Tea is the world's most popular non-alcoholic beverage. China and India are known to be the largest tea producing countries and recognized as the centers for the domestication of the tea plant ...(Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). However, molecular studies on the origin, domestication and relationships of the main teas, China type, Assam type and Cambod type are lacking.
Twenty-three nuclear microsatellite markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity, relatedness, and domestication history of cultivated tea in both China and India. Based on a total of 392 samples, high levels of genetic diversity were observed for all tea types in both countries. The cultivars clustered into three distinct genetic groups (i.e. China tea, Chinese Assam tea and Indian Assam tea) based on STRUCTURE, PCoA and UPGMA analyses with significant pairwise genetic differentiation, corresponding well with their geographical distribution. A high proportion (30%) of the studied tea samples were shown to possess genetic admixtures of different tea types suggesting a hybrid origin for these samples, including the Cambod type.
We demonstrate that Chinese Assam tea is a distinct genetic lineage from Indian Assam tea, and that China tea sampled from India was likely introduced from China directly. Our results further indicate that China type tea, Chinese Assam type tea and Indian Assam type tea are likely the result of three independent domestication events from three separate regions across China and India. Our findings have important implications for the conservation of genetic stocks, as well as future breeding programs.
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A first-principle computational method has been used to investigate the effects of Ru dopants on the electronic and optical absorption properties of marcasite FeS2. In addition, we have also revealed ...a new marcasite phase in RuS2, unlike most studied pyrite structures. The new phase has fulfilled all the necessary criteria of structural stability and its practical existence. The transition pressure of 8 GPa drives the structural change from pyrite to orthorhombic phase in RuS2. From the thermodynamical calculation, we have reported the stability of new-phase under various ranges of applied pressure and temperature. Further, from the results of phonon dispersion calculated at Zero Point Energy, pyrite structure exhibits ground state stability and the marcasite phase has all modes of frequencies positive. The newly proposed phase is a semiconductor with a band gap comparable to its pyrite counterpart but vary in optical absorption by around 106 cm−1. The various Ru doped structures have also shown similar optical absorption spectra in the same order of magnitude. We have used crystal field theory to explain high optical absorption which is due to the involvement of different electronic states in formation of electronic and optical band gaps. Lӧwdin charge analysis is used over the customarily Mulliken charges to predict 89% of covalence in the compound. Our results indicate the importance of new phase to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic materials for practical applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A
bstract
We present a model of radiative neutrino masses which also resolves anomalies reported in
B
-meson decays,
R
D
∗
and
R
K
∗
, as well as in muon
g −
2 measurement, ∆
a
μ
. Neutrino masses ...arise in the model through loop diagrams involving TeV-scale leptoquark (LQ) scalars
R
2
and
S
3
. Fits to neutrino oscillation parameters are obtained satisfying all flavor constraints which also explain the anomalies in
R
D
∗
,
R
K
∗
and ∆
a
μ
within 1
σ
. An isospin-3/2 Higgs quadruplet plays a crucial role in generating neutrino masses; we point out that the doubly-charged scalar contained therein can be produced in the decays of the
S
3
LQ, which enhances its reach to 1.1 (6.2) TeV at
s
= 14 TeV high-luminosity LHC (
s
= 100 TeV FCC-hh). We also present flavor-dependent upper limits on the Yukawa couplings of the LQs to the first two family fermions, arising from non-resonant dilepton (
pp → ℓ
+
ℓ
−
) processes mediated by
t
-channel LQ exchange, which for 1 TeV LQ mass, are found to be in the range (0
.
15
−
0
.
36). These limits preclude any explanation of
R
D
∗
through LQ-mediated
B
-meson decays involving
ν
e
or
ν
μ
in the final state. We also find that the same Yukawa couplings responsible for the chirally-enhanced contribution to ∆
a
μ
give rise to new contributions to the SM Higgs decays to muon and tau pairs, with the modifications to the corresponding branching ratios being at (2–6)% level, which could be tested at future hadron colliders, such as HL-LHC and FCC-hh.
We report a Ni-catalysed diarylation of unactivated olefins in dimethylpyridylvinylsilane by intercepting Heck C(sp
)-NiX intermediates, derived from aryl halides, with arylzinc reagents. This ...approach utilizes a modifiable pyridylsilyl moiety as a coordinating group that plays a dual role of intercepting oxidative addition species to promote Heck carbometallation, and stabilizing the Heck C(sp
)-NiX intermediates as transient metallacycles to suppress β-hydride elimination, and facilitate transmetalation/reductive elimination. This method affords 1,2-diarylethylsilanes, which can be readily oxidized to 1,2-diarylethanols that occur as structural motifs in 3-aryl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin and dihydrostilbenoid natural products.
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A
bstract
Models of radiative Majorana neutrino masses require new scalars and/or fermions to induce lepton-number-violating interactions. We show that these new particles also generate observable ...neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI) with matter. We classify radiative models as type-I or II, with type-I models containing at least one Standard Model (SM) particle inside the loop diagram generating neutrino mass, and type- II models having no SM particle inside the loop. While type-II radiative models do not generate NSI at tree-level, popular models which fall under the type-I category are shown, somewhat surprisingly, to generate observable NSI at tree-level, while being consistent with direct and indirect constraints from colliders, electroweak precision data and charged-lepton flavor violation (cLFV). We survey such models where neutrino masses arise at one, two and three loops. In the prototypical Zee model which generates neutrino masses via one-loop diagrams involving charged scalars, we find that diagonal NSI can be as large as (8%
,
3
.
8%
,
9
.
3%) for (
ε
ee
, ε
μμ
, ε
ττ
), while off-diagonal NSI can be at most (10
−
3
%
,
0
.
56%
,
0
.
34%) for (
ε
eμ
, ε
eτ
, ε
μτ
). In one-loop neutrino mass models using leptoquarks (LQs), (
ε
μμ
, ε
ττ
) can be as large as (21
.
6%
,
51
.
7%), while
ε
ee
and (
ε
eμ
, ε
eτ
, ε
μτ
) can at most be 0.6%. Other two- and three-loop LQ models are found to give NSI of similar strength. The most stringent constraints on the diagonal NSI are found to come from neutrino oscillation and scattering experiments, while the off-diagonal NSI are mostly constrained by low-energy processes, such as atomic parity violation and cLFV. We also comment on the future sensitivity of these radiative models in long-baseline neutrino experiments, such as DUNE. While our analysis is focused on radiative neutrino mass models, it essentially covers all NSI possibilities with heavy mediators.
Antenatal care (ANC) visits provide an important opportunity for diagnostic, preventive, and curative services for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) during pregnancy. There is an identified need for ...an integrated, system-wide approach to provide both ANC and NCD services to improve maternal and child health outcomes in the short and long term.
This study assessed the readiness of health facilities to provide ANC and NCD services in Nepal and Bangladesh, identified as low-and middle-income countries.
The study used data from national health facility surveys in Nepal (n = 1565) and Bangladesh (n = 512) assessing recent service provision under the Demographic and Health Survey programs. Using the WHO's service availability and readiness assessment framework, the service readiness index was calculated across four domains: staff and guidelines, equipment, diagnostic, and medicines and commodities. Availability and readiness are presented as frequency and percentages, while factors associated with readiness were examined using binary logistic regression.
Of the facilities, 71% in Nepal, and 34% in Bangladesh reported offering both ANC and NCD services. The proportion of facilities which showed readiness for providing ANC and NCD services was 24% in Nepal and 16% in Bangladesh. Gaps in readiness were observed in the availability of trained staff, guidelines, basic equipment, diagnostics, and medicines. Facilities managed by the private sector or a Non-Governmental Organization, located in an urban area, with management systems to support the delivery of quality services were positively associated with readiness to provide both ANC and NCD services.
There is a need to strengthen the health workforce by ensuring skilled personnel, having policy, guidelines and standards, and that diagnostics, medicines, and commodities are available/provided in health facilities. Management and administrative systems are also required, including supervision and staff training, to enable health services to provide integrated care at an acceptable level of quality.
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This study aims to determine whether the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be used as a non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes patients. Here, we are reporting ...perovskite BaSnO3 based quick responsive and highly sensitive acetone biosensor for the sensing of low concentration acetone in the human breath. The BaSnO3 nanomaterial has been prepared by the sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method and confirmed by various characterization tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. XRD result reveals the cubic polycrystalline nature with space group of Fm-3 m of BaSnO3 with the average crystallite size of 24.197 nm and induced strain of 1.441 × 10-4. From the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) binding energy separation between Barium and Tin doublets are found to be 15.351 eV and 8.426 eV, which confirms the presence of Ba2+ and Sn4+ states respectively. For the exhale human breath level acetone of 1 ppm, the fabricated device shows the sensor response of 6.795 along with the fast performance with 3.325 s response time. The highest sensing response was found 45.850 for 50 ppm of acetone at 80 °C operating temperature and such sensing device shows the excellent linearity between blood glucose level and sensor response.
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•This research reports the monitoring of blood glucose levels by exhaling breath analysis.•The chemiresistive sensor based on BaSnO3 nanorods shows the response of 45.85 to acetone.•An excellent linearity for the blood glucose level and acetone level in exhaled human breath.•This sensor device exhibits fast performance within 3.32 s response time.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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