Understanding the emotional reaction to loss, or frustration, is a critical problem for the field of mental health. Animal models of loss have pointed to the opioid system as a nexus of frustration, ...physical pain, and substance abuse. However, few attempts have been made to connect the results of animal models of loss to human behavior. Allelic differences in the human mu opioid receptor gene, notably the A118G single nucleotide polymorphism, have been linked to individual differences in pain sensitivity, depressive symptoms, and reward processing. The present study explored the relationship between A118G and behavior in two frustrating tasks in humans. Results showed that carriers of the mutant G-allele were slower to recover behavior following a reward downshift and abandoned a frustrating task earlier than those without the mutation. Additionally, G-carriers were more sensitive to physical pain. These results highlight the overlap between frustration and pain, and suggest that genetic variation in opioid tone may contribute to individual differences in vulnerability and resilience following emotional disturbances.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
High traffic volume is one of the main contributors to wildlife-vehicle collision (WVC) and wildlife mortality on roads. Government shelter-in-place (SIP) orders have been used to help mitigate the ...spread of COVID-19, resulting in unprecedented reductions in global traffic volumes. Using traffic and collision data from four US states (California, Idaho, Maine, and Washington), we investigated changes in total WVC, following the state and local SIP orders. From mid-March to mid-April 2020, these orders have resulted in up to 71%, 63%, 73%, and 72% reduction in driving, as measured by vehicle miles traveled (VMT), in CA, ID, ME, and WA respectively. The daily WVC rates from the 4 weeks prior to SIP orders going into effect, to the 4 weeks after, declined 34%, with 21, 36, 44, and 33% declines for CA, ID, ME, and WA, respectively. For mountain lions (Puma concolor) in CA, there was a 58% decline in mortality during the traffic reduction. The changes in WVC from 1 month pre-SIP orders to 1 month post-order only occurred in 2020 and not 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, or 2019, suggesting that the reductions were associated with the reductions in traffic. The measured declines in WVC reversed in ME and WA during May, June and July 2020, paralleling reversals in traffic volumes. A 34% reduction in WVC would potentially equate to 10s of millions fewer vertebrates killed on US roadways during one month of traffic reduction, representing an unintentional conservation action unprecedented in modern times.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This research aims to determine the evolution and development of SME digitization research trends published in leading scientific journals. The data analyzed comprised 650 research publications ...indexed in the Web of Science platform. The data is processed and analyzed using R Bibliometric to examine SME digitization. The results showed that the number of publications on SME digitization had increased significantly. Then, most of the types of papers discussing SME digitization are articles in scientific journals. The main findings are that SME digitization research focuses on information technologies, archive digitization, digital transformation, innovation, industry 4.0, technology, sustainable development, covid-19, sustainability, and public policy.
The innate immune response to viruses is initiated when specialized cellular sensors recognize viral danger signals. Here we show that truncated forms of viral genomes that accumulate in infected ...cells potently trigger the sustained activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB and the production type I IFNs through a mechanism independent of IFN signaling. We demonstrate that these defective viral genomes (DVGs) are generated naturally during respiratory infections in vivo even in mice lacking the type I IFN receptor, and their appearance coincides with the production of cytokines during infections with Sendai virus (SeV) or influenza virus. Remarkably, the hallmark antiviral cytokine IFNβ is only expressed in lung epithelial cells containing DVGs, while cells within the lung that contain standard viral genomes alone do not express this cytokine. Together, our data indicate that DVGs generated during viral replication are a primary source of danger signals for the initiation of the host immune response to infection.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory illness in children and susceptible adults. RSV blocks the development of the innate antiviral immune response and can ...grow to high titers in the respiratory tract. Here we demonstrate that immunostimulatory defective viral genomes (iDVGs) that are naturally generated during RSV replication are strong inducers of the innate antiviral response to RSV in mice and humans. In mice, RSV iDVGs stimulated the expression of antiviral genes, restricted viral replication, and prevented weight loss and lung inflammation. In human cells, the antiviral response to RSV iDVGs was dominated by the expression of IFN-λ1 over IFN-β and was driven by rapid intranuclear accumulation of the transcription factor IRF1. RSV iDVGs were detected in respiratory secretions of hospitalized patients, and their amount positively correlated with the level of expression of antiviral genes in the samples. Infection of explanted human lung tissue from different donors revealed that most humans can respond to RSV iDVGs and that the rate of accumulation of iDVGs during infection directly correlates with the quality of the antiviral response. Taken together, our data establish iDVGs as primary triggers of robust antiviral responses to RSV and provide the first evidence for an important biological role for naturally occurring iDVGs during a paramyxovirus infection in humans.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This research focuses on the application of Content Marketing as a strategy to improve the market share of 'Grupo Constructor Valexa S.A. de C.V.' in Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. The objective is to ...evaluate the effect of implementing a content marketing strategy, aiming to increase the market share in the construction industry by at least 30%. The research methodology is mixed, encompassing quantitative, basic, applied, and technological approaches. It is descriptive, explanatory, field-based, and non-experimental in nature. For data collection, a questionnaire was administered to the entire population of 379 individuals. The survey consisted of a 44-item questionnaire designed to study the variables. Finally, the results obtained following the implementation of the devised content marketing strategies are presented.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes anthracnose in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and presents a great diversity of pathotypes with different levels of virulence ...against bean varieties worldwide. The purpose of this study was to establish whether pathotypic diversity is associated with differences in the mycelial growth and secretion of plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). We evaluated growth, hemicellulase and cellulase activity, and PCWDE secretion in four pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum in cultures with glucose, bean hypocotyls and green beans of P. vulgaris, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). The results showed differences in the mycelial growth, hemicellulolytic activity, and PCWDE secretion among the pathotypes. Glucose was not the preferred carbon source for the best mycelial growth in all pathotypes, each of which showed a unique PCWDE secretion profile, indicating different levels of carbon catabolite regulation (CCR). The pathotypes showed a high differential hemicellulolytic capacity to degrade host and water hyacinth tissues, suggesting CCR by pentoses and that there are differences in the absorption and metabolism of different monosaccharides and/or disaccharides. We propose that different levels of CCR could optimize growth in different host tissues and could allow for consortium behavior in interactions with bean crops.
Novel H1N2 and H3N2 swine influenza A viruses (IAVs) have recently been identified in Chile. The objective of this study was to evaluate their zoonotic potential. We perform phylogenetic analyses to ...determine the genetic origin and evolution of these viruses, and a serological analysis to determine the level of cross-protective antibodies in the human population. Eight genotypes were identified, all with pandemic H1N1 2009-like internal genes. H1N1 and H1N2 were the subtypes more commonly detected. Swine H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs had hemagglutinin and neuraminidase lineages genetically divergent from IAVs reported worldwide, including human vaccine strains. These genes originated from human seasonal viruses were introduced into the swine population since the mid-1980s. Serological data indicate that the general population is susceptible to the H3N2 virus and that elderly and young children also lack protective antibodies against the H1N2 strains, suggesting that these viruses could be potential zoonotic threats. Continuous IAV surveillance and monitoring of the swine and human populations is strongly recommended.IMPORTANCEIn the global context, where swine serve as crucial intermediate hosts for influenza A viruses (IAVs), this study addresses the pressing concern of the zoonotic potential of novel reassortant strains. Conducted on a large scale in Chile, it presents a comprehensive account of swine influenza A virus diversity, covering 93.8% of the country's industrialized swine farms. The findings reveal eight distinct swine IAV genotypes, all carrying a complete internal gene cassette of pandemic H1N1 2009 origin, emphasizing potential increased replication and transmission fitness. Genetic divergence of H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs from globally reported strains raises alarms, with evidence suggesting introductions from human seasonal viruses since the mid-1980s. A detailed serological analysis underscores the zoonotic threat, indicating susceptibility in the general population to swine H3N2 and a lack of protective antibodies in vulnerable demographics. These data highlight the importance of continuous surveillance, providing crucial insights for global health organizations.
Research on local environmental struggles as a politicisation process opens space to reflect on the contributions of socio-ecological resistance movements toward systemic sustainability governance. ...This article seeks to empirically test Sebastien's theoretical and methodological framework on enlightening resistance through four case studies from Chile, while additionally exploring the capacity of politically proactive movements to push socio-ecological change beyond lifeworld sustainability toward systemic sustainability. This study aims to inquire into the usefulness of the enlightening resistance framework as a contribution to a larger theoretical effort to shed light on the blockers and enablers of political action towards transformative social change. Drawing on both primary and secondary data, and applying interpretive content-based analysis on the variables of the enlightening resistance framework for each case, our study finds a dull transition happening from resistance to proactive-type movements, yet challenging certain aspects of Sebastien's thesis. While the movements are partially successful in reframing discourses about the territory, they do not translate into proposals capable of outcompeting the resisted projects, nor into any change in relevant decision-making processes. In addition, we introduce a hypothesis about the adequacy of this framework in socio-political and socio-economic contexts characterised by a disempowered civil society and a type of "neoliberal" sustainability governance favouring market actors as well as experts - both technical and legal -, while silencing local actors. Also, the capacity of proactive-type movements to transcend the boundaries of lifeworld sustainability has been shown to be limited because of a structural decoupling of the latter from system sustainability.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cuentos de Hades (1993) de Luisa Valenzuela es un volumen de relatos que recupera y reinterpreta algunos cuentos de la literatura tradicional maravillosa para, de acuerdo con algunos especialistas, ...situarlos en el marco de una perspectiva feminista. Este artículo tiene el propósito de demostrar, por medio de un acercamiento lausberguiano, cómo funciona la elocutio en estos relatos a partir de recursos retóricos como la pregunta, la elipsis y la anáfora; además, el trabajo revisa los usos sintáctico-gramaticales de la obra. En consecuencia, se exponen los aspectos técnicos que engranan en su conjunto una tesis sobre la apertura de sentidos, la posibilidad y la transformación de las protagonistas a partir de un uso del lenguaje que cuestiona y transgrede los roles femeninos en la literatura tradicional.
Luisa Valenzuela’s collection of short stories Cuentos de Hades (1993) retrieves and reinterprets traditional folktales from what some experts call a feminist perspective. Using a Lausbergian approach, this work aims to reveal how, in these stories, elocutio emerges from rhetorical devices such as questions, ellipses, and anaphora, as well as from syntax and grammar. Therefore, this work reveals the technical mechanisms involved in a statement for the opening of the senses, possibility and transformation of the protagonists. This transformation is achieved through the use of language to challenge and transgress conventional gender roles associated with traditional literature.
Contos de Fadas (1993) de Luisa Valenzuela é um volume de relatos que recupera e reinterpreta alguns contos da literatura tradicional maravilhosa para, segundo alguns especialistas, situá-las no marco de uma perspetiva feminista. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar, através de uma abordagem lausbergiana,como funciona a elocutio nessas histórias a partir de recursos retóricos como a pergunta, aselipses e a anáfora, bem como, o trabalho revisa seus usos sintático-gramaticais da obra. Consequentemente, são expostos os aspectos técnicos que articulam uma tese sobre a abertura de sentidos, a possibilidade e a transformação das protagonistas a partir de um uso de linguagem que questiona e transgride os papéis femininos na literatura tradicional.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
