Identifying pneumonia in chest X-rays: A deep learning approach Jaiswal, Amit Kumar; Tiwari, Prayag; Kumar, Sachin ...
Measurement : journal of the International Measurement Confederation,
October 2019, 2019-10-00, 20191001, Volume:
145
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•Detecting pneumonia in the critical stage of diagnosis can be life threatening.•Deep learning techniques ease the process of pneumonia identification process.•Radiologists find it beneficial to ...distinguish chest X-ray images among absence or presence of pneumonia.•Mask-RCNN configures regional context which helps finding accurate results.
The rich collection of annotated datasets piloted the robustness of deep learning techniques to effectuate the implementation of diverse medical imaging tasks. Over 15% of deaths include children under age five are caused by pneumonia globally. In this study, we describe our deep learning based approach for the identification and localization of pneumonia in Chest X-rays (CXRs) images. Researchers usually employ CXRs for the diagnostic imaging study. Several factors such as positioning of the patient and depth of inspiration can change the appearance of the chest X-ray, complicating interpretation further. Our identification model (https://github.com/amitkumarj441/identify_pneumonia) is based on Mask-RCNN, a deep neural network which incorporates global and local features for pixel-wise segmentation. Our approach achieves robustness through critical modifications of the training process and a novel post-processing step which merges bounding boxes from multiple models. The proposed identification model achieves better performances evaluated on chest radiograph dataset which depict potential pneumonia causes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study reveals the mechanistic aspects drug solubilization in Pluronic P123 (P123) micelles using NMR techniques, such as Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy (DOSY), NMR relaxation time and ...quantitative NMR (qNMR). Quercetin was used as a model hydrophobic drug. The effect of shell-crosslinking upon drug-micelle interaction and drug release has also been studied. Average hydrodynamic size of micelles was found to be 22 nm. The size did not change appreciably even following shell-crosslinking and quercetin solubilization. The diffusion coefficient, as analyzed from DOSY spectra, verified that the drug molecules were completely encapsulated in the micelle core. The proportion of anhydrous methyl groups increased with a reduction in the proportion of hydrated methyl groups inside the micelle core. Together with the observations on crosslinked micelles and temperature-induced dehydration of core-forming block, it becomes clear that hydrophobic interaction between anhydrous methyl groups and quercetin could be the reason behind drug solubilization. Finally, we demonstrate that shell-crosslinking of the micelles can be a promising way of improving the loading capacity and prolonging the release for solubilized molecules.
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•Solubilization of hydrophobic quercetin can be achieved in P123 micelles.•NMR techniques were employed to study the localization of quercetin in micelles.•Increased hydrophobicity of the core during crosslinking enabled higher drug loading.•Superior control over the drug release rate can be achieved through shell-crosslinking.
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Technologies are affecting our day to day life, future trends, Warcraft, space explorations, Gene technologies and hybrid species but most importantly life expectancy has increased with the help of ...technological support in the medical field, with advancements in technologies. Few of the recent additions are the 5G, Tactile Internet, Internet of Things (IoT), AI and robotics, Technologies that have assisted inter-disciplinary advancements, resulting in efficient smart healthcare support systems; and has achieved a status of foremost socio-economic concern for expenditure incurring on healthcare issues and accessibility of resources. In an effective way, the inclusion of technology in healthcare makes it positively possible for professionals to monitor and attend chronic disease patients to provide timely treatment to the patients even in remote locations. Tele-surgery has a perspective to provide urgent medical services and came out with different opportunities to deliver highly skilled doctors globally. Tele-surgery requires technologies such as 5G, Tactile Internet and AI to help reduce problems of resource scheduling. This paper presents a technological analysis of robotic telesurgery which is based on 5G, Tactile Internet as well as on Artificial Intelligence (AI). This paper also discusses challenges and issues being encountered in telesurgery; subsequently, a FOG assisted interactive model is presented to expedite and reduce the latency of the process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aims:
To determine the effect of functional strength training (FST) and strength training (ST) on sit-to-stand (STS) performance and functional-autonomy (FA) in older adults.
Methods:
A total of 30 ...subjects participated in the study, which were randomly allocated to two groups-ST group (control N = 15) and FST group (experimental N = 15) with pre and post experimental design. Outcome Measures: Time taken for STS performance which was assessed by 5 time STS test and FA which was assessed by Latin American Development Group for Maturity (GDLAM) protocol.
Results
: Both FST and ST significantly improved STS performance and FA in older adults (p = 0.001), but FST was found to be more effective tool on STS performance and FA for older adults in between group analysis.
Conclusion:
Our results provide evidence that FST is more beneficial for older adults than ST. This helps in early rehabilitation of the patient.
In this work, high-performance flexible solution-processed nonvolatile memory based on organic field-effect transistor (OFET-NVM) is reported. These flexible OFET-NVMs with P(VDF-TrFE) as a gate ...dielectric exhibited excellent memory behavior with high memory window (MW) of 12 V for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V}_{\text {GS}} </tex-math></inline-formula> sweep of ±15 V and drain operating voltages (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V}_{\text {DS}}{)} </tex-math></inline-formula> of −5 V. This performance was supported by large remnant polarization in P(VDF-TrFE) confirmed through polarization versus applied voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{P} </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V}{)} </tex-math></inline-formula> hysteresis loop. Moreover, these devices show stable retention capability for higher than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">10^{4} </tex-math></inline-formula> s with memory <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{I}_{\text {on}}/{I}_{\text {off}} \sim 10^{3} </tex-math></inline-formula> as demonstrated for 100 continues cycles. Moreover, the memory performance for these OFET-NVMs was intact even after continuous dynamic retention for 500 cycles indicating high reliability of operation. Even after application of 100 repeated bending cycles, devices exhibited fairly stable and reliable NVM behavior. Although a minimal deterioration in performance was observed upon bending, the results are remarkable for solution-processed flexible OFET-NVMs with P(VDF-TrFE) considering the low drain operating voltages. The overall high performance makes these devices excellent candidates for further exploration for flexible electronics.
•We study the hub location problem faced by an airline entering a competitive market in single and multiple allocation network setting.•The problem is modelled as a non-linear integer program.•We ...propose four different approaches to solve it.•Our best performing method uses Kelley’s cutting plane within Lagrangian relaxation.•We are able to solve instances upto 50 nodes from AP data-set within 120 and 10 min of CPU time for single and multiple allocation settings, respectively.
In this paper, we study the hub location problem of an airline that wants to set up its hub and spoke network, in order to maximize its market share in a competitive market. The market share is maximized under the assumption that customers choose amongst competing airlines on the basis of utility provided by the respective airlines. We provide model formulations for the airline’s problem for two alternate network settings: one in the multiple allocation setting and another in the single allocation setting. Both these formulations are non-linear integer programs, which are intractable for most of the off-the-shelf commercial solvers. We propose two alternate approaches for each of the formulations to solve them optimally. The first among them is based on a mixed integer second order conic program reformulation, and the second uses Kelley’s cutting plane method within Lagrangian relaxation. On the basis of extensive numerical tests on well-known data-sets (CAB and AP), we conclude that the Kelley’s cutting plane within Lagrangian relaxation is computationally the best for both the single and multiple allocation settings, especially for large instances. We are able to solve instances upto 50 nodes from AP data-set within 120 and 10 minutes of CPU time for single and multiple allocation settings, respectively, which were unsolved by mixed integer second order cone based reformulation or Kelley’s cutting plane algorithm in the maximum allowed CPU time (3 hours for single allocation and 1 hour for multiple allocation).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study addresses the challenge of enhancing pavement condition assessment methodologies by proposing a universal XGBoost-SHAP framework. Leveraging diverse numerical input variables, including ...cracking, plasticity index, maximum dry density, California bearing ratio, soil type, and layer thickness, this framework aims to derive pivotal pavement condition parameters efficiently. The research demonstrates the framework’s efficacy in facilitating data-driven decision-making, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing. Notably, the study utilizes a dataset of 2001 instances from the non-core road network of Andhra Pradesh State for model training and validation. Results reveal the clear advantages of the XGBoost-SHAP model over conventional FWD approach, particularly in terms of cost-efficiency, transparency, and precision. Detailed analysis employing Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) identifies cracking percentage as a key predictor for surface condition parameters, while California Bearing Ratio (CBR) emerges as crucial for deflection ratio prediction, highlighting the model’s predictive power and transparency. Among all the ensemble approaches including Random Forest, XGBoost, Light GBM, and other ML algorithms, XGBoost exhibits the highest R2, the lowest MSE and MAE, and an extremely low MAPE, demonstrating its superior prediction accuracy. Overall, this research introduces a promising avenue for advancing pavement condition assessment, offering an economically viable, data-centric solution characterized by heightened accuracy and transparency. By bridging the gap between traditional methodologies and advanced machine learning techniques, the proposed framework holds promise for revolutionizing pavement management practices.
•This study introduces a cost-effective and transparent XGBoost-SHAP framework, outperforming traditional falling weight deflectometer (FWD) methods. It effectively computes crucial pavement condition parameters, including surface and base curvature indices, damage indices, deflection ratio, and pavement profile area.•Among machine learning algorithms, XGBoost exhibits the highest accuracy in predicting five key pavement parameters, making it an ideal choice for pavement quality assessment.•Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis reveals that pavement cracking percentage significantly impacts surface and base condition indices, while California Bearing Ratio (CBR) dominates deflection ratio prediction.•This research others an economical, data-centric solution for pavement condition evaluation, addressing the challenges of extensive road networks and costly FWD testing. The XGBoost-SHAP model enhances accuracy and transparency in pavement management.
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Some soils cannot withstand heavy loads due to significantly low California Bearing Ratio and shear strength. So, to reduce this problem treatment of soil is needed to be done using different ...stabilizers like furnace slag, fly ash, limestone fines, bitumen, plastic waste etc. Itis defined as the process for improving the properties of the soil either providing physical or chemical treatments and by blending and mixing of some other materials with the soil. It helps in controlling the shrink-swell properties of soil and also improves the shear strength properties and the capacity of soil to support the loads. This paper is aimed at providing soil stabilization using the waste plastic. The main motive of this research is to evaluate the result of incorporating waste plastic bottles on the geotechnical properties of soil. Various percentages of waste plastic bottles (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) added in the soil sample and sequel the engineering properties of soil. For this, various laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples like Unconfined Compressive Strength, California Bearing Ratio, and Proctor Test etc. and compared with the soil samples without any plastic waste. The outcome of the study showed that addition of the waste plastic bottles have positive effect on the soil properties which promotes the re-use of waste plastic from industry in an economical and environmentally friendly way and it will also help with the disposal problem of these plastic wastes on some extend.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Migraine is not only known to be one of the most common causes of a headache around the globe but is also the leading neurologic cause of disability worldwide. Migraine has significant social and ...economic effects. It not only hampers patients' quality of life but also hampers work, public conduct, and family life. Migraine is one of the leading causes of morbidity in the world, so effective management is critical. Currently, medical management is the mainstay remedial approach for migraine, but with time, non-pharmacological approaches, especially neuromodulation, are gaining popularity with a shred of solid backing evidence. Neuromodulation is the process in which specific devices are used to excite the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system with electric or magnetic, or any other form of energy to regulate the abnormal behavior of neural pathways that have occurred due to the disease process. Neuromodulation devices as approved by Food and Drug Administration include non-invasive Vagus nerve stimulators, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulators, and transcutaneous supraorbital neurostimulators. The purpose of this study is to summarize the information about the advances relating to neuromodulation concerning managing and preventing migraine. This Narrative review article is prepared after analyzing various research papers and publications on PubMed and Google Scholar. This article holds brief information on understanding neuromodulation, its mechanism, its implication in managing migraine, and its different modalities with their mechanism of action and contraindications. These neuromodulation techniques can certainly be used to deal with acute migraine attacks and inhibit their progression to chronic illness. Research is required on the application of neuromodulation in the early diagnosis of migraine, which is what we still lack as a whole medical fraternity.
Concrete is the generally used building material for many kinds of structure attributable to its durability. The rubber is generated in huge quantities as waste doesn't have helpful disposal until ...currently. Thus, crumb tyre is used as the partial replacement of fine aggregate in the present study. The most parameters investigated during this study is M30 grade concrete as per IS 10262-2019 with the partial substitute of fine aggregate by crumb tyre rubber in the ratio of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. During this mix, the optimum value of crumb rubber is found out. Then alccofine is mixed in the ratio of 5%, 10% and 15% at the optimum percentage of crumb rubber. This study is evaluating the impact of crumb rubber tyre on the compressive strength and durability at the age of 7 and 28 days. The compressive strength decreases because of the crumb tyre rubber increases in the concrete which affects the bond between the rubber tyre and other concrete ingredients. The alccofine is employed to increment the reduced strength of concrete due to the utilization of waste tyre crumb rubber. Usage of alccofine showed good results in terms of compressive strength at normal curing as well as in the acid curing. The present research study helps to overcome the solid waste and used as new material in the concrete.
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