By introducing normalized mode excitation coefficient and total mode excitation coefficient, we improve the 3-D mode propagation analysis (MPA) method for convenient design and analysis of multimode ...interference (MMI) coupler. With the improved 3-D MPA method and point-matching method, we present a novel formulation technique to analyze the low- and high-frequency characteristics for the impedance-matched polymer Mach-Zehnder interferometer electro-optic (EO) switch based on MMI couplers. As an application, under 1550 nm, optimization and simulation performed for the designed device reveal low driving voltage of 1.375 V with short EO region length of 5 mm. The insertion loss and extinction ratio are less than 3.75 dB and more than 42 dB, respectively. The microwave characteristic impedance is about 49.6 Ω, and due to the less mismatch between lightwave velocity and microwave velocity, the estimated cutoff switching frequency is up to 263 GHz with the 10–90% rise time and fall time about 1.90 ps under the operation of step-style square-wave switching signal. This theoretical cutoff switching frequency is almost 1.53 times of that of our previous reported shielded EO switch with similar design technique.
Strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) correlation has long been postulated to be closely related to the occurrence of unconventional high-temperature superconductivity observed in the cuprates, heavy ...fermions, and organic superconductors. The recently discovered Fe-based superconductors add another interesting member to the list. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the versatile nature of the magnetic correlation in these materials: some showing stripe (C-type) order, others double stripe (E-type) or block AFM order instead, implying potentially richer structures of the superconducting order. Here we report the observation of yet another AFM correlation in the family: a G-type AFM order as seen in the high-Tc cuprates, in CuxFe1−yAs compounds isostructural to the LiFeAs superconductor. This study not only sheds light on the underlying mechanism of the rich magnetic correlations in the Fe-based superconductors, but also suggests the possibility of realizing a distinct pairing symmetry upon chemical doping or applying pressure.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Currently, the top-down spatial data update mechanism has made a big progress and it is wildly applied in many SDI (spatial data infrastructure). However, this mechanism still has some issues. For ...example, the update schedule is limited by the professional department’s project, usually which is too long for the end-user; the data form collection to public cost too much time and energy for professional department; the details of geospatial information does not provide sufficient attribute, etc. Thus, how to deal with the problems has become the effective shortcut. Emerging Internet technology, 3S technique and geographic information knowledge which is popular in the public promote the booming development of geoscience in volunteered geospatial information. Volunteered geospatial information is the current "hotspot", which attracts many researchers to study its data quality and credibility, accuracy, sustainability, social benefit, application and so on. In addition to this, a few scholars also pay attention to the value of VGI to support the SDI updating. And on that basis, this paper presents a bottom-up update mechanism form VGI to SDI, which includes the processes of match homonymous elements between VGI and SDI vector data , change data detection, SDI spatial database update and new data product publication to end-users. Then, the proposed updating cycle is deeply discussed about the feasibility of which can detect the changed elements in time and shorten the update period, provide more accurate geometry and attribute data for spatial data infrastructure and support update propagation.
Preparative separation of methyl gallate in leaves extract of
Acer truncatum Bunge was conducted using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a solvent system composed of ethyl ...acetate–ethanol–water at volume ratios of 5:1:5 (v/v/v). In a single operation, 57.5
mg of methyl gallate was obtained from 120
mg of the extract. HPLC analyses of the counter-current chromatography (CCC) fraction revealed that the methyl gallate was having over 97% purity. Its structure was identified by
1H NMR and
13C NMR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The antireflection Germanium carbide (Ge1-xCx) coating, deposited using RF reactive sputtering, on both sides of ZnS substrate wafer has been developed. The infrared (IR) transmittance spectra show ...that the IR transmittance in the wavelength region between 8 and 12mum for the designed system Ge1-xCx/ZnS/Ge1-xCx is greatly enhanced compared to that for ZnS substrate. In addition, the double-layer coated ZnS substrate is approximately four times as hard as uncoated ZnS substrate. This investigation indicates that a double-layer Ge1-xCx coating can be used as an effective antireflection and protection coating on ZnS infrared window.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Water stress is the major environmental stress that affect agricultural production worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This research investigated the effect of water stress on common ...reed (
Phragmites australis
(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) grown in the West Lake Wetland of Zhangye City, China. We designed with four water treatments (100, 95, 85 and 75% of water field capacity, i.e. CK (100%), mild (95%), moderate (85%) and severe (75%) water deficit regimes). The effect of water stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was investigated. There was a midday depression in net photosynthetic rate (
P
n
) for CK, mild and moderate drought, but not for severe drought. Stomatal limitation was dominant for mild treatment. But under severe drought stomatal limitation to photosynthesis was dominating in the morning and nonstomatal limitation was dominating in the afternoon. Compared with CK treatment,
P
n
, stomatal conductance (
g
s
), intercellular CO
2
concentration (
C
i
), transpiration rate (
E
) and water use efficiency (WUE) were always lower at drought stress. This result suggests that water stress caused the photosynthesis of common reed to be completely blocked and the common reed was a drought-sensitive plant. We found 75% is the moisture threshold for common reed. The decrease in
F
m
,
F
v
,
F
v
/
F
m
and increase
F
0
suggested that Rubisco activity reduced and PSII partially inactivated during the day under drought. However, part of this inactivation of PSII might be alleviated under mild or moderate drought, but severe drought cannot. Drought stress also affected the photosynthesis
P
n
-PAR response curve. Drought stress increased LCP,
R
D
and decreased LSP,
P
max
and AQY. This indicates that when common reed suffers from drought, the utilization range of light intensity become narrowed and photosynthetic ability or adaptability to light reduced.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the tumorigenesis of various cancers. CircRNA hsa_circ_0001944 (circ_0001944), derived from the TCONS_l2_00030860 gene, has been uncovered to be upregulated in ...NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer). Nevertheless, the influence of circ_0001944 on glycolysis and tumor growth in NSCLC is unclear.
Expression trend of circ_0001944 in NSCLC tissues and cells were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Loss-of-function experiments were performed to assess the influence of circ_0001944 knockdown on proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis of NSCLC cells. Protein levels were assessed by Western blotting. The regulatory mechanism of circ_0001944 was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and/or RNA pull-down assay. The tumorigenicity of circ_0001944 was confirmed by xenograft assay.
Circ_0001944 was highly expressed in NSCLC, and NSCLC patients with high expression of circ_0001944 had a worse prognosis. Circ_0001944 silencing decreased xenograft tumor growth in vivo and repressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis of NSCLC cells in vitro. Circ_0001944 was verified as a decoy for microRNA (miR)-142-5p, which targeted NFAT5 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 5). MiR-142-5p was downregulated while NFAT5 was upregulated in NSCLC. Both miR-142-5p inhibition and NFAT5 overexpression offset the suppressive impact of circ_0001944 silencing on proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis of NSCLC cells. Circ_0001944 adsorbed miR-142-5p to elevate NFAT5 expression in NSCLC cells.
Circ_0001944 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis of NSCLC cells by upregulating NFAT5 through adsorbing miR-142-5p, offering a novel mechanism for understanding the advancement of NSCLC.
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