Inaccurate bus arrival time predictions are counterproductive to changing transport habits and promoting public transport use. This research sought to improve the bus passenger experience in terms of ...bus arrival time prediction by investigating various time series and regression-based techniques suitable for bus arrival time modeling. The models developed in the current study included: random walk with drift, multivariate linear regression, decision tree, artificial neural networks, and gene expression programming models. Historic automatic vehicle location and passenger flow data obtained for four bus routes spanning Auckland city, in both travel directions, were used as model inputs. Specifically, 10 independent variables were incorporated in the regression models, with distance between bus stops being the most significant predictor for bus travel time. Research results indicated that time series models outperformed regression techniques, with the time series artificial neural network being the most successful of the seven models developed. Moreover, the alternative models all performed significantly better than the prediction engine currently utilized by an Auckland bus company for arrival time prediction. However, these results require corroboration with manually collected field data, on account of the quality concerns afflicting the raw data reported by the transport company.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
► We compare driver behaviour towards two novel warning devices at level crossings with two conventional warning devices. ► We use driving simulation experiment to collect driver responses data. ► We ...develop a binary choice model for predicting the probability of a driver stopping or driving through a crossing. ► We develop mixed regression models for predicting the driver reaction positions.
Improving safety at railway level crossings is costly and as funds are often limited, it is important to search for cost-effective, evidence-based solutions. The effect that the many existing alternative systems have on driver behaviour is not always known. This paper compares driver behaviour towards two novel warning devices (rumble strips and in-vehicle audio warning) at railway level crossings with two conventional warning devices (flashing light and stop sign). Regression models were developed to reflect driver's responses towards the four different types of devices based on data collected from a driving simulation experiment. The regression models include a binary choice model for predicting the probability of a driver stopping or driving through a railway crossing, as well as mixed regression models for predicting the moment at which a driver will produce specific behavioural responses before stopping at a crossing (e.g. initiation of accelerator release and application of foot-pedal brake). Violation results indicated the active systems produced much higher levels of driver compliance than passive devices. Contributing factors, such as age, gender, speed and types of warning devices were found significant at different approach stages to the level crossings. With the application of such behavioural models and traffic conflict techniques in microscopic simulation tools, traffic safety indicators, such as collision likelihood and time-to-collision can be estimated. From these, relative safety comparisons for the different traffic devices are derived.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•We compare driver behaviour towards two novel warning devices at level crossings with two conventional warning devices.•We use driving simulation experiment to collect driver responses data for ...developing driver behavioural models.•We develop traffic microsimulation model to determine surrogate safety measures.•From these, relative safety comparisons for the different traffic devices are derived.
Level crossings are amongst the most complex of road safety issues, due to the addition of rail infrastructure, trains and train operations. The differences in the operational characteristics of different warning devices together with varying crossing, traffic or/and train characteristics, cause different driver behaviour at crossings. This paper compares driver behaviour towards two novel warning devices (rumble strips and in-vehicle audio warning) with two conventional warning devices (flashing light and stop sign) at railway level crossings using microsimulation modelling. Two safety performance indicators directly related to collision risks, violation and time-to-collision, were adopted. Results indicated the active systems were more effective at reducing likely collisions compared to passive devices. With the combined application of driving simulation and traffic microsimulation modelling, traffic safety performance indicators for a level crossing can be estimated. From these, relative safety comparisons for the different traffic devices are derived, or even for absolute safety evaluation with proper calibration from field investigations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
6.
Safety and Operational Performance of Roundabouts Tey, Li-Sian; Salim, M. S.; Shah, Shahreena Melati Rhasbudin ...
International journal of engineering and advanced technology,
11/2019, Volume:
8, Issue:
6s3
Journal Article
Open access
When there are two or more roads meet, there is higher tendency of conflicts among vehicles. Roundabout is not a new concept to manage conflict points at at-grade intersection. However, improper ...motorist behaviours especially during peak hour affect safety and operational performance of a roundabout. This paper compares the safety and operational performance evaluation of a conventional non-signalized roundabout and a conventional signalised roundabout and explores the potential of turbo roundabout to replace the conventional ones. Three characteristics used to evaluate safety performance of the roundabouts include entry lane selection, use of entry and exit indicators, and weaving activities. These behaviours create the possibility of conflict, hence, risk of fatalities. On the other hand, delay and total time travel are used as indicators of operational performance of the roundabouts. We used SIDRA INTERSECTION Software to determine the theoretical delays and Level of Services. High delay, a time factor, affects motorists’ emotion, might have contributed to the safety performance. Similarly, motorists’ non-compliance behaviours affected the operational performance.
Safety at railway level crossings (RLXs) is a worldwide issue that increasingly attracts the attention of relevant transport authorities, the rail industry, and the general public. The differences in ...the operation characteristics of varying types of warning devices, together with differences in crossing geometry, traffic, or train characteristics, leads to different driver behaviors at crossings. The aim of this study was to use traffic microsimulation modeling based on field video recording data to compare the safety performance of varying conventional RLX warning systems. The widely used microsimulation model VISSIM was modified to produce safety-related performance measures, namely, collision likelihood, delay, and queue length. The results showed that RLXs with an active warning system were safer than those with a passive sign by at least 17%. Integration of surrogate measures in conjunction with traffic simulation models determined which safety approach was more efficient for specified traffic and train volumes.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Control at railway level crossings, using either road rumble strips or in-vehicle auditory warning devices, has the potential to improve safety. This article evaluates driver behavior of these two ...devices and two conventional crossing devices (flashing lights and a stop sign) using a driving simulator. Rumble strips have been seen to encourage drivers to reduce speed earlier on approach to a level crossing but did not affect stopping compliance. In-vehicle auditory warnings have produced high compliance and, overall, have produced behavior comparable to that seen for conventional flashing lights. However, the detailed design features of such devices require further development before more concrete conclusions can be drawn. Contributing factors of age, gender, speed, and types of warning devices were all found to significantly affect driver behavior at crossings. Overall, the results indicate that drivers behave differently and demonstrate higher signal compliance at actively protected crossings than at passively protected crossings for alternative and conventional warning devices.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Pedestrians are often exposed to complex and dangerous traffic situations. Therefore, planning for pedestrian facilities could reduce some of the problems that are faced by the pedestrians. Thus, ...this study describes the level of awareness, risky behavior and analyse pedestrian travel pattern in Johor Bahru (JB) commercial centre. Data for the study was collected from questionnaire distribution and video recording. Thirty sets of questionnaire were distributed with the purpose of determining the level of awareness among pedestrian while using the pedestrian facilities provided by the. Meanwhile, the video recording was used to determine the risky behaviour done by the pedestrians at commercial centres. The video was also used to analyse pedestrian travel pattern at commercial centres. The outcome of this study would be beneficial to JB cities and lead to a successful pedestrian travel pattern within a safety, practice, and knowledge of pedestrian facilities provided.
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