This paper proposes a new multi-objective command filtered adaptive control strategy for the active suspension systems with nonlinear hydraulic actuators. Firstly, command filters are designed to ...avoid the influences of the explosion of complexity on hydraulic suspension systems. The output of the command filters replaces the derivatives of virtual control signals to remove the online computational burdens caused by the explosion of complexity in the backstepping technique, which is appropriate for the practical hydraulic suspension systems that the differential coefficients of high-order are difficult to gain. Furthermore, the error compensation signals are designed to eliminate the filtering errors and proved to be bounded. Therefore, the large peaks of the output control forces caused by online computational burdens are eliminated, which means that small control forces can achieve good control results. Then, the ride comfort is improved. The dynamic load ratios and suspension working spaces are proved in small regions, which can guarantee the multi-objective control in nonlinear hydraulic active suspension systems. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
There are remarkable disparities among patients of different races with prostate cancer; however, the mechanism underlying this difference remains unclear. Here, we present a comprehensive landscape ...of the transcriptome profiles of 14 primary prostate cancers and their paired normal counterparts from the Chinese population using RNA-seq, revealing tremendous diversity across prostate cancer transcriptomes with respect to gene fusions, long noncoding RNAs （long ncRNA）, alternative splicing and somatic mutations. Three of the 14 tumors （21.4%） harbored a TM- PRSS2-ERG fusion, and the low prevalence of this fusion in Chinese patients was further confirmed in an additional tumor set （10/54=18.5%）. Notably, two novel gene fusions, CTAGE5-KHDRBS3 （20/54=37%） and USP9Y-TTTY15 （19/54=35.2%）, occurred frequently in our patient cohort. Further systematic transcriptional profiling identified nu- merous long ncRNAs that were differentially expressed in the tumors. An analysis of the correlation between expres- sion of long ncRNA and genes suggested that long ncRNAs may have functions beyond transcriptional regulation. This study yielded new insights into the pathogenesis of prostate cancer in the Chinese population.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
N‐doped graphene‐like layered carbon (NG) could be synthesized via a metal‐free pyrolysis route from glucose, fructose, and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF), which are cheap and widely available ...biomass or biomass derivatives. A well‐developed thin‐layer structure with large lateral dimensions could be obtained when 5‐HMF was used as the precursor. More importantly, the 5‐HMF‐derived NG gave superior performance in epoxidation reactions compared with the conventional carbon catalysts and the performance of 5‐HMF derived NG was even similar to that of a cobalt catalyst. Characterizations by TEM and XPS accompanied by EPR analysis revealed that the enhanced catalytic properties for NG arise from its high activation ability for both alkenes and O2, which are attributed to the graphitic layered structure and graphitic N species, respectively.
N‐doped graphene‐like layered carbon (NG) could be synthesized by a metal‐free pyrolysis route from glucose, fructose, and 5‐HMF, which are widely available biomass or biomass derivatives. A well‐developed thin‐layer structure with large lateral dimensions could be observed for 5‐HMF‐derived NG, which could be used as a metal‐free catalyst in alkene epoxidation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nitric oxide (NO) signaling regulates various physiological processes in both animals and plants. In animals, NO synthesis is mainly catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes. Although NOS-like ...activities that are sensitive to mammalian NOS inhibitors have been detected in plant extracts, few bona fide plant NOS enzymes have been identified. We searched the data set produced by the 1000 Plants (1KP) international consortium for the presence of transcripts encoding NOS-like proteins in over 1000 species of land plants and algae. We also searched for genes encoding NOS-like enzymes in 24 publicly available algal genomes. We identified no typical NOS sequences in 1087 sequenced transcriptomes of land plants. In contrast, we identified NOS-like sequences in 15 of the 265 algal species analyzed. Even if the presence of NOS enzymes assembled from multipolypeptides in plants cannot be conclusively discarded, the emerging data suggest that, instead of generating NO with evolutionarily conserved NOS enzymes, land plants have evolved finely regulated nitrate assimilation and reduction processes to synthesize NO through a mechanism different than that in animals.
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional event that recodes hereditary information. Here we describe a comprehensive profile of the RNA editome of a male Han Chinese individual based on analysis of ∼767 ...million sequencing reads from poly(A)(+), poly(A)(-) and small RNA samples. We developed a computational pipeline that carefully controls for false positives while calling RNA editing events from genome and whole-transcriptome data of the same individual. We identified 22,688 RNA editing events in noncoding genes and introns, untranslated regions and coding sequences of protein-coding genes. Most changes (∼93%) converted A to I(G), consistent with known editing mechanisms based on adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR). We also found evidence of other types of nucleotide changes; however, these were validated at lower rates. We found 44 editing sites in microRNAs (miRNAs), suggesting a potential link between RNA editing and miRNA-mediated regulation. Our approach facilitates large-scale studies to profile and compare editomes across a wide range of samples.
The synthesis of hierarchical nanosized zeolite materials without growth modifiers and mesoporogens remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we report a general synthetic approach to produce ...hierarchical nanosized single‐crystal aluminophosphate molecular sieves by preparing highly homogeneous and concentrated precursors and heating at elevated temperatures. Accordingly, aluminophosphate zeotypes of LTA (8‐rings), AEL (10‐rings), AFI (12‐rings), and ‐CLO (20‐rings) topologies, ranging from small to extra‐large pores, were synthesized. These materials show exceptional properties, including small crystallites (30–150 nm), good monodispersity, abundant mesopores, and excellent thermal stability. A time‐dependent study revealed a non‐classical crystallization pathway by particle attachment. This work opens a new avenue for the development of hierarchical nanosized zeolite materials and understanding their crystallization mechanism.
Hierarchical nanosized single‐crystal zeotypes: AEL‐, AFI‐, LTA‐, and ‐CLO‐type aluminophosphate molecular sieve nanocrystals with intracrystalline mesopores have been synthesized from highly homogeneous and concentrated precursors without growth modifiers and mesoporogens.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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A series Pt/SAPO-11 were prepared by using incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and colloidal impregnation (CI) methods. TEM, STEM, CO-FTIR and H2 chemisorption were employed to study ...the effects of preparation method on the distributions of Pt sites. The catalytic performance of Pt/SAPO-11 was evaluated by using n-dodecane as the model reactant in a fixed-bed reactor. The characterization results suggested that the Pt sites on IWI catalyst could be mainly distributed near the micropore mouth of SAPO-11, while the Pt sites on CI catalyst could be mainly distributed on the external surface. In n-dodecane hydroisomerization, IWI catalyst showed higher activity and isomerization selectivity than CI catalyst. Possible relationships between the distributions of Pt sites and the catalytic performance of Pt/SAPO-11 were discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This article investigated the effect of geometric structural parameters on flow patterns and pressure drops and gas–liquid mixing effects of gas–liquid mixing devices. The computational fluid ...dynamics software FLUENT was used to calculate the airflow inside the mixer of a compressed air–foam gas–liquid mixing device with different cone angles, foam flow rates, air inlet inclination angles, and pipeline diameters. The results obtained are the pressure distribution, the liquid volume fraction, and the liquid phase streamlines in the mixing device. The numerical simulation results showed that for a gas–liquid mixing device, the optimal inlet inclination angle was 60°–70°, and the mixing effect of an equal diameter mixer was better than that of a variable diameter mixer, but it would reduce the mixing efficiency of the air and foam. The optimal pipeline diameter of the conveying pipeline was 190 mm, and the optimal cone angle of the mixing device was 55°.
A one‐step hydrotreatment of vegetable oil combining deoxygenation and isomerization to directly produce low cloud point, high quality diesel is devised. The Pt/zeolite bifunctional catalysts ...prepared by using SAPO‐11 and ZSM‐22 zeolites as supports are used in this process. Catalytic reactions are conducted in a fixed‐bed reactor under a hydrogen atmosphere. Over the bifunctional catalyst, 100 % conversion of soybean oil is obtained at 357 °C, 4 MPa, and 1 h−1, and 80 % organic liquid yield is achieved, which is close to the maximum theoretical liquid yield. In the organic products, the alkanes selectivity is 100 % with an i‐alkanes selectivity above 63 %. NH3‐temperature programmed desorption (TPD), pyridine IR spectroscopy, and other characterization techniques are used to study the effect of the support acidity on the reaction pathway. Over the Pt/zeolite bifunctional catalyst with less strong Lewis acid sites, the reaction proceeds via the decarboxylation plus decarbonylation pathway. This one‐step method provides a new strategy to produce low cloud point, high quality diesel from biomass feedstock in a more economic and attractive way.
From vegetable oil to diesel: The one‐step hydrotreatment of vegetable oil combining deoxygenation and isomerization provides a new strategy to directly produce low cloud point, high quality diesel from biomass feedstock. The support acidity of the Pt/zeolite bifunctional catalyst greatly influences this process. Over the catalyst with more Brønsted acid sites and less strong Lewis acid sites, a more economically attractive pathway occurs.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, a new adaptive dynamic surface control strategy is proposed to deal with the uncertainty parameters of electro-hydraulic actuator and unknown external disturbances of vehicle active ...suspension system. A dynamic model of nonlinear vehicle active suspension is established. The adaptive parameter estimation laws are designed to estimate the uncertain parameters caused by the change of the physical characteristics of the electro-hydraulic actuator. In other words, the estimation of uncertain parameters in hydraulic system is beneficial to improve the control precision of vehicle. Nonlinear robust feedback signal is introduced to suppress unknown external disturbances. Then, this paper proposes an idea of dynamic surface in order to avoid explosion of complexity that caused by virtual control signal. The dynamic surface function replaces the derivative of virtual control signal in backstepping control, which reduces the computational complexity and improves the riding comfort. The simulation comparison shows that the presented method is effective in improving riding comfort and driving safety.
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