Objective
Biliary brush cytology is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pancreatobiliary malignancies. However, it is difficult to distinguish between malignant and benign cells. The ...present study evaluated the utility of immunocytochemical expression of Claudin‐18 and Maspin in brushing cytology specimens of pancreatobiliary lesions in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary malignancies.
Methods
The study retrospectively assessed biliary and pancreatic duct brushing cytology specimens of 43 patients whose pancreatobiliary lesions were histologically diagnosed at the University of Miyazaki Hospital. Scanty cellularity slides and cases with no histological confirmation were excluded. Alcohol‐fixed and Papanicolaou‐stained slides were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to Claudin‐18 and Maspin.
Results
Of the 43 patients, 35 (81.4%) were finally histologically diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity of routine cytology for the detection of malignancy was 63%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of cytology in combination with immunocytochemical expression of Claudin‐18 (89%) or Claudin‐18 and/or Maspin (97%) was significantly higher than that of cytology alone (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Immunocytochemical staining for Claudin‐18 and Maspin improved the diagnostic sensitivity for pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas.
Authors claim that this is the first study examining the Immunocytochemical staining for Claudin‐18 and Maspin in biliary brushing cytology specimens. The result of this retrospective study in 43 patients showed that the addition of these two immunological stains can improve the diagnostic sensitivity of the pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The recent K-band monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) technologies for the local multipoint distribution service systems and novel MMIC technologies for potential low-cost millimeter-wave ...MMICs are presented in this paper via a review of Fujitsu Quantum Devices Limited technology. The devices being demonstrated are a 23-26-GHz 2-W power amplifier module with a broad-band driver amplifier, a 19-33-GHz miniature low-noise amplifier, a frequency multiplier by four for K-band local oscillators, a flip-chip MMIC module for radar application, and three-dimensional MMIC image-rejection harmonic mixers. Through these devices, the recent trend of design and fabrication methodologies for the K-band and millimeter-wave devices will be described.
Objective
Although microvascular proliferation is a key feature in the diagnosis of high‐grade glioma, the characteristics of metastatic tumour vessels in smear preparations have not been documented. ...In this study, the vascular changes in metastatic brain tumours, using squash cytology to examine the vascular patterns in brain metastases, were reviewed.
Methods
One hundred and forty‐three squash smears of brain tissue, including 25 normal or reactive tissue, 23 malignant lymphomas, 8 grade I glioma (pilocytic astrocytoma), 23 grade II glioma (diffuse astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma), 42 grade IV glioma (glioblastoma), and 22 metastasis, were assessed. Two vascular patterns were assessed: thick and branching, and glomeruloid. The vessel density, nuclear layer and the number of vessel branches were compared. Furthermore, tumour vessels of brain metastases were analysed by histology and for immunohistochemical expression of CD34, α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) and high‐molecular‐weight caldesmon (h‐CD).
Results
Among 22 metastatic tumours, thick and branching vessels were found in 17 (77%) and glomeruloid vessels in 13 (59%). These incidences of microvascular proliferation patterns were similar to those of glioblastomas or pilocytic astrocytomas. Vessel density, nuclear layer and vessel wall branches were significantly higher in metastatic tumours than malignant lymphomas, grade II gliomas or normal brain tissues. Glomeruloid vessels consisted of CD34‐positive cells and α‐SMA‐positive cells, and α‐SMA‐positive cells had a low h‐CD expression. These immunohistochemical patterns were similar to those of high‐grade gliomas.
Conclusions
The vascular features of metastatic brain tumours are similar to those of glioblastomas, suggesting that these microvascular proliferations contribute to the progression of metastatic tumours.
The authors assessed vascular features of brain tissue and tumours in 143 squash smears. Metastatic brain tumours had thick and branching vessels, and glomeruloid vessels, which were similar to microvascular proliferations of high‐grade gliomas. The novel findings are useful for diagnosis of metastatic brain tumours in squash cytology.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
Compact and broad-band three-dimensional MMIC balun Nishikawa, K.; Toyoda, I.; Tokumitsu, T.
IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques,
1999-Jan., 1999-01-00, 19990101, Volume:
47, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This paper presents a simple and effective technique which compensates for the amplitude and phase differences of the Marchand balun. Compensation is accomplished by interconnecting a short ...transmission line to a pair of couplers. As a result, Marchand balun with operation frequency ranging as wide as 8.2-30 GHz is achieved. To fabricate the prototype, we adopt three-dimensional monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit technology together with a 2.5 /spl mu/m/spl times/4 layer polyimide structure stacked over a GaAs wafer. The topology yields a circuit area as small as 0.2 mm/spl times/0.4 mm for the balun.
A time-delay equivalent-circuit model of ultrafast p-i-n photodiodes (PDs) is proposed to describe the operation at high-input power levels. This model includes both the carrier transit-induced ...time-delay effect and stored charge effect of p-i-n PDs in high-power operation. These effects were represented as a linear RC circuit and capacitance, respectively, both combined in parallel to a voltage-controlled current source. The validity of this model was confirmed with good curve fitting to the measured optical-frequency responses of an ultrafast side-illuminated p-i-n PD.
Three-dimensional (3-D) microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) technology, that incorporates slits in the ground metal, was applied to K-band low noise amplifier (LNA) and I/Q mixer to ...provide a low cost solution for various K-band receivers such as for P-to-P radio, WLAN, and UWB sensors. The LNA incorporates a quasicoplanar stub in the input-matching network, improving the noise figure by 1 dB. This low-noise amplifier (LNA) exhibits a noise figure of 2.5 dB with an associated gain of 16 dB and an area of 0.75×0.65 mm 2 . The I/Q resistive mixer incorporates a broadside 3-dB coupler with a 22-μm-wide slit in the ground metal beneath the coupled thin-film micro-strip (TFMS) lines (patent pending). The insertion loss of the 3 dB coupler is 0.75 dB. The I/Q mixer exhibits a conversion loss of less than 14 dB at 0.1-2.0GHz IF frequencies for 2-dBm local input power. These LNA and mixer potentially make it easier to integrate receiver functions in a die.
The three-dimensional monolithic microwave/millimeter wave integrated circuits (MMIC) structure that places thin polyimide-film layers on wafers significantly increases the integration level of ...MMICs. We developed 9.2-12 GHz receiver and 95-14 GHz transmitter chips with 20 dB gain using the three-dimensional MMIC technology. The receiver chip includes a four-stage front-end amplifier, a local oscillator (LO) amplifier, and an image-rejection mixer in a 2/spl times/2 mm chip. The transmitter chip also includes an IF amplifier with balanced outputs, an LO amplifier, an RF buffer amplifier, and a balanced upconverter in a 1.9/spl times/1.9 mm chip. The integration levels of these chips are nearly three times higher than those of conventional planar devices. The design method of each function block, such as the amplifier and mixer, is also described.
An injection-locked oscillator (ILO) monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) chain-a cascade of low- and high-frequency-band ILOs-is proposed for simple and cost-effective millimeter-wave ...local oscillators and synthesizers. Primary 5, 20, and 50 GHz-band ILO MMICs are designed and fabricated as an ILO-chain chip set. Improvements made to the active combiner/dividers (A-C/D's), the heart of the MMIC, in the external feedback path for an amplifier to suppress spurs at the output port of 5 and 20 GHz band ILOs, and enhance the loop gain and layout flexibility at millimeter-wave frequencies. Fabricated 5 and 20 GHz-band ILO MMICs are chain-connected to confirm the design techniques. The ILO chain provides a 20 GHz-band output signal for an injection signal of 571 MHz, as well as a very low level of spurs of less than -45 dBc around the output signal. The measured results show that the proposed ILO chain is extremely suitable for developing full millimeter-wave MMIC frequency synthesizers.
A K-band bi-phase modulator MMIC for UWB application Tokumitsu, T.; Oya, A.; Piernas, B. ...
IEEE microwave and wireless components letters,
2005-March, 2005-03-00, 20050301, Volume:
15, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A 24-GHz-band, three-dimensional microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) bi-phase modulator, that is a combination of an active 0//spl pi/ splitter and a SPDT switch, is proposed and ...demonstrated. Comparing conventional K-band bi-phase modulators, this modulator is broadband, significantly MMIC compatible, and shrinks its chip area. A fabricated bi-phase modulator exhibits an area of 1.0/spl times/0.7mm/sup 2/ and a 1-dB bandwidth of nearly 10GHz. The SPDT switch is optimized in control-gate's time constant so that a very clear bi-phase modulated waveform can be generated from 1Gbps PN code. The insertion loss and the phase imbalance are 6.4 dB+/-0.6 dB and within 10/spl deg/, respectively, between 22GHz and 32GHz.
Masterslice three-dimensional MMIC (3-D MMIC) technology has (even in the millimeter-wave region) the advantages of high integration levels, simple design procedures, short turnaround time, and low ...fabrication cost. This paper clarifies the advantages of the thin-film microstrip line by drawing comparisons to the characteristics of other transmission lines. The simple design procedures of the masterslice 3-D MMIC are elucidated by referring to fabricated MMICs. A V-band amplifier and an image rejection mixer fabricated by using the same master array are demonstrated. The V-band amplifier offers an 8-dB gain and a 5.3-dB noise figure in the area of just 0.27 mm/sup 2/. The image rejection mixer achieves a conversion gain of /spl sim/10 db and an image rejection ratio of 20 db. The performance of the millimeter-wave 3-D MMIC's is competitive with those of the conventional planar-formed MMIC's.
