Carbon dots (C‐dots) are generally separated into graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon nanodots (CNDs) based on their respective top‐down and bottom‐up preparation processes. However, GQDs can be ...prepared by carbonization of small‐molecule precursors as revealed with unconventional preparation strategies. Thus, it is their structures rather than their precursors and preparation strategy that govern whether C‐dots are GQDs or CNDs. Here, the composites, structure, and electronic properties of C‐dots are discussed. C‐dots generally consist of a graphite‐like core and amorphous oxygen‐containing shell. When graphite becomes C‐dots, its conduction and valence bands are separated, and the quantum confinement effect appears. Combined with the light‐harvesting ability inherited from graphite, electrons in the core of C‐dots are transferred from conduction to valence bands, leading to electron–hole pair formation upon light excitation. The photoexcitation activities, such as photovoltaic conversion, photocatalysis, and photodynamic therapy, are influenced by the electronic properties of the core. Different to the semiconductor properties of core, the C‐dot shell is electrochemically active, leading to electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The oxygen‐containing groups in shell can conjugate to functional species for use in imaging and therapy. The applications of C‐dots beyond photoluminescence, including ECL, solar photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and theranostics, are reviewed.
Carbon dots are reviewed in terms of their unconventional preparation strategies and applications beyond photoluminescence, including electrochemiluminescence, solar photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and theranostics. With the discussions, the dualities of carbon dots are revealed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Glutathione (GSH) in tumors consumes 1O2 and seriously inhibits the PDT effect. MnO2-coated porphyrin metal–organic frameworks are developed to realize the oxidation of GSH by MnO2 for enhanced PDT, ...activated MR imaging, and controllable release of DOX as magnetic resonance imaging guided drug–PDT dual-therapy.
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•Solid polymer electrolyte based on TPU/PEO is prepared by polymer blending technique.•The mechanical stability and the electrochemical properties of the SPE is improved by TPU.•All ...solid state battery based on TPU/PEO SPE shows attractive discharge capacity and outstanding cycling stability.
Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (LiTFSI) are prepared and investigated in this work. The results show that addition of TPU to the blend polymer results in loss of the crystallinity of PEO and improve the dissolution of lithium salts into the SPE matrix. TPU can also improve the mechanical stability and the electrochemical properties. Among the TPU/PEO blend electrolytes, the TPU/PEO=1:3 based electrolyte presents an ionic conductivity of 5.3×10−4Scm−1 with electrochemical stability above 5V (vs. Li+/Li) at 60°C. The LiFePO4/SPE/Li coin cell based on SPE (TPU/PEO=1:3) is assembled and shows the attractive discharge capacity (140 and 154mAhg−1 at 0.2C under 60 and 80°C, 112 and 127mAhg−1 at 1C under 60 and 80°C) and outstanding cycling stability (close to 96% and 94% after 100th cycles at 1C under 60 and 80°C), respectively. These results demonstrated that the TPU/PEO blend polymer electrolyte should be a promising electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Rubidium isotope analysis and isotope ratio determination are significant in the fields of environmental monitoring and geological dating. A measurement system for rubidium isotope analysis was ...constructed by combining tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with the redox reduction sample processing method. The system reduced the Doppler effect of the spectra
via
a micro-channel array structure and verified the collimation performance by the rubidium D1 line (794.98 nm, minimum isotope shift 2 pm). In addition, to increase the detection sensitivity of the system, the self-designed open optical multi-pass cell was used in rubidium absorption spectroscopy. The optimum distribution of the MPC spot was determined by analyzing the absorption intensity of atoms at various spatial positions. The results show that the multi-pass approach increased the spectral signal intensity by 6.3 times and signal-to-noise ratio by 3.8 times compared to single-path direct absorption. Based on optimized experimental conditions, the relative deviation and LOD of the system were 1.16% and 0.94‰ (3
σ
), respectively. This study applied the multi-pass cell to atomic absorption spectroscopy for the first time, providing an innovative and alternative high-sensitivity detection method for the ratio analysis of rubidium and other metal isotopes.
An open multi-pass cell was constructed to extend the interaction distance between the light and Rb atoms in the TDLAS measurement system. Compared with single-path direct absorption, the SNR of the system was improved by 3.8 times.
Sustainable structural materials with light weight, great thermal dimensional stability, and superb mechanical properties are vitally important for engineering application, but the intrinsic conflict ...among some material properties (e.g., strength and toughness) makes it challenging to realize these performance indexes at the same time under wide service conditions. Here, we report a robust and feasible strategy to process cellulose nanofiber (CNF) into a high-performance sustainable bulk structural material with low density, excellent strength and toughness, and great thermal dimensional stability. The obtained cellulose nanofiber plate (CNFP) has high specific strength ~198 MPa/(Mg m
), high specific impact toughness ~67 kJ m
/(Mg m
), and low thermal expansion coefficient (<5 × 10
K
), which shows distinct and superior properties to typical polymers, metals, and ceramics, making it a low-cost, high-performance, and environmental-friendly alternative for engineering requirement, especially for aerospace applications.
Many methods have been proposed to predict the field excavation performance of tunnel boring machine (TBM). They can usually predict the general trends of the field rock cutting force and efficiency ...when cutter penetration depth increases. However, in many cases, the predicted values are not so close (sometimes even very different) to the field values. This study is to check, compare and then correlate the prediction results of three widely used methods in predicting the field TBM excavation performance. These three methods are the laboratory LCM (linear cutting machine) method, the semi-theoretical CSM (Colorado School of Mines) method and the empirical NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) method. First, the basic procedures of these three methods are reviewed, and their prediction results are obtained concerning the TBM excavation performance in Chongqing Yangtze River Tunnel Project. Then, the quantitative comparison and correlation between the field measured result with the laboratory, semi-theoretical and empirical prediction results are conducted. After that, combined with the previous studies, some empirical formulas are proposed to predict the field TBM excavation performance at the optimum rock cutting condition more reliably and accurately. These empirical formulas can take the laboratory, semi-theoretical and empirical prediction results into comprehensive consideration. Finally, the south lot of the Qinling Tunnel in Yinhanjiwei Water Diversion Project is set as the case study, and the machine parameters and TBM excavation performance in this project are predicted and compared to the field values to verify the applicability and accuracy of the new proposed empirical formulas. Results show that the use of these new proposed empirical formulas can offer more acceptable prediction results for TBM cutterhead design and operation optimization.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The objective of this study to evaluate prospectively the effectiveness of Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures involving posteromedial plane managed by combined lateral peripatellar and ...posteromedial approaches.
We analyzed 18 patients with Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures involving posteromedial plane. There were 12 males and 6 females with an average of 38.5 years (range, 25-60 years). The mechanism of injury included traffic accident in 15 patients and falling in 3 patients. The injured lower limbs were right in 11 patients and left in 7 patients. The mean time from injury to surgery was 6.78 days (range, 5-9 days). There were 8 patients with meniscus injuries in our study.
The mean operation time was 3.41 h (range, 3-4 h). The mean blood loss was 352.78 ml (range, 300-410 ml). All the injured meniscuses were repaired. All patients were followed up, and the average time of follow up was 16.61 months (range, 14-22 months). Bone union was achieved at a mean of 12 weeks (range, 10-14 weeks). The mean degree of knee extension was 1.11° (range, 0-5°), and the mean degree of knee flexion was 120.56° (range, 110-130°). The mean points of KSS were 83 (range, 74-89 points). According to the criteria of KSS, 14 patients had clinical outcomes rated as excellent and 4 patients were rated as good.
Our results suggested that Combined lateral peripatellar and posteromedial approaches in the treatment of Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures involving posteromedial plane acquired satisfying outcomes. It was good for repairing the injured meniscus through our approaches.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Counterfeiting is a global epidemic that is compelling the development of new anticounterfeiting strategy. Herein, we report a novel multiple anticounterfeiting encoding strategy of invisible ...fluorescent quick response (QR) codes with emission color as information storage unit. The strategy requires red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting materials for different emission colors as encrypting information, single excitation for all of the emission for practicability, and ultraviolet (UV) excitation for invisibility under daylight. Therefore, RGB light-emitting nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs) are designed as inks to construct the colorful light-emitting boxes for information encrypting, while three black vertex boxes were used for positioning. Full-color emissions are obtained by mixing the trichromatic NMOFs inks through inkjet printer. The encrypting information capacity is easily adjusted by the number of light-emitting boxes with the infinite emission colors. The information is decoded with specific excitation light at 275 nm, making the QR codes invisible under daylight. The composition of inks, invisibility, inkjet printing, and the abundant encrypting information all contribute to multiple anticounterfeiting. The proposed QR codes pattern holds great potential for advanced anticounterfeiting.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI), characterised by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. It is inherited either in an X-linked (XL) or autosomal recessive ...(AR) mode. Phenome refers to the entire set of phenotypes expressed, and its study allows us to generate new knowledge of the disease. The objective of the study is to reveal the phenomic differences between XL and AR-CGD by using Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms.
We collected data on 117 patients with genetically diagnosed CGD from Asia and Africa referred to the Asian Primary Immunodeficiency Network (APID network). Only 90 patients with sufficient clinical information were included for phenomic analysis. We used HPO terms to describe all phenotypes manifested in the patients.
XL-CGD patients had a lower age of onset, referral, clinical diagnosis, and genetic diagnosis compared with AR-CGD patients. The integument and central nervous system were more frequently affected in XL-CGD patients. Regarding HPO terms, perianal abscess, cutaneous abscess, and elevated hepatic transaminase were correlated with XL-CGD. A higher percentage of XL-CGD patients presented with BCGitis/BCGosis as their first manifestation. Among our CGD patients, lung was the most frequently infected organ, with gastrointestinal system and skin ranking second and third, respectively.
species,
, and
were the most frequent pathogens to be found.
Phenomic analysis confirmed that XL-CGD patients have more recurrent and aggressive infections compared with AR-CGD patients. Various phenotypic differences listed out can be used as clinical handles to distinguish XL or AR-CGD based on clinical features.
Purpose
To determine if the retroperitoneal oblique corridor will be affected by right lateral decubitus position.
Methods
Forty volunteers were randomly enrolled and MRI scan was performed from L1 ...to L5 in supine and right lateral decubitus positions, respectively. In images across the center of each disc, O was defined as the center of a disc and A (supine) or A′ (right lateral decubitus) was located in left lateral border of the aorta or the iliac artery; B (supine) or B′ (right lateral decubitus) was on the anterior medial border of the psoas. The distance of AB and A′B′ (Recorded as A-Ps and A-Pr, respectively) at each level was recorded and compared to each other. The relationships between A-Pr, sex, BMI and relative psoas cross-sectional area (PCSA) at each level were also evaluated.
Results
A-Pr was significantly smaller than A-Ps at L1/2, L2/3 and L3/4 (All
p
< 0.05); there was no significantly difference of A-Pr between all levels (
p
= 0.105), but L1/2 seemed to be larger than L3/4, followed by L2/3 and L4/5; A-Pr at each level was not affected by sex (All
p
> 0.05); linear relationships were found between A-Pr, BMI and PCSA at L1/2 and L3/4.
Conclusions
ROC at L1/2, L2/3 and L3/4 will significantly decrease from supine to right lateral decubitus position and the reason may be due to the relaxed psoas deformation. Using MRI images in supine position for pre-operatively ROC evaluation is not accurate. Spine surgeon should also be more cautious when OLIF is performed at L4/5 where ROC is the smallest. Patients from Asia and those with strong psoas major at L1/2 and L3/4 are also associated with relatively narrow ROC.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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