This paper presents an overview of alternative uses for products of sugar beet processing, especially sucrose, as chemical raw materials for the production of biodegradable polymers. Traditionally, ...sucrose has not been considered as a chemical raw material, because of its use in the food industry and high sugar prices. Beet pulp and beetroot leaves have also not been considered as raw materials for chemical production processes until recently. However, current changes in the European sugar market could lead to falling demand and overproduction of sucrose. Increases in the production of white sugar will also increase the production of waste biomass, as a result of the processing of larger quantities of sugar beet. This creates an opportunity for the development of new chemical technologies based on the use of products of sugar beet processing as raw materials. Promising methods for producing functionalized materials include the acidic hydrolysis of sugars (sucrose, biomass polysaccharides), the catalytic dehydration of monosaccharides to HMF followed by catalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA and polymerization to biodegradable polymers. The technologies reviewed in this article will be of interest both to industry and science.
This paper presents an overview of alternative uses for products of sugar beet processing, especially sucrose, as chemical raw materials for the production of biodegradable polymers.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Changes in phenolics (PhC) measured as UV-absorbing compounds (UVAC) and their localization as well as growth, lipid peroxidation (TBARS level), H
2O
2 and Cu accumulation and other ions content in ...roots of two lentil cultivars (cv. Krak and cv. Tina) contrasting in Cu sensitivity were examined. The aim of this study was to reveal the importance of PhC in Cu tolerance. During Cu treatment, inhibition of growth and increases in lipid peroxidation in roots of both cultivars were observed, but the effects were more pronounced in cv. Tina (more sensitive) than in cv. Krak (less sensitive). Cu at 0.5
mM caused higher Cu and H
2O
2 accumulation, but lower K
+ content and UVAC levels in the root tips of cv. Tina. Opposite changes were recorded in cv. Krak. Fluorescence microscopic analyses confirmed greater PhC accumulation in cv. Krak (less sensitive) than in cv. Tina (more sensitive) after Cu treatment and showed that these compounds accumulated particularly in vacuoles and the cell wall. Taken together, these results show that, in spite of the high concentration of Cu-stimulated PhC accumulation in cv. Krak, it was not sufficient to counteract the amount of ROS generated by the metal. The role of PhC in different reactions to Cu stress in lentil roots is discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
3.
HERAFitter Alekhin, S.; Behnke, O.; Belov, P. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
07/2015, Volume:
75, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
HERAFitter is an open-source package that provides a framework for the determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton and for many different kinds of analyses in Quantum ...Chromodynamics (QCD). It encodes results from a wide range of experimental measurements in lepton–proton deep inelastic scattering and proton–proton (proton–antiproton) collisions at hadron colliders. These are complemented with a variety of theoretical options for calculating PDF-dependent cross section predictions corresponding to the measurements. The framework covers a large number of the existing methods and schemes used for PDF determination. The data and theoretical predictions are brought together through numerous methodological options for carrying out PDF fits and plotting tools to help to visualise the results. While primarily based on the approach of collinear factorisation, HERAFitter also provides facilities for fits of dipole models and transverse-momentum dependent PDFs. The package can be used to study the impact of new precise measurements from hadron colliders. This paper describes the general structure of HERAFitter and its wide choice of options.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to analyze the seasonal variation in the composition and thermal properties of butterfat (BF) in order to evaluate the applicability of differential scanning calorimetry ...(DSC) for the authenticity assessment of butter. The composition of fatty acids (FA) and triacylglycerols (TAG) and the thermal properties of genuine BF purchased in the summer and in the winter from six producers were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to recognize variation and as a result, all BF samples were classified into two groups: one composed of mixed samples from the summer and winter and the other comprising only summer BF samples. DSC and GC analysis revealed that the group of only summer BF samples was characterized by lower melting temperatures and peak heights of low- and medium melting fractions and the highest proportions of unsaturated FAs (ΣC18:1, ΣC18:2, ΣC18:3). The results indicated that most of the variation in the composition and thermal properties was affected by summer BF samples, which may result from the alternative animal feeding systems employed in the summer season, i.e., pasture vs. indoor. Therefore, seasonal variation should be taken into consideration during the elaboration of the analytical method of authenticity assessment.
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The suspension poly(vinyl chloride) with the
K number 70 (PVC S-70) compound was applied as a matrix of the nanocomposite, and the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the concentration range ...between 0.01
wt.% and 0.05
wt.% as a nanofiller. The
T
g
determination was realized by means of DMTA, dielectric losses measurements and DSC measurements. In all cases the PVC matrix revealed lower
T
g
comparing with corresponding composites with CNTs, and a clear relationship between the frequency, CNT contain and the
T
g
was found. With an increase of the charging frequency an increase of
T
g
of about 3
°C by DMTA measurements, realized by frequencies
f
=
1
Hz and
f
=
10
Hz, and of 9
°C by
f
=
1000
Hz, was noted. Independent on the frequency a maximum of the
T
g
increase was observed by the CNT concentration of about 0.01–0.02
wt.%.
Within investigated MWCNT concentration the lowest impact of MWCNT on the
T
g
value were observed by the DSC measurements. This is probably due to quite different response of the nanotubes distribution on the temperature dependent PVC chain mobility.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton are reported for the leading (LO), next-to-leading (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD calculations. The parton distribution ...functions are determined with the HERAFitter program using the data from the HERA experiments and preserving correlations between uncertainties for the LO, NLO and NNLO PDF sets. The sets are used to study cross-section ratios and their uncertainties when calculated at different orders in QCD. A reduction of the overall theoretical uncertainty is observed if correlations between the PDF sets are taken into account for the ratio of
W
W
di-boson to
Z
boson production cross sections at the LHC.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this paper is to analyse the situation of aviation and air traffic in European Union and to present the relation between the number of passengers of counties on the Old Continent, which ...will make it possible to observe the relationship and identify the causes of changes. The average growth rate is also presented in this contribution. Such an analysis may be helpful in preparing airports for increasing traffic in the future. A statistical analysis of selected aspects may enable to reveal the situation related to air transport in Europe and the predictions might visualise expectations in the following years. In this paper, the methods of statistical analysis and interpretations of studies presented in a graphical way, were used. The aim of the research was to understand the dependences between countries, trends of annual growth as well as relations between number of passengers with the gross domestic product. It was observed that the number of travelled people is growing as a function of time and it is dependent with the gross domestic product. The analyzed lands have been divided into five group according the average number of passengers. Similar tendencies have been observed in most of the cases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to characterize the texture profile and meltability of pizza-style cheeses made from goat's milk and to determine their thermophysical parameters and sensory profiles. The ...functional parameters of the cheese were investigated with an emphasis on water and milk fat behavior analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, which was used to directly measure melting/freezing phase transitions in the analyzed cheese. This study was complemented by NMR measurements of the organization as well as the distribution of the aqueous phase within the emulsions constituting the cheese. The obtained goat cheese possessed two of the same moisture 37 and 42% and two of the same fat content 40 and 48% in dry matter. Increasing the moisture to 42% with a content of 48% fat in the dry matter reduces the hardness by more than two-fold. The influence of moisture and fat in the model of goat cheese regarding stretching coincides with the extensibility force required to stretch the sample. Significant correlations were found between the moisture content and the spin-lattice relaxation time. In the studied cheese, the presence of two fractions of protons relaxing with a variety of spin-spin relaxation times was observed. After storage, the hardness of the cheeses was measured to be less than the hardness immediately after production. The biggest changes, by 25.2%, occurred in the cheese with the highest moisture of 42% and the largest share of fat in dry matter of 48%. The most desirable cheese after heating and baking was the cheese with the highest moisture content of 42% and the cheese with the largest share of fat in dry matter of 48%, respectively. For pizza-style cheeses, model goat cheese pasta filata with a type of moisture of 42% and fat content in dry matter of 48% is the most predisposed to use.
•Texture profile analysis, meltability, thermophysical parameters allowed to assess utility value cheese.•Can be produce pasta filata cheese from goat milk after microfiltration.•Characteristics pizza-style cheese is evaluated after heating and baking.•The study demonstrates that water mobility has affects sensors and instrumental texture of cheese.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Changes in the biophysical traits of the pectoral muscles of chickens with deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) were analysed with selected instrumental techniques. For comparative purposes, the research ...used both samples of pectoralis minor muscles of 39–42-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens and pectoralis major muscles with DPM symptoms, as well. Computer Image Analysis (CIA) revealed that the pectoral minor muscles with DPM were characterised by smaller area of muscle fibres’ cross-sectional area (CSA) than normal muscles. A longitudinal section of DPM muscles also confirmed the presence of large spaces between the bundles of muscle fibres. The results of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that all the temperatures of transformations referring to minor muscles with myopathy symptoms were significantly lower than the temperatures noted in the muscles without DPM. The enthalpy values observed in both pectoral muscles with DPM were significantly lower than the values noted in healthy muscles. The water dynamics analysed by low-field NMR showed that the values of spin–lattice relaxation time
T
1
in
p
. major muscles without DPM were higher than the values in the muscles with the defect. On the other hand, an inverse dependence was observed in p. minor muscles samples. The value of the long relaxation time
T
22
was reduced in both muscles with pathological lesions. In conclusion, three advanced analytical tools used in this study (CIA, DSC, and LF NMR) provide new insight into the characterization of protein changes observed in the pectoral muscles of chicken broilers with DPM.
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