending on the size of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was used to explore potential sources of between‐study heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and Begg's test.
Results
Twenty‐four articles (six RCT and 18 observational studies) were identified. Maternal circulating 25‐OHD deficiency (pooled OR, 1.25; 95%CI: 1.13–1.38) rather than insufficiency (pooled OR, 1.09; 95%CI: 0.89–1.35) was associated with an increased risk of PTB, and vitamin D supplementation alone during pregnancy could reduce the risk of PTB (pooled RR, 0.57; 95%CI: 0.36–0.91). This was also the case for the sPTB subgroup (circulating 25‐OHD <50 vs >50 nmol/L; pooled OR, 1.45; 95%CI: 1.20–1.75).
Conclusions
Maternal circulating 25‐OHD deficiency could increase PTB risk and vitamin D supplementation alone during pregnancy could reduce PTB risk. Extrapolation of the results, however, must be done with caution, and there is urgent need for larger, better‐designed RCT to confirm this effect.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Perovskite quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) possess the features of wide gamut and real color expression, which have been considered as candidates for high-quality lightings and ...displays. However, massive defects are prone to be reproduced during the quantum dot (QD) film assembly, which would sorely affect carrier injection, transportation and recombination, and finally degrade QLED performances. Here, we propose a bilateral passivation strategy through passivating both top and bottom interfaces of QD film with organic molecules, which has drastically enhanced the efficiency and stability of perovskite QLEDs. Various molecules were applied, and comparison experiments were conducted to verify the necessity of passivation on both interfaces. Eventually, the passivated device achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 18.7% and current efficiency of 75 cd A
. Moreover, the operational lifetime of QLEDs is enhanced by 20-fold, reaching 15.8 h. These findings highlight the importance of interface passivation for efficient and stable QD-based optoelectronic devices.
Abstract
Cellular life depends on a complex web of functional associations between biomolecules. Among these associations, protein–protein interactions are particularly important due to their ...versatility, specificity and adaptability. The STRING database aims to integrate all known and predicted associations between proteins, including both physical interactions as well as functional associations. To achieve this, STRING collects and scores evidence from a number of sources: (i) automated text mining of the scientific literature, (ii) databases of interaction experiments and annotated complexes/pathways, (iii) computational interaction predictions from co-expression and from conserved genomic context and (iv) systematic transfers of interaction evidence from one organism to another. STRING aims for wide coverage; the upcoming version 11.5 of the resource will contain more than 14 000 organisms. In this update paper, we describe changes to the text-mining system, a new scoring-mode for physical interactions, as well as extensive user interface features for customizing, extending and sharing protein networks. In addition, we describe how to query STRING with genome-wide, experimental data, including the automated detection of enriched functionalities and potential biases in the user's query data. The STRING resource is available online, at https://string-db.org/.
PDF
