Antiarrhythmic Drug and Ablation of Atrial Flutter
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter (AFL) are frequently associated. We assessed the frequency and identified the predictors of AF ...occurrence after AFL ablation.
Methods and Results
A total of 1,121 patients referred for AFL ablation were followed for a mean duration of 2.1 ± 2.7 years. Antiarrhythmic drugs were stopped after ablation in patients with no AF prior to ablation, or continued otherwise. A total of 356 patients (31.7%) had a history of AF prior to AFL ablation. Patients with AF prior to ablation were more likely to be females (OR = 1.35, CI = 1.00–1.83, P = 0.05). After ablation, 260 (23.2%) patients experienced AF. In the multivariable model, AF prior to ablation (OR = 1.90, CI = 1.42–2.54, P < 0.001) and female gender (OR = 1.77, CI = 1.29–2.42, P < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of AF after ablation. In patients without prior AF, class I antiarrhythmics and amiodarone prior to AFL ablation were independently associated with higher risk of AF after ablation (OR = 2.11, CI = 1.15–3.88, P = 0.02 and OR = 1.60, CI = 1.08–2.36, P = 0.02, respectively). In patients who experienced AF after ablation, 201/260 (77.3%) had a CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥1. Two patients with AF prior to ablation had a stroke during the follow‐up whereas none of the patients without AF prior to ablation had a stroke.
Conclusions
AF occurrence after AFL ablation is frequent (>20%), especially in patients with a history of AF, in female patients, and in patients treated with class I antiarrythmics/amiodarone prior to AFL. Since most patients who experience AF after AFL ablation have a CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥1, the decision to stop anticoagulants after ablation should be considered on an individual basis.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Abstract Sex-related differences were not reported for the atrial flutter (AF). The purpose of the study was to look for the influence of gender on indications, clinical data and long-term results of ...AFl ablation. Methods 985 patients, 227 females (23%) were referred for radiofrequency AFl ablation. Clinical history, echocardiography were collected. Patients were followed from 3 months to 10 years. Results Age of women and men was similar (65.5 ± 12 vs 64 ± 11.5 years). Underlying heart disease (HD) was as frequent in women as men (77.5 vs 77%), but women had more congenital HD (10 vs 2%;p < 0.001), valvular HD (18 vs 10%;p < 0.002), hypertensive HD (24 vs 18%;p < 0.05), and less chronic lung disease (5 vs 10%;p < 0.01), and ischemic HD (5 vs 20%;p < 0.001). Atrial fibrillation (AF) history was more frequent in women (36 vs 27%;p < 0.001). AFl-related tachycardiomyopathy (4.5 vs 8%;p < 0.03) was more frequent, but 1/1 AFl (10 vs 6%;p = NS) as frequent. Failure of ablation (16 vs 10%;p < 0.01), ablation-related major complications (3.5 vs 0.9%;p < 0.005) were more frequent in women. After 3 ± 3 years, AFl recurrences were as frequent in women and men (10 vs 14%), AF occurrence more frequent in women (34 vs 19.5%; p < 0.001). After excluding patients with previous AF, AF risk remained higher in women (19 vs 12%; p < 0.004). Conclusions In patients admitted for ablation, AFL was less common in women than in men, despite similar age and similarly prevalent HD. More than men, women had frequent AF history, a higher risk of failure of ablation and AFl ablation-related major complications and a higher risk of AF after ablation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (ORT) is the most common arrhythmia at electrophysiological study (EPS) in patients with pre-excitation. The purpose of the study was to determine ...the clinical significance and the electrophysiological characteristics of patients with inducible antidromic tachycardia (ADT).
Electrophysiological study was performed in 807 patients with a pre-excitation syndrome in control state and after isoproterenol. Antidromic tachycardia was induced in 63 patients (8%). Clinical and electrophysiological data were compared with those of 744 patients without ADT. Patients with and without ADT were similar in term of age (33 ± 18 vs. 34 ± 17), male gender (68 vs. 61%), clinical presentation with spontaneous atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) (35 vs. 42%), atrial fibrillation (AF) (3 vs. 3%), syncope (16 vs. 12%). In patients with induced ADT, asymptomatic patients were less frequent (24 vs. 37%; <0.04), spontaneous ADT and spontaneous malignant form more frequent (8 vs. 0.5%; <0.001) (16 vs. 6%; <0.002). Left lateral accessory pathway (AP) location was more frequent (51 vs. 36%; P < 0.022), septal location less frequent (40 vs. 56%; P < 0.01). And 1/1 conduction through AP was more rapid. Orthodromic AVRT induction was as frequent (55.5 vs. 55%), but AF induction (41 vs. 24%; P < 0.002) and electrophysiological malignant form were more frequent (22 vs. 12%; P < 0.02). The follow-up was similar; four deaths and three spontaneous malignant forms occurred in patients without ADT. When population was divided based on age (<20/≥20 years), the older group was less likely to have criteria for malignant form.
Antidromic tachycardia induction is rare in pre-excitation syndrome and generally is associated with spontaneous or electrophysiological malignant form, but clinical outcome does not differ.
An electrophysiologic study (EPS) of children and teenagers with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and normal electrocardiography (ECG) in sinus rhythm was evaluated. Generally, EPS is ...performed only before paroxysmal SVT ablation in these patients. In this study, 140 patients (mean age, 15 ± 3 years) with normal ECG in sinus rhythm were studied for SVT by a transesophageal route in baseline state and after isoproterenol. Idiopathic left or right ventricular tachycardia was diagnosed in four patients (3 %). Anterograde conduction over an atrioventricular (AV) left lateral (
n
= 10) or septal (
n
= 9) accessory pathway (AP) was noted in 19 patients (13.5 %) at atrial pacing. Orthodromic AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) was induced in these children. Five of the patients had a high rate conducted over AP (>240 bpm in baseline state or >290 bpm after isoproterenol). Two of the patients (a 10-year-old girl with well-tolerated SVT and a 17-year-old with syncope-related SVT) had the criteria for a malignant form with the induction of atrial fibrillation conducted over AP at a rate exceeding 290 bpm in baseline state. Of the 140 patients, 74 (53 %) had typical AV node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), nine had atypical AVNRT (6 %), 1 had atrial tachycardia (0.7 %), and 33 (23.5 %) had AVRT related to a concealed AP with only retrograde conduction. Electrophysiologic study is recommended for children with paroxysmal SVT and normal ECG in sinus rhythm. The data are helpful for guiding the treatment. Ventricular tachycardia or atrial tachycardia can be misdiagnosed. Masked preexcitation syndrome with anterograde conduction through AP was present in 13.5 % of the patients, and 1.4 % had a malignant preexcitation syndrome.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Arrhythmic disorders are infrequent in young adult and should evoke myopathy associated cardiomyopathy, even though muscular symptoms are moderate or absent.
We report a 25-year-old woman who ...developed severe supraventricular rhythm disturbances with exercise intolerance and elevated serum creatine kinase level. Initially the echocardiography showed normal ventricular function. Mutation in the lamin gene (LMNA) was identified. During the disease course, arrhythmia and ventricular function worsened and required cardioverter defibrillator implantation.
Laminopathies are genetic disorders among which dilated cardiomyopathy associated with skeletal muscular involvement is the most frequent phenotype, usually like Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Other phenotypes are progeria, lipodystrophic syndromes and peripheral neuropathy. Cardiac involvement is responsible for syncope, thromboembolic events and sudden death and often requires early cardioverter defibrillator implantation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Les troubles du rythme ou de la conduction sont rares chez un sujet jeune et doivent faire évoquer certaines cardiomyopathies associées à une myopathie qui peut cependant être au second plan.
Nous ...rapportons l’observation d’une femme de 25ans qui présentait des troubles du rythme supraventriculaire réfractaires et une intolérance d’effort avec élévation de la créatine kinase sérique. L’échocardiographie était normale en début d’évolution. Une mutation du gène LMNA était mise en évidence. L’évolution était marquée par la survenue de troubles de la conduction pour lesquels un défibrillateur était implanté.
Parmi les atteintes liées à une mutation de la lamine (progeria, lipodystrophies, neuropathies périphériques), la présentation clinique la plus fréquente est une cardiomyopathie dilatée ou non avec troubles conductifs et du rythme sévères, isolée ou associée à une myopathie, le plus souvent de type Emery-Dreifuss. L’atteinte cardiaque conditionne le pronostic. Une enquête familiale et un bilan rythmologique doivent être systématiques. L’indication de l’implantation d’un défibrillateur préventif doit être large.
Arrhythmic disorders are infrequent in young adult and should evoke myopathy associated cardiomyopathy, even though muscular symptoms are moderate or absent.
We report a 25-year-old woman who developed severe supraventricular rhythm disturbances with exercise intolerance and elevated serum creatine kinase level. Initially the echocardiography showed normal ventricular function. Mutation in the lamin gene (LMNA) was identified. During the disease course, arrhythmia and ventricular function worsened and required cardioverter defibrillator implantation.
Laminopathies are genetic disorders among which dilated cardiomyopathy associated with skeletal muscular involvement is the most frequent phenotype, usually like Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Other phenotypes are progeria, lipodystrophic syndromes and peripheral neuropathy. Cardiac involvement is responsible for syncope, thromboembolic events and sudden death and often requires early cardioverter defibrillator implantation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to look for the predictor factors of atrial proarrhythmic effects of class I antiarrhythmic drugs.
Background: Class I antiarrhythmic drugs may induce or ...exacerbate cardiac arrhythmias. The predictors of ventricular proarrhythmia are known. The predictors of atrial flutter with 1:1 conduction are unknown.
Methods: Clinical history, EGG, signal-averaged EGG (SAECG) and electrophysiologic study were analysed in 24 cases of 1:1 atrial flutter with class I AA drugs and in 100 control patients without history of 1:1 atrial flutter with class I AA drugs.
Results: The ages of patients varied from 46 to 78 years. Underlying heart disease was present in nine patients. The surface EGG revealed the presence of a short PR interval (PR<0.13 ms), visible in leads V5, V6 in eight (35%) patients with normal P wave duration; in other patients with prolonged P wave duration, PR seemed normaL On SAECG recording, there was a pseudofusion between P wave and QRS complex. The electrophysiologic study revealed some signs indicating a rapid AV nodal conduction (short AH interval or rate of 2nd degree AV block at atrial pacing >200 beats/mm) in 19 of the 23 studied patients. All patients, except one, had at least one sign indicating a rapid AV nodal conduction (short PR and/or P wave-QRS complex continuity on SAECG). In the control group, seven patients (7%) had a short PR interval (
P<0.01) and 11 (11%) had a pseudofusion between P wave and QRS complex on SAECG (
P<0.001). The P wave-QRS complex pseudofusion on SAECG had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 89% for the prediction of an atrial proarrhythmic effect with class I antiarrhythmic drug.
Conclusion: We recommend avoiding class I AA drugs in patients with a short PR interval on surface EGG and to record SAECG in those with apparently normal PR interval to detect a continuity between P wave and QRS complex, which could indicate a rapid AV nodal conduction, predisposing to 1:1 atrial flutter with the drug.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTA) may occur in patients with the arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence of SVTA in 47 ...patients with ARVD proved by right ventricular angiography. Thirty-three men and 14 women, aged 21 to 72 years (mean 44 ± 18) were admitted for nonsustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia. Eight patients had a history of spontaneous SVTA several years before ventricular tachycardia occurrence. Protocol of the study consisted of programmed atrial stimulation with one and two extrastimuli delivered during sinus rhythm and two driven rhythms (600 and 400 msec), programmed ventricular stimulation with up to three extrastimuli and was performed in the control state and after infusion of isoproterenol. The results of programmed atrial stimulation were compared with those obtained in 36 asymptomatic subjects without heart disease and with a mean age of 50 ± 18 years (control group). Sustained SVTA (>1 minute) was induced in seven of eight patients with spontaneous SVTA, in 27 (69%) of those with ARVD, who did not have spontaneous SVTA, and in two control subjects (5.5%) (p < 0.001). SVTA was inducible in the control state, but ventricular tachycardia induction required isoproterenol in 11 of 27 patients. Two patients without SVTA history but with inducible SVTA developed later spontaneous SVTA. ARVD was associated with a significantly higher incidence of inducible SVTA than in a control population. Supraventricular tachycardias may precede ventricular tachycardias. This association argues for a diffuse myocardial disorder in ARVD. (Am Heart J 1998;135:748-54.)
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract Little is known about the epidemiology of 1:1 atrial flutter (AFL). Our objectives were to determine its prevalence and predisposing conditions. Methods 1037 patients aged 16 to 93 years ...(mean 64 ± 12) were consecutively referred for AFL ablation. 791 had heart disease (HD). Patients admitted with 1/1 AFL were collected. Patients were followed 3 ± 3 years. Results 1:1 AFL-related tachycardiomyopathy was found in 85 patients, 59 men (69%) with a mean age of 59 ± 12 years. The prevalence was 8%. They were compared to 952 patients, 741 men (78%, 0.04), with a mean age of 65 ± 12 years (0.002) without 1:1 AFL. Factors favoring 1:1 AFL was the absence of HD (35 vs 23%, 0.006), the history of AF (42 vs 30.5%)(0.025) and the use of class I antiarrhythmic drugs (34 vs 13%)(p < 0.0001), while use of amiodarone or beta blockers was less frequent in patients with 1:1 AFL (5, 3.5%) than in patients without 1:1 AFL (25, 15%) (p < 0.0001, 0.03). The failure of ablation (9.4 vs 11%), ablation-related complications (2.3 vs 1.4%), risk of subsequent atrial fibrillation (AF) (20 vs 24%), risk of AFL recurrences (19 vs 13%) and risk of cardiac death (5 vs 6%) were similar in patients with and without 1:1 AFL. Conclusions The prevalence of 1:1 AFL in patients admitted for AFL ablation was 8%. These patients were younger, had less frequent HD, had more frequent history of AF and received more frequently class I antiarrhythmic drugs than patients without 1:1 AFL. Their prognosis was similar to patients without 1:1 AFL.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTA) are an accepted cause of cardiac arrest in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but their participation in other ...conditions is less well understood. The purpose of the study was to examine the role of SVTA in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) by comprehensive evaluation of patients successfully resuscitated from SCA.
A total of 169 survivors of SCA in the absence of acute myocardial infarction underwent systematic evaluation that included echocardiography, Holter monitoring, coronary angiography and electrophysiological study (EPS) with additional testing in selected cases using provocative drug testing with isoproterenol, ajmaline or ergonovine.
SVTA was found as the only possible cause or as the cause facilitating SCA in 29 patients: (1) 3 had a WPW syndrome related to accessory pathway with short refractory period; (2) for 12 patients, SVTA was the cause of cardiovascular collapse; heart disease (HD) was present in 11 cases, but disappeared in two of four with dilated cardiomyopathy after the restoration of sinus rhythm; (3) in 14 patients, SVTA degenerated either in a VF or ventricular tachycardia (VT); HD was present in 12 cases, but disappeared in one; two had no HD and recurrent similar arrhythmia was documented by cardiac defibrillator in one of them. SVTA induced coronary ischemia was the main cause of SCA.
Rapid SVTA was a cause of SCA, either by cardiovascular collapse or by the degeneration in VT or VF. The complication generally occurred in patients with advanced HD or with rapid SVTA-induced cardiomyopathy and rarely in patients without HD. The incidence of SVTA as the only cause or the facilitating cause of SCAs is probably underestimated, because it is difficult to prove.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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