The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351527927 , has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 ...license
The start of the new millennium will be remembered for deadly climate-related disasters - the great floods in Thailand in 2011, Super Storm Sandy in the United States in 2012, and Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013, to name a few. In 2014, 17.5 million people were displaced by climate-related disasters, ten times more than the 1.7 million displaced by geophysical hazards. What is causing the increase in natural disasters and what effect does it have on the economy? Climate Change and Natural Disasters sends three messages: human-made factors exert a growing influence on climate-related disasters; because of the link to anthropogenic factors, there is a pressing need for climate mitigation; and prevention, including climate adaptation, ought not to be viewed as a cost to economic growth but as an investment. Ultimately, attention to climate-related disasters, arguably the most tangible manifestation of global warming, may help mobilize broader climate action. It can also be instrumental in transitioning to a path of low-carbon, green growth, improving disaster resilience, improving natural resource use, and caring for the urban environment. Vinod Thomas proposes that economic growth will become sustainable only if governments, political actors, and local communities combine natural disaster prevention and controlling climate change into national growth strategies. When considering all types of capital, particularly human capital, climate action can drive economic growth, rather than hinder it.
1. Overview 2. The Anatomy of Climate-Related Natural Disasters 3. The Rising Threat of Climate-Related Natural Disasters; Global 4. Climate Change Mitigation 5. Climate Adaptation and Disaster Management 6. Transforming Mindsets 7. A New Development Paradigm
A highly authoritative, lucid, and timely analysis of the implications of climate change and disasters for sustainable development—the universally accepted path for humanity in the 21st century.
Mohan Munasinghe , Chairman, Munasinghe Institute for Development
A thought-provoking examination of the links between climate change and natural disasters, and how to tackle both. Its call for greater investments in natural capital, "nature’s infrastructure"—in addition to physical and human capital—to meet these critical 21st century challenges is particularly timely and welcome.
Inger Andersen , Director General, International Union for Conservation of Nature
Recent extreme climate impacts in Asia and across the world underscore the urgent need to act on climate change. Policymakers need every resource available to put in place effective policies and incentives to achieve the vision outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement, and this book holds great potential to secure the practical pathways that can turn the Paris vision into reality.
Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
This is a timely and engagingly written book on an important topic of increasing international concern.
Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University
A compelling evidence-based call to action on the climate-natural disaster link. A must-read for development economists and advocates in rich and poor countries alike.
Nancy Birdsall , President, Center for Global Development
Vinod Thomas was formerly Senior Vice President at the World Bank and Director General at the Asian Development Bank. He is the author of 15 books and numerous peer-reviewed articles on subjects ranging from macroeconomic policy and trade policy to urban policy, agriculture, and the environment.
Open access – no commercial reuse
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book presents methods to evaluate sustainable development using economic tools. The focus on sustainable development takes the reader beyond ...economic growth to encompass inclusion, environmental stewardship and good governance. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for outcomes. In illustrating the SDGs, the book employs three evaluation approaches: impact evaluation, cost-benefit analysis and objectives-based evaluation. The innovation lies in connecting evaluation tools with economics. Inclusion, environmental care and good governance, thought of as “wicked problems”, are given centre stage. The book uses case studies to show the application of evaluation tools. It offers guidance to evaluation practitioners, students of development and policymakers. The basic message is that evaluation comes to life when its links with socio-economic, environmental, and governance policies are capitalized on.
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A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. When the links in the chain represent development projects, if individual projects fail to achieve their purpose, the development program's ...effectiveness is compromised. When the chain's links are strong and well-connected, the results are improved for the sector, country, and region. The role of multilateral banks is crucial; they inform the impact of development operations and support policymakers in decision making. This volume emphasizes that some crucial links in development tend to be systematically overlooked. In these matters, preoccupation with the immediate exigencies seems to come at the expense of attention to enduring problems-at a great cost to society. Development practitioners should apply policies that have produced results over time, ensuring that the links in the chain are strong, but too often they overlook those links-because of myopia, complexity, tradition, or special interests. This book will help policy makers and practitioners focus on the links that measure progress, apply lessons, and matter for lasting results.
Introduction: Odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and ameloblastoma are the most common forms of cystic pathology that affect the jaw bones. The purpose of this study was to assess the ...immunohistochemical expression of laminin 1 in these lesions and to study the probable role of laminin 1 in their biologic behavior. Materials and Methods: Serial sections of 4 µm were obtained from the archival blocks using standard microtome. One set of sections was used for immunohistochemical study. Presence of brown colored end product at the site of target antigen was considered as positive immunoreactivity. Results: Of the 10 ameloblastomas, 9 were positive. Among the 10 odontogenic keratocysts, 9 showed a positive immunoreactivity for laminin 1 and 1 case was negative. Among the 10 dentigerous cysts, all of them showed a positive immunoreactivity for laminin 1. A statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test and the statistical significance was evaluated. Discussion: All the lesions that showed positive immunoreactions for laminin 1 had basement membrane immunolocalization. The laminin 1 in odontogenic keratocysts showed that it is not involved in the formation of daughter cysts and the separation of epithelium and surrounding connective tissue. Conclusion: Expression of laminin 1 in the stellate reticulum can be a sign of the aggressiveness of ameloblastoma. Laminin 1 expression in the lining epithelium of dentigerous cyst can be used to explain its potential to transform to ameloblastoma. It can be concluded that the nature and aggressiveness of odontogenic cysts and tumors can be explained using laminin 1.
Compression of speech signal is an important field in digital signal processing. Speech signal compression has significant importance in today's world, because of limited bandwidth and transmission ...or storage capacity. Speech compression is a process of converting human speech signals into efficient encoded representations that can be decoded back to produce a close approximation of the original signal. This paper explores a transform based methodology for compression of the speech signal. In this methodology, different transforms such as FFT, DCT and DWT are exploited. A comparative study of performance of different transforms is made in terms of SNR, PSNR NRMSE and compression factor (CF). When compared, DWT gives higher compression with respect to DCT and FFT in terms of CF.
Epilepsy is a life-threatening neurological illness that affects millions of people throughout the world. The most common symptom of epilepsy is seizures. Seizures are characterized by fast bursts of ...uncontrolled electrical activity in a group of neurons in specific areas of the cerebral cortex. The method used most frequently in clinical practice to identify epileptic seizures is electroencephalography (EEG). But manual examination of EEG brain waves is a laborious and error-prone operation that takes time. A number of automatic systems have already been developed to help the neurologists to identify epilepsy. But the aberrant activity related to the seizure starts a few minutes before the onset of seizure. As a result, if the system can detect discriminative traits from the pre-ictal time period, the seizure prediction procedure can be automated as well. Fast and reliable seizure prediction is still a difficult task due to the non-stationary nature of EEG signal. The proposed work introduces an efficient deep learning approach for seizure anticipation in which the time series EEG signal is first converted to a two-dimensional color image called scalogram and fed to the neural network for feature extraction. CNN model is used for extracting the features. The NN is employed with separable convolution to offer the best prediction result in epileptic seizures. Multiple units of CNNs which operates on the same scalogram are connected in parallel. The outputs of the parallel neural networks with different discriminative features are concatenated so that classification power can be improved. A dense layer with an output layer is used for classification. The proposed approach was tested on 22 human beings from the CHBMIT scalp EEG dataset, and it was found that the suggested model provides an accuracy of 98.3%, specificity of 100%, and sensitivity is 96.68%.
The start of the new millennium will be remembered for deadly climate-related disasters - the great floods in Thailand in 2011, Super Storm Sandy in the United States in 2012, and Typhoon Haiyan in ...the Philippines in 2013, to name a few. In 2014, 17.5 million people were displaced by climate-related disasters, ten times more than the 1.7 million displaced by geophysical hazards. What is causing the increase in natural disasters and what effect does it have on the economy? Climate Change and Natural Disasters sends three messages: human-made factors exert a growing influence on climate-related disasters; because of the link to anthropogenic factors, there is a pressing need for climate mitigation; and prevention, including climate adaptation, ought not to be viewed as a cost to economic growth but as an investment. Ultimately, attention to climate-related disasters, arguably the most tangible manifestation of global warming, may help mobilize broader climate action. It can also be instrumental in transitioning to a path of low-carbon, green growth, improving disaster resilience, improving natural resource use, and caring for the urban environment. Vinod Thomas proposes that economic growth will become sustainable only if governments, political actors, and local communities combine natural disaster prevention and controlling climate change into national growth strategies. When considering all types of capital, particularly human capital, climate action can drive economic growth, rather than hinder it.
The start of the new millennium will be remembered for deadly climate-related disasters - the great floods in Thailand in 2011, Super Storm Sandy in the United States in 2012, and Typhoon Haiyan in ...the Philippines in 2013, to name a few. In 2014, 17.5 million people were displaced by climate-related disasters, ten times more than the 1.7 million displaced by geophysical hazards. What is causing the increase in natural disasters and what effect does it have on the economy? Climate Change and Natural Disasters sends three messages: human-made factors exert a growing influence on climate-related disasters; because of the link to anthropogenic factors, there is a pressing need for climate mitigation; and prevention, including climate adaptation, ought not to be viewed as a cost to economic growth but as an investment. Ultimately, attention to climate-related disasters, arguably the most tangible manifestation of global warming, may help mobilize broader climate action. It can also be instrumental in transitioning to a path of low-carbon, green growth, improving disaster resilience, improving natural resource use, and caring for the urban environment. Vinod Thomas proposes that economic growth will become sustainable only if governments, political actors, and local communities combine natural disaster prevention and controlling climate change into national growth strategies. When considering all types of capital, particularly human capital, climate action can drive economic growth, rather than hinder it.
Clozapine is effective in up to 50 % of patients resistant to other antipsychotics. Its use is restricted to third-line due to adverse effects which include myocarditis. Australia reports the highest ...incidence of clozapine-associated myocarditis (CAM) in the context of pharmacovigilance and relatively rapid titration. An audit of patients commenced on clozapine within the Central Adelaide Local Health Network (CALHN) between 2012 and 2015 found an incidence of 8.6 %. We present here a case series from a follow up audit considering titration relevant risk factors for CAM.
We reviewed anecdotal cases and data from all hospital-based commencements of clozapine across CALHN for the period July 2021 to June 2022 using pharmacy and medical record databases. We identified 5 cases of CAM and all had risk factors impacting on clozapine metabolism, including rapid titration, elevated baseline CRP, Asian ethnicity and concomitant treatment with inhibitors of clozapine metabolism.
While personalisation of clozapine treatment needs further investigation in prospective trials, slower titration to lower targets for risk groups may not impact on hospital length of stay and has the potential to significantly reduce the burden of adverse events. Australian manufacturer approved titration rates exceed those recommended for personalised dosing and may not be safe for patients with risk factors. Early clozapine levels at week two could identify slow metabolisers for dose adjustment. Closer ties between psychiatrists and cardiologists are critical for the development of protocols for safely maintaining clozapine treatment during low level cardiac inflammation and to support safe rechallenge.
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