The
genome possesses homologs of about two-thirds of all human disease genes. Based on its physiological aging characteristics and superiority, the use of
as a model system for studies on aging, ...age-related diseases, mechanisms of longevity, and drug screening has been widely acknowledged in recent decades. Lifespan increasing mutations in
were found to delay aging by impinging several signaling pathways and related epigenetic modifications, including the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Interestingly, dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to increase the lifespan of numerous metazoans and protect them from multiple age-related pathologies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In recent decades,
has been used as a unique model system for high-throughput drug screening. Here, we review
mutants exhibiting increased in lifespan and age-dependent changes under DR, as well as the utility of
for drug screening. Thus, we provide evidence for the use of this model organism in research on the prevention of aging.
In this study, the interdecadal change in the size of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) and its connection with the intensity of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) in May are investigated. ...The results show that the size of the IPWP experienced a marked interdecadal extension in the late 1980s, and its impacts on the SCSSM have also strengthened. Further analyses indicate that interdecadal changes in the connection between the IPWP and SCSSM variations are related to the changes in the atmospheric circulation anomalies over the tropical western Pacific due to the size of the IPWP. During 1951-1986, the IPWP was smaller than the climatologic size, which led to suppressed convection over the tropical western Pacific and easterly anomalies north of the equator. The Philippines and South China Sea (SCS) region was controlled by anomalous anticyclonic circulation, which was not conducive to the formation and development of the SCSSM. In contrast, during 1987-2018, the IPWP expanded significantly eastward. As a response to the IPWP size extension, convective activities were enhanced over the tropical western Pacific. Anomalous cyclonic circulation was located over the Philippines and SCS regions, which favored the enhancement of the SCSSM through wide westerly flow in the Bay of Bengal and tropical western Pacific. Moreover, it is shown that the interdecadally enhanced intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) over the tropical western Pacific in the late 1980s also favored reinforcement of the SCSSM intensity.
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with an external quantum efficiency exceeding 20% have been achieved in both green and red wavelengths
; however, the performance of blue-emitting PeLEDs ...lags behind
. Ultrasmall CsPbBr
quantum dots are promising candidates with which to realize efficient and stable blue PeLEDs, although it has proven challenging to synthesize a monodispersed population of ultrasmall CsPbBr
quantum dots, and difficult to retain their solution-phase properties when casting into solid films
. Here we report the direct synthesis-on-substrate of films of suitably coupled, monodispersed, ultrasmall perovskite QDs. We develop ligand structures that enable control over the quantum dots' size, monodispersity and coupling during film-based synthesis. A head group (the side with higher electrostatic potential) on the ligand provides steric hindrance that suppresses the formation of layered perovskites. The tail (the side with lower electrostatic potential) is modified using halide substitution to increase the surface binding affinity, constraining resulting grains to sizes within the quantum confinement regime. The approach achieves high monodispersity (full-width at half-maximum = 23 nm with emission centred at 478 nm) united with strong coupling. We report as a result blue PeLEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 18% at 480 nm and 10% at 465 nm, to our knowledge the highest reported among perovskite blue LEDs by a factor of 1.5 and 2, respectively
.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A series of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) was launched in Beijing, China, on January 24, 2020, to control coronavirus disease 2019. To reveal the roles of NPIs on the respiratory syncytial ...virus (RSV), respiratory specimens collected from children with acute respiratory tract infection between July 2017 and Dec 2021 in Beijing were screened by capillary electrophoresis‐based multiplex PCR (CEMP) assay. Specimens positive for RSV were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by G gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using iqtree v1.6.12. The parallel and fixed (paraFix) mutations were analyzed with the R package sitePath. Clinical data were compared using SPSS 22.0 software. Before NPIs launched, each RSV endemic season started from October/November to February/March of the next year in Beijing. After that, the RSV positive rate abruptly dropped from 31.93% in January to 4.39% in February 2020; then, a dormant state with RSV positive rates ≤1% from March to September, a nearly dormant state in October (2.85%) and November (2.98%) and a delayed endemic season in 2020, and abnormal RSV positive rates remaining at approximately 10% in summer until September 2021 were detected. Finally, an endemic RSV season returned in October 2021. There was a game between Subtypes A and B, and RSV‐A replaced RSV‐B in July 2021 to become the dominant subtype. Six RSV‐A and eight RSV‐B paraFix mutations were identified on G. The percentage of severe pneumonia patients decreased to 40.51% after NPIs launched. NPIs launched in Beijing seriously interfered with the endemic season of RSV.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As the world faces water shortage and pollution crises, the development of novel visible light photocatalysts to purify water resources is urgently needed. Over the past decades, most of the reported ...photocatalysts have been in powder or granular forms, creating separation and recycling difficulties. To overcome these challenges, a flexible and recyclable heterostructured TiO2/polyvinylidene fluoride/graphitic carbon nitride (TiO2/PVDF/g-C3N4) composite was developed by combining electrospinning, sintering and hydrothermal methods. In the composite, PVDF was used as a support template for removing and separating the photocatalyst from solution. Compared with pure TiO2, the TiO2/PVDF/g-C3N4 composite exhibited the extended light capture range of TiO2 into the visible light region. The photogenerated carriers were efficiently transferred and separated at the contact interface between TiO2 and g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation, which consequently increased the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. In addition, the flexible composites exhibited excellent self-cleaning properties, and the dye on the photocatalysts was completely degraded by the as-prepared materials. Based on the intrinsic low cost, recyclability, absorption of visible light, facile synthesis, self-cleaning properties and good photocatalytic performances of the composite, the photocatalyst is expected to be used for water treatment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
miR-5100 participates in the proliferation of lung cancer and pancreatic cancer cells, and participates in the differentiation of osteoblasts. However, the regulation of gastric cancer cells in ...gastric cancer cells remains unclear.
The blood of patients was collected to detect the expression level of miR-5100, and the apoptosis and autophagy levels of cells were detected using western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal. At the same time, in vitro tumor formation experiments in nude mice were used to verify the results of in vitro experiments.
The expression of miR-5100 is related to the prognosis of gastric cancer, miR-5100 can enhance the apoptosis level of gastric cancer cells and inhibit the occurrence of autophagy by targeting CAAP1. MKL1 can inhibit the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells and promote the occurrence of autophagy by targeting CAAP1. At the same time, MKL1 can also increase the expression of miR-5100.
Our research reveals the mechanism by which the MKL1/miR-5100/CAAP1 loop regulates apoptosis and autophagy levels in gastric cancer cells, and miR-5100 is expected to become a new potential target for gastric cancer treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
North tropical Atlantic (NTA) spring sea surface temperature (SST) tends to be warmer (cooler) than normal in Central Pacific (CP) El Niño decaying years during 1960s to mid-1980s. However, the ...relationship between the NTA spring SST and CP El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is weakened after mid-1980s. This study presents this interdecadal change and investigates possible causes. Before the mid-1980s, above-normal NTA SST peaks in post-El Niño spring. The CP El Niño can affect NTA spring SST by inducing a negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomaly over North Atlantic from winter to spring. This negative NAO circulation weakens the Azores High and causes weaker than normal trade wind. As a result, less heat loses from the NTA Ocean and above-normal SST anomalies generated. In contrast, after the middle 1980s, the connection between CP ENSO and NAO-like anomaly has been disrupted. This leads to a weakening of CP ENSO influences on the NTA spring SST. The observed change in the relationship between NTA spring SST and CP ENSO is likely related to the state of the polar vortex. Before the middle 1980s, the polar vortex is weak, this favors the propagation of ENSO-related wave flux. The Rossby wave trains spread to the stratosphere during El Niño conditions and cause weaker than normal polar vortex, resulting in a negative NAO in the low levels. And the subtropical jet is enhanced and elongated which provides a potential waveguide for wave activity propagating to the Atlantic through a tropospheric way. However, the polar vortex is strong after mid-1980s, preventing the propagation of the ENSO-related wave trains through the stratosphere or the troposphere.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Designing highly selective and cost‐effective electrocatalysts toward electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is crucial for desirable transformation of greenhouse gas into fuels or high‐value ...chemical products. Here, the authors report intermetallic Cu3Sn that is in situ formed and seamlessly integrated on self‐supported bimodal nanoporous Cu skeleton (Cu3Sn/Cu) via a spontaneous alloying of Sn and Cu as robust electrocatalyst for selective electroreduction of CO2 to CO. By virtue of Sn atoms strengthening CO adsorption on Cu atoms, the intermetallic Cu3Sn has an intrinsic activity of ≈10.58 μA cm−2, more than 80‐fold higher than that of monometallic Cu. By virtue of hierarchical bicontinuous nanoporous Cu architecture facilitating electron transfer and CO2 and proton mass transport and offering high specific surface areas for full use of electroactive Cu3Sn sites, the nanoporous Cu3Sn/Cu hybrid electrodes produce CO at a low overpotential of 0.09 V, and exhibit high partial current density of ≈15 mA cm−2geo at overpotential of 0.59 V, along with excellent stability and selectivity of 91.5% Faradaic efficiency. The outstanding electrochemical performance make them attractive alternatives to precious Au‐ and Ag‐based electrocatalysts for building low‐cost CO2 electrolyzers to selectively produce CO.
Hierarchical nanoporous Cu–Sn hybrid electrodes that are composed of intermetallic Cu3Sn in situ formed and seamlessly integrated on nanoporous Cu skeleton hold great promise as high‐performance electrocatalysts for electrochemical reduction CO2 to CO. They exhibit superior electrocatalysis by virtue of abundant Cu3Sn working as electroactive sites with a high intrinsic activity and Cu skeleton facilitating electron transfer/mass transport.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Thyroid cancer remains the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide, and its incidence has steadily increased over the past four years. Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is the most common ...differentiated thyroid cancer, accounting for 80–85% of all thyroid cancers. Mitochondrial proteins (MRPs) are an important part of the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondrial ribosomal complex. It has been reported that MRPL9 is highly expressed in liver cancer and promotes cell proliferation and migration, but it has not been reported in PTC. In the present study we found that MRPL9 was highly expressed in PTC tissues and cell lines, and lentivirus-mediated overexpression of MRPL9 promoted the proliferation and migration ability of PTC cells, whereas knockdown of MRPL9 had the opposite effect. The interaction between MRPL9 and GGCT (γ-glutamylcyclotransferase) was found by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation experiments (Co-IP). In addition, GGCT is highly expressed in PTC tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of GGCT/MRPL9 in vivo inhibited the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice and inhibited the formation of lung metastases. Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of GGCT/MRPL9 inhibited the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study found that the interaction of GGCT and MRPL9 modulates the MAPK/ERK pathway, affecting the proliferation and migration of PTC cells. Therefore, GGCT/MRPL9 may serve as a potential biomarker for PTC monitoring and PTC treatment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
X-ray images typically contain complex background information and abundant small objects, posing significant challenges for object detection in security tasks. Most existing object detection methods ...rely on complex networks and high computational costs, which poses a challenge to implement lightweight models. This article proposes Fine-YOLO to achieve rapid and accurate detection in the security domain. First, a low-parameter feature aggregation (LPFA) structure is designed for the backbone feature network of YOLOv7 to enhance its ability to learn more information with a lighter structure. Second, a high-density feature aggregation (HDFA) structure is proposed to solve the problem of loss of local details and deep location information caused by the necked feature fusion network in YOLOv7-Tiny-SiLU, connecting cross-level features through max-pooling. Third, the Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) method is employed to alleviate the convergence complexity resulting from the extreme sensitivity of bounding box regression to small objects. The proposed Fine-YOLO model is evaluated on the EDS dataset, achieving a detection accuracy of 58.3% with only 16.1 M parameters. In addition, an auxiliary validation is performed on the NEU-DET dataset, the detection accuracy reaches 73.1%. Experimental results show that Fine-YOLO is not only suitable for security, but can also be extended to other inspection areas.
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