Background. Energy requirements must be estimated before nutritional care can be provided for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, the recommended caloric intake for patients has not been ...conclusively determined because of insufficiently large sample sizes. Method. This cross-sectional observational study recruited patients undergoing long-term HD from multiple centers as well as people in the general population without chronic kidney disease. People from both groups were matched by sex and age. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was estimated using an indirect calorimeter. Two commonly used equations for estimating REE and daily energy requirement recommended by the National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) were chosen. Results. This study had 154 HD patients and 33 matched HD–control group pairs. Age (r = −0.36, p<0.01) and dry body weight after dialysis (r = 0.54, p<0.01) were identified as the primary factors affecting total energy expenditure (TEE). When compared with measured energy expenditure, the recommended equations for evaluating energy expenditure, namely, the Harris–Benedict, Schoenfeld, and K/DOQI-recommended equations, were biased and imprecise for HD patients of different sexes and body sizes. Moreover, the TEEs of HD patients (26.8 ± 5.5 kcal/kg/day) and the matched control patients (25.3 ± 5.1 kcal/kg/day) did not significantly differ. Conclusions. Age and dry body weight are the main factors affecting the energy expenditure of HD patients. Furthermore, predicting the energy expenditure of HD patients by measuring the energy expenditure of their sedentary counterparts in the general population with the same sex, age range, and weight may yield better results than using traditional equations for predicting TEE. In East Asian populations, the TEE values were 32 and 30 kcal/kg dry weight for those aged <65 and ≥65 years, respectively. Future prospective cohort studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Novel nanoparticles (NPs) coated with chitosan which allow insulin to be administered orally were developed. The NPs could transiently and reversibly open the tight junctions in Caco-2 cell ...monolayers, thus increasing their paracellular permeability. After oral administration of the FITC-labelled NPs, fluorescence signals, co-localized with ZO-1 proteins, were observed at cellcell contact sites in the small intestine of rats. The intensity of fluorescence signals observed at the duodenum was stronger and appeared at a deeper level than at the jejunum and the ileum. The insulin-loaded NPs suspended in water were stable in typical storage conditions. Release of the loaded insulin depended greatly on the stability of the NPs at distinct pH environments. Oral administration of insulin in the form of NPs in diabetic rats demonstrated a sustained effect of decreasing the blood glucose level over at least 10 h, indicating the effect of the prepared NPs in enhancing the absorption of fully functional insulin.
Facile ligand substitution is observed when the ruthenium azido complex (PPh3)Ru-N3 (1; Ru = Tp(PPh3)Ru) is treated with CH3CN, yielding the nitrile-substituted ruthenium azido complex (CH3CN)Ru-N3 ...(2). Alkylation, 3 + 2 cycloaddition, and catalytic reactions of complex 2 have been investigated. In the case of 3 + 2 cycloaddition reactions, the metal-bound heterocyclic complexes (CH3CN)Ru-N3C2(CO2Me)2 (3a), (CH3CN)Ru-N3C2HCO2Me (5), and (CH3CN)Ru-N3C2HCN (6) are obtained from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, methyl propiolate, and fumaronitrile, respectively. The tetrazolato complex (CN)2CC(CN)2Ru-N4CC(CN)C(CN)2 (8) is prepared from 2 and TCNE. Alkylation of 3a with organic bromides affords N-alkylated five-membered-ring organic triazoles. The reaction of CS2 with 2 produces the thermally unstable thiothiatriazolate (CH3CN)Ru-N3CS(S) (10), which decomposes to the isothiocyanate (CH3CN)Ru-NCS (11). On the other hand, several cationic imine complexes {(CH3CN)Ru-(NHCHR)}+ (12a, R = H; 12b, R = CH3; 12c, R = HCCH2) are formed by the reaction of RCH2X with the negatively charged nitrogen atom of the azido ligand on RuII. The reaction proceeds via formation of an alkylimido intermediate followed by N2 evolution and proton transfer from the alkyl group to the imido nitrogen atom. Preliminary results on the catalytic activity of 2 are also presented. Interestingly, complex 2 catalyzes the dimerization of some terminal alkynes HCCR in organic and aqueous medium. Whereas with R = Ph, SiMe3, t-Bu isomeric mixtures of head-to-head and head-to-tail coupling products are obtained, in the case of R = COOMe, E-selective head-to-head dimerization takes place exclusively. The structures of 1, 8, and 12c have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abstract Background Hypovitaminosis D is associated with adverse surgical outcomes. We quantified the environmental, demographic and modifiable determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) ...concentration, and assessed the potential impact of a preoperative screening questionnaire for moderate to severe hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD <30 nmol/L). Methods In a retrospective cohort study of 227 Chinese patients (69 males, 158 females) undergoing 261 joint arthroplasty, we collected information on recent sun exposure, dietary vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplementation and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index using a questionnaire, and measured a fasting 25-OHD concentration using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before surgery. Results The multiple regression model on the determinants of 25-OHD concentration described 14% of the total variance, with the greatest relative contribution from ambient ultraviolet radiation (42%). A 4-item screening test for moderate to severe hypovitaminosis D had acceptable discrimination (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.87), good calibration (Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit P = 0.93). Decision curve analysis showed that the screening test can potentially reduce unnecessary 25-OHD testing by 390 per 1000 patients at a threshold probability of 10%. Conclusion The screening test appears moderately useful in avoiding a substantial number of unnecessary 25-OHD testing in a setting where the prevalence of moderate to severe hypovitaminosis D is less than 10%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The A-type Aurora kinase is upregulated in many human cancers, and it stabilizes MYC-family oncoproteins, which have long been considered an undruggable target. Here, we describe the design and ...synthesis of a series of pyrimidine-based derivatives able to inhibit Aurora A kinase activity and reduce levels of cMYC and MYCN. Through structure-based drug design of a small molecule that induces the DFG-out conformation of Aurora A kinase, lead compound 13 was identified, which potently (IC50 < 200 nM) inhibited the proliferation of high-MYC expressing small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. Pharmacokinetic optimization of 13 by prodrug strategies resulted in orally bioavailable 25, which demonstrated an 8-fold higher oral AUC (F = 62.3%). Pharmacodynamic studies of 25 showed it to effectively reduce cMYC protein levels, leading to >80% tumor regression of NCI-H446 SCLC xenograft tumors in mice. These results support the potential of 25 for the treatment of MYC-amplified cancers including SCLC.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the risks of perioperative respiratory complications and postoperative morbidity associated with active and passive cigarette smoking.
BACKGROUND:Environmental tobacco smoke is ...associated with perioperative respiratory events in children, but its effect in adults is unknown.
METHODS:We conducted a cohort study of 736 adult patients receiving general anesthesia for major elective surgery. Patients were classified according to their self-reported smoking history and urinary cotinine concentration within 48 hours before surgery. The main outcomes were composite measures of perioperative respiratory complications and postoperative morbidity on the third day after surgery.
RESULTS:There were 313 (42.5%) never-smokers (reference group), 92 (12.5%) passive nonsmokers, 157 (21.3%) ex-smokers without environmental tobacco smoke exposure, 53 (7.2%) passive ex-smokers, and 121 (16.4%) smokers. The incidence of perioperative respiratory complications and postoperative morbidity was 9.5% 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.5–11.8 and 29.2% (95% CI, 26.0–32.6), respectively. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of perioperative respiratory complications relative risk (RR), 4.40; 95% CI, 2.20–8.80 and postoperative morbidity (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.22–2.83). Although passive smoking was not associated with the risk of perioperative respiratory complications, the risk of postoperative morbidity was increased in passive nonsmokers (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.04–2.21) and passive ex-smokers (RR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.39–3.50).
CONCLUSIONS:One in 5 adults was exposed to environmental tobacco smoke before surgery. Passive cigarette smoking showed very little, if any, increased risk of perioperative respiratory complications. Both active exposure and passive exposure to cigarette smoke increased the risk of postoperative morbidity.
Recently, depression become a general disease in the world due to the promotion of life quality and technology development. Most of people are not aware of the possibility of getting depressed ...himself in daily life. To accurately diagnose getting depressed becomes an important issue. In this paper, we utilize ontologies and Bayesian networks techniques to build the inference model for inferring the possibility of depression. We propose an ontology model to build the terminology of depression and utilize the Bayesian networks to infer the probability of depression. In addition, the paper also proposes an agent-based platform and addresses the implementation issue. The result shows that it can be well-inferring in the depression diagnosis.
All‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been investigated because of their optical properties, such as tunable wavelength, narrow band, and high quantum efficiency. ...These features have been used in light emitting diode (LED) devices. LED on‐chip fabrication uses mixed green and red quantum dots with silicone gel. However, the ion‐exchange effect widens the narrow emission spectrum. Quantum dots cannot be mixed because of anion exchange. We address this issue with a mesoporous PQD nanocomposite that can prevent ion exchange and increase stability. We mixed green quantum‐dot‐containing mesoporous silica nanocomposites with red PQDs, which can prevent the anion‐exchange effect and increase thermal and photo stability. We applied the new PQD‐based LEDs for backlight displays. We also used PQDs in an on‐chip LED device. Our white LED device for backlight display passed through a color filter with an NTSC value of 113 % and Rec. 2020 of 85 %.
Punktstrahler: In mesoporöses Siliciumoxid (MP) eingebettete grüne Perowskit‐Quantenpunkte (PQDs) aus CsPbBr3 wurden mit roten CsPb(Br0.4I0.6)3‐Quantenpunkten in einem Siliconharz gemischt und auf einen blauen InGaN‐Chip aufgebracht. Die grünen und roten QDs wurden mit blauem 450‐nm‐Licht angeregt. Die resultierende Weißlicht‐emittierende PQD‐Leuchtdiode zeigt wegen ihrer engen Emissionswellenlänge einen breiten Farbbereich.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Perowskit‐Leuchtdioden. Die weiße LED‐Einheit, die R. S. Liu et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 8056 ff. vorstellen, beruht auf der Anregung eines Siliconharzes, das grüne Quantenpunkte aus mesoporösem ...Siliciumdioxid‐CsPbBr3 und rote CsPb(Br0.4I0.6)3‐Perowsit‐Quantenpunkte enthält und sich auf einem blauen InGaN‐Chip befindet.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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