1003. OROBANCHE RAPUM‐GENISTAE: Orobanchaceae Thorogood, Chris J; Rumsey, Fred J
Curtis's botanical magazine (1995),
December 2021, 2021-12-00, 20211201, Volume:
38, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Summary
The distribution, ecology and taxonomic history of Orobanche rapum‐genistae Thuill. are discussed with particular reference to the British Isles and elsewhere in Europe where the plant has ...retracted markedly within its former range. The variation present within the species is described and the typical form is illustrated. The outlook for this sharply declining species is considered in the broader context of parasitic plant ecology and conservation.
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Parasitic plants contain some of the most bizarre and fascinating organisms in the plant kingdom. Yet they are notable for their absence from botanic gardens’ plant collections and conservation ...strategies. Besides a handful of species, few are widespread in cultivation; indeed we estimate at least 76 per cent of species are entirely missing from collections today, and most of these have never been grown at all. Here, we place focus on the holoparasites, a group of plants long neglected due to their difficulty in cultivation. We review propagation breakthroughs in temperate and tropical botanic gardens to identify guiding principles for the cultivation of these neglected plants. We document the life cycle of a range of parasitic plants, and assess successful and failed attempts to propagate Rafflesia specifically, which has been the focus of decades of research. By uniting isolated case studies from around the world, we identify future directions for the cultivation and possible ex situ conservation of these botanical enigmas at a time when this is needed urgently. Finally, we recommend a dedicated global community of purpose as an intentional step forward: this could take the form of a Global Consortium for Conservation for parasitic plants, or a Parasitic Plant Specialist Group under the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Prosopanche: A remarkable genus of parasitic plants Hatt, Sebastian A.; Cameron, Duncan D.; Grace, Olwen M. ...
Plants, people, planet,
March 2023, 2023-03-00, 20230301, 2023-03-01, Volume:
5, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Prosopanche is a poorly known genus of parasitic plants from South and Central America. Growing almost entirely underground with a complete lack of leaves, plants of Prosopanche bear more resemblance ...to fungi than plants and have many remarkable aspects to their life history and ecology that require further investigation. Here, we provide an up‐to‐date revision of the current state of understanding of Prosopanche, including taxonomy, biogeography, plant‐pollinator ecology and host‐parasite interactions. We discuss the untapped research potential of this group of plants and recommend the Prosopanche as an ideal candidate for exploring the evolutionary origins of parasitism among flowering plants.
Prosopanche es un género de plantas parásitas de Centroamérica y Sudamérica, el cual es poco conocido. Desarrollandose casi enteramente enterrado y con ausencia de hojas, las plantas de Prosopanche se asemejan más a los hongos que a la mayoría de las plantas. Prosopanche tiene, además, remarcables aspectos relacionados a su ecología e historia natural que requieren mayores investigaciones. Aquí, nosotros presentamos una revisión actualizada sobre el estado del conocimiento de Prosopanche, incluyendo taxonomía, biogeografía, ecología planta‐polinizador e interacciones hospedero‐parásito. Además, discutimos sobre el potencial de investigación de este grupo de plantas y sugerimos que Prosopanche es un candidato ideal para la exploración sobre el origen evolutivo del parasitismo en las plantas con flores.
Prosopanche is a remarkable yet poorly known genus of parasitic plants. We provide an up‐to‐date revision of the current state of understanding of Prosopanche, including taxonomy, biogeography, plant–pollinator ecology and host–parasite interactions. This Flora Obscura article will deliver this extraordinary plant genus to the attention of the wider scientific community, stimulating new research that harnesses the potential of Prosopanche to investigate important evolutionary and ecological questions, such as the origins of parasitism in flowering plants. This information will also aid conservation planners in providing appropriate protection for these valuable plants.
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‘Desert hyacinths’ (Cistanche) are a remarkable genus of parasitic plants, some of which are traded widely for herbal medicine or have historical local importance as food. Despite their importance, ...little or nothing is known about the biology of most species and their taxonomy remains confused, hindering identification. A growing body of research into the cultivation of pharmacologically well‐characterised Cistanche taxa has enabled regional supply of traditional herbal medicine at low‐level cost and intervention. In the context of a global desertification crisis, there is significant potential to expand cultivation of Cistanche beyond China, as an ancillary crop alongside vegetation planted to halt land degradation. However, to realise this potential and to monitor trade to control any possible unsustainable harvesting of threatened wild populations, robust taxonomy informed by both morphological and molecular data is needed.
肉苁蓉属植物有时也被称为“沙漠风信子”, 属内包含多种引人注目的寄生植物, 它们常常作为药用植物进入贸易市场, 还是区域性的传统食物。尽管它们有重要价值, 但是人们对肉苁蓉属内大多数植物知之甚少, 属内物种的分类仍然混淆不清, 阻碍了物种鉴定。肉苁蓉属植物的药理性质逐渐清晰, 越来越多的研究者开始关注它们的栽培种植技术, 这种低成本、低干预的种植方式可以满足传统草药的供给需求。在全球沙漠化的危机背景下, 肉苁蓉属植物可以作为辅助作物生长在防沙固沙的屏障植物上, 所以极有潜力扩大种植、走出中国国门。然而无论是将此潜力转化为现实, 还是监管现有交易, 或是管控针对野外濒危种群的破坏性采集, 都需要建立在可靠的植物分类学基础上。
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
The rare ant‐plant Anthorrhiza echinella C.R.Huxley & Jebb from Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated. The outlook of the species and the importance of ex situ conservation strategies ...for this and other ant‐plants are discussed in the context of botanic garden collections. Based on the plant's likely current distribution, we have assessed the species under the IUCN Red List as Endangered (EN) under criteria B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii).
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16.
Rhizanthella: Orchids unseen Thorogood, Chris J.; Bougoure, Jeremy J.; Hiscock, Simon J.
Plants, people, planet,
July 2019, 2019-07-00, 20190701, Volume:
1, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Rhizanthella is a genus of Australian orchids most of which, uniquely, flower underground. All are rare and of grave conservation concern.
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This article comments on:
Sebastià Capó-Bauçà, Marcel Font-Carrascosa, Miquel Ribas-Carbó, Andrej Pavlovč and Jeroni Galmés, Biochemical and mesophyll diffusional limits to photosynthesis are ...determined by prey and root nutrient uptake in the carnivorous pitcher plant Nepenthes × ventrata, Annals of Botany, Volume 126, Issue 1, 29 June 2020, Pages 25–37, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa041.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydnora is a poorly known genus of parasitic plants from Africa and southern Arabia. An extreme reduction in morphological features, including the complete lack of leaves, has led to Hydnora's ...reputation as “the strangest plant in the world.” Although it is among the most basal parasitic angiosperms known to science, little work has been carried out on the genus and it remains virtually unknown in cultivation.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Parasitic angiosperms are an ecologically and economically important group of plants. However our understanding of the basis for host specificity in these plants is embryonic. Recently we ...investigated host specificity in the parasitic angiosperm Orobanche minor, and demonstrated that this host generalist parasite comprises genetically defined races that are physiologically adapted to specific hosts. Populations occurring naturally on red clover (Trifolium pratense) and sea carrot (Daucus carota subsp. gummifer) respectively, showed distinct patterns of host specificity at various developmental stages, and a higher fitness on their natural hosts, suggesting these races are locally adapted. Here we discuss the implications of our findings from a broader perspective. We suggest that differences in signal responsiveness and perception by the parasite, as well as qualitative differences in signal production by the host, may elicit host specificity in this parasitic plant. Together with our earlier demonstration that these O. minor races are genetically distinct based on molecular markers, our recent data provide a snapshot of speciation in action, driven by host specificity. Indeed, host specificity may be an underestimated catalyst for speciation in parasitic plants generally. We propose that identifying host specific races using physiological techniques will complement conventional molecular marker-based approaches to provide a framework for delineating evolutionary relationships among cryptic host-specific parasitic plants.
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