Abstract Two species of Chlorophyceae, Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Haemotococcus pluvialis, were used to compare and evaluate the effect of sugarcane molasses as a carbon source. Highest cell density ...in the two microalgae culture media was obtained in commercial culture media (CHU12 and WC). During exponential growth (day 1 to day 10), high cell density in H. pluvialis was detected for E. crassipes culture medium ranging between 0.4 x 105 cells mL-1 and 1.7 x 105 cells mL-1. Culture media were fundamental for growth under mixotrophic cultivation. Sugarcane molasses showed different results for the two microalgae with regard to growth performance, lipid and protein levels. Rates were high for H. pluvialis except lipid at the end of the experiment. In fact, A. gracilis presented almost double the lipid levels. Sugarcane molasses may be an alternative carbon source in laboratory conditions.
Resumo Duas espécies de Chlorophyceae, Ankistrodesmus gracilis e Haemotococcus pluvialis foram utilizadas para comparar o efeito do melaço de cana-de-açúcar como fonte de carbono. Nos dois meios de cultura de microalgas, a maior densidade celular foi obtida em meio de cultura comercial (CHU12 e WC). Durante o crescimento exponencial (1º ao 10º dia), detectou-se alta densidade celular em H. pluvialis para o meio de cultura E. crassipes variando entre 0,4 x 105 células mL-1 e 1,7 x 105 células mL-1. Os meios de cultura foram fundamentais para o crescimento em cultivo mixotrófico. O melaço de cana-de-açúcar apresentou resultados diferentes para as duas microalgas em relação ao crescimento, aos teores de proteína e lipídio foram mais elevados para o cultivo de H. pluvialis, exceto lipídio no final do experimento onde A. gracilis apresentou quase o dobro dos níveis de lipídio. O melaço de cana de açúcar pode ser uma fonte alternativa de carbono em condições de laboratório.
Growth and biological conditions of Messastrum gracile were evaluated to compare the effect of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation on the increase of biomass production and chemical ...conditions cultured in macrophyte and commercial culture media. The growth rate (k) of M. gracile was different in the culture media, higher in mixotrophic cultivation for Lemna minor culture medium, whilst to Eichhornia crassipes and NPK culture media were higher in photoautotrophic cultivation. Mean lipid contents in photoautotrophic cultivation were 8.2% biomass dry weight, whereas they reached 19% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Protein contents were below 48% biomass dry weight in photoautotrophic cultivation and 30% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Messastrum gracile cultured in macrophyte culture media (E. crassipes and L. minor) and NPK culture medium provided satisfactory results with regard to lipid and protein contents in mixotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivations, respectively. Lipid and protein contents in alternative media were higher or similar to the CHU12 commercial culture medium.
Abstract The growth of Haematococcus pluvialis in two alternative culture media NPK (10:10:10) and ME (macrophyte extract), under mixotrophic conditions using sugarcane molasses as a carbon source ...were evaluated for 28 days. The molasses was used in two different ways, in a native form (untreated) and a hydrolyzed (pretreated). Cell density of Haematococcus pluvialis in mixotrophic cultivation was higher in pretreated molasses. Growth rate was higher when pretreated molasses were employed in mixotrophic cultivation with NPK culture medium (k=0.5 7th growth day). Biomass, chlorophyll-a, conductivity and total inorganic nitrogen were not significantly different (p>0.05) during the experimental period for two mixotrophic cultivation and culture media. Protein contents of H. pluvialis biomass were higher in NPK culture medium with pretreated molasses (50% dry biomass). Annual biomass production was 520 kg-1 dry biomass with untreated molasses for two culture media, and 650 and 520 kg-1 dry biomass with pretreated molasses for NPK and ME culture media, respectively. The use of NPK and ME culture media in mixotrophic cultivation may be a new protocol for H. pluvialis cultivation due to the low cost and similar annual production.
Resumo O crescimento de Haematococcus pluvialis foi avaliado em dois meios de cultura alternativos NPK (10:10:10) e ME (extrato de macrófita), em condições mixotróficas utilizando melaço de cana-de-açúcar como fonte de carbono durante 28 dias. O melaço foi utilizado de duas maneiras diferentes, bruto (não tratado) e hidrolisado (pré-tratado). A densidade celular de Haematococcus pluvialis em cultivo mixotrófico foi maior em melaço pré-tratado. A taxa de crescimento foi maior no cultivo mixotrófico pré-tratado em meio de cultura NPK com k=0,5 (7º dia). Biomassa, clorofila-a, condutividade e nitrogênio inorgânico total não foram significativamente diferentes (p>0,05) durante o período experimental para as duas condições mixotróficas e meios de cultura. Os teores de proteína de H. pluvialis foram maiores no meio de cultura NPK em melaço pré-tratado, acima de 50% da biomassa seca. A produção anual de biomassa foi de 520 kg-1 de biomassa seca em melaço não tratado para os dois meios de cultura e de 650 e 520 kg-1 de biomassa seca em melaço pré-tratado para meios de cultura NPK e ME, respectivamente. O uso de meios de cultura NPK e ME em cultivo mixotrófico pode se tornar um novo protocolo adotado para o cultivo de H. pluvialis devido ao baixo custo e similar produção anual de biomassa.
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of diquat, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride and their associations diquat + 0.1% copper oxychloride and diquat + 0.1% copper hydroxide to ...control Cerathophyllum demersum. Therefore, the concentrations used were 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1 oxychloride and copper hydroxide and 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mg L-1 diquat and their associations with 0.1% copper oxychloride and 0.1% copper and a control hydroxide. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replications for 45 days. For evaluation we used a scale of 0-100% control of notes and rated the weight (g) and length (cm) of pointers at the end of the trial period. Diquat showed 100% efficacy at 30 DAA, associations in 21 DAA and copper sources promoted regrowth of C. demersum. Diquat and its associations were more effective in controlling C. demersum. The use of herbicide in combination with a copper source is more efficient for the control of submerged weeds because it potentiates the effect of the herbicide in weed control
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do diquat, hidróxido de cobre, oxicloreto de cobre e suas associações (diquat + 0,1% de oxicloreto de cobre e diquat + 0,1% de hidróxido de cobre) para o controle de Cerathophyllum demersum em condições de laboratório. Para isso, foram utilizadas as concentrações de 0,1, 0,3, 0,5, 0,7, 1,0 e 1,5 mg L-1 do oxicloreto e hidróxido de cobre e de 0,2, 0,4, 0,8 e 1,2 mg L-1 do diquat e suas associações com 0,1% de oxicloreto de cobre e 0,1% de hidróxido de cobre e um controle. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dez repetições, ao longo de 45 dias de avaliação. Na avaliação foi empregada uma escala de notas de controle (0-100%) e avaliado o peso (g) e o comprimento (cm) dos ponteiros ao final do período experimental. O diquat apresentou 100% de eficácia aos 30 DAA, e as associações em 21 DAA; as fontes de cobre promoveram a rebrota de C. demersum. O diquat e suas associações foram mais eficazes no controle de C. demersum. A utilização de herbicida em associação com uma fonte de cobre é mais eficiente para controle de macrófitas submersas, pois potencializa o efeito do herbicida no controle das plantas.
Abstract Two species of Chlorophyceae, Ankistrodesmus gracilis and Haemotococcus pluvialis, were used to compare and evaluate the effect of sugarcane molasses as a carbon source. Highest cell density ...in the two microalgae culture media was obtained in commercial culture media (CHU12 and WC). During exponential growth (day 1 to day 10), high cell density in H. pluvialis was detected for E. crassipes culture medium ranging between 0.4 x 105 cells mL-1 and 1.7 x 105 cells mL-1. Culture media were fundamental for growth under mixotrophic cultivation. Sugarcane molasses showed different results for the two microalgae with regard to growth performance, lipid and protein levels. Rates were high for H. pluvialis except lipid at the end of the experiment. In fact, A. gracilis presented almost double the lipid levels. Sugarcane molasses may be an alternative carbon source in laboratory conditions.
Abstract Growth and biological conditions of Messastrum gracile were evaluated to compare the effect of photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation on the increase of biomass production and chemical ...conditions cultured in macrophyte and commercial culture media. The growth rate (k) of M. gracile was different in the culture media, higher in mixotrophic cultivation for Lemna minor culture medium, whilst to Eichhornia crassipes and NPK culture media were higher in photoautotrophic cultivation. Mean lipid contents in photoautotrophic cultivation were 8.2% biomass dry weight, whereas they reached 19% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Protein contents were below 48% biomass dry weight in photoautotrophic cultivation and 30% biomass dry weight in mixotrophic cultivation. Messastrum gracile cultured in macrophyte culture media (E. crassipes and L. minor) and NPK culture medium provided satisfactory results with regard to lipid and protein contents in mixotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivations, respectively. Lipid and protein contents in alternative media were higher or similar to the CHU12 commercial culture medium.
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