Green thin films for food packaging are essential and growing in recent years to reduce the dependence on petroleum‐derived plastics. In this study, the glycerol‐plasticized chitosan film ...incorporated with 1–3% of crude Piper betel Linn. leaf (PBLL) extract was prepared via facile casting process and was characterized by scanning electron microscope, attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, UV–Vis, contact angle, water content, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The film improved the protective properties of the sole chitosan and enhanced the UV‐blocking ability of glycerol‐plasticized chitosan film in the regions of Ultraviolet B (280–320 nm) and Ultraviolet A (320–390 nm), resulting in suitable film for food packaging applications. Furthermore, the presence of PBLL extract predominantly containing phenolic compounds in blend film induced very strong antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. The modified chitosan films increased the hydrophilic property resulting in high potential in degradability and can also protect the king orange by coating with the shelf life‐prolonging up to 18 days at 20°C with acceptable appearance and texture. Our results can be developed to produce industrial green thin films to protect fruits during transportation and preservation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This research combined ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) to recover phenolic and flavonoid components from mangosteen rind. The antioxidant activities ...were determined using DPPH, ABTS+, and hydroxyl assays. NADES prepared from lactic and 1,2–propanediol had the highest extraction efficiency based on the total flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic contents (TPC). Single-factor experiments were employed to assess the influence of UAE conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature, water content in NADES, and time) on TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activities. NADES-based UAE conditions were optimized using response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design model on five dependent responses (TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, and OH). The optimal conditions for the lactic-1,2–Propanediol-based UAE process were 76.7 ml liquid/g solid with 30.3% of water content at 57.5 °C for 9.1 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to examine the surface morphology of mangosteen rind before and after sonication. This study proposes an efficient, green, and practical approach for recovering phenolics and flavonoids from mangosteen rinds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To create artificial visual perception systems, artificial retina structures that can imitate the behavior of the biological retina in human vision are of great interest. However, these devices have ...limited abilities to emulate the structure and working principles of human retinas and the fiber‐shaped structure of optic nerves. Here, a bio‐inspired artificial retina based on a fibrous photonic artificial synapse (FPAS) formed by organic–inorganic heterojunctions on a single fiber is proposed. The two‐terminal structure of the FPAS can emulate the structure and working principle of the human retina, fiber‐shaped optic nerves, and the synaptic functions of optic neurons. The proposed FPAS is operated without external power by modulating the capture and release of photo‐generated carriers and the photo‐gating effect at the barriers formed by organic–inorganic heterojunctions. A bio‐inspired artificial retina structure can be created by aligning an FPAS on a flexible substrate to detect and memorize patterned ultraviolet light distribution for a certain period of time, after which the stored pattern image gradually decays. This artificial bio‐inspired retina device has great potential for use in wearable fiber‐structured neuromorphic visual systems.
Inspired by human retina structure, a fibrous photonic artificial synapse (FPAS) is developed by forming organic–inorganic heterojunctions on a single fiber. The FPAS emulates the structures of the human retina and optic nerves, as well as the working principle and synaptic functions of optic neurons. The FPAS array demonstrates the ability to detect and memorize patterns of UV light exposure over an extended period of time.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Coastline vegetation cover monitoring is critical for human survival because of plants are known as the most important dunes stabilizer. Evaluation of vegetation using Geographical Information ...Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) was carried out in some areas of the Truong Sa Islands (Truong Sa island: A1; Nam Yet island: A2; Sinh Ton island: A3; Son Ca island: A4; Song Tu Tay island: A5). The study’s primary goal was to analyze salt-tolerant plants based on a data field survey conducted between 2020–2022 using an analysis of Sentinel-2 images taken between 2016 and 2021. Most of the islands show an increase in vegetation cover. Overall, plant species have mostly grown on dunes and sandy soil: (1) Herbaceous plants are dominated by
Ipomoea pes-caprae
(L.) R.Br.,
Chromolaena odorata
(L.) R.M. King and H. Rob.; (2) Shrubland communities are dominated by Poaceae, Asteraceae, Goodeniaceae families; (3) Group of woody plants are dominated by
Heliotropium arboreum
(Blanco) Mabb
.
,
Barringtonia asiatica
(L.) Kurz.,
Calophyllum inophyllum
L.,
Coccoloba uvifera
(L.) L.,
Casuarina equisetifolia
L.,
Terminalia catappa
L.,
Catharanthus roseus
(L.) G. Don,
Scaevola taccada
(Gaertn.) Roxb. Results have shown that the islands located in the northern latitudes have more diverse flora than the islands in the southern part. The size of these coral islands has expanded from 2016 to 2021, leading to the growth of vegetation coverage and biodiversity support for human and societal needs. This study provides important data to expand further studies to islands in different latitudes, actively supporting biodiversity management and protecting remote islands’ soil and sand resources.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study deployed ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), combined with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), to extract phenolics and flavonoids from the black mulberry fruit, and the antioxidant ...activity was examined. The extraction yields of NADES-based UAE were assessed based on the yields of phenolics and flavonoids extracted from the black mulberry fruit. This study selected the molar ratios of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors HBD at 1:2 from previous studies. Choline chloride-lactic acid showed the highest solubility with phenolics and flavonoids among NADES systems. One-factor experiments evaluated the effect of UAE conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR), water content in NADES, temperature, and time) on TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. The suitable NADES-based UAE conditions for extracting phenolics and flavonoids from the black mulberry fruit were 60 ml/g of LSR, 40% water content, 70 °C, and 15 min. Response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design model optimized the NADES-based UAE process based on response (TPC, TFC, ABTS, OH, and DPPH). The optimal conditions for the NADES-based UAE process were 70 ml/g of LSR, 38.9% water content in NADES, 67.9 °C, and 24.2 min of extraction time. The predicted values of the Box-Behnken design were compatible with the experimental results. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to survey the surface of black mulberry fruit with and without sonication. SEM can assist in demonstrating the destructive effect of NADES and ultrasonic waves on material surfaces. SEM findings indicated the high surface destruction capacity of NADES, which partially contributed to a superior extraction yield of NADES than conventional organic solvents. The study proposes an efficient and green method for extracting bioactive compounds from black mulberry fruits. The black mulberry fruit extracts can be applied to meat preservation and beverages with high antioxidants.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The study evaluates the surface water quality of the Bach Dang river basin. During the rainy season, the temperature, pH, EC, BOD
5
, COD, coliforms, ammonium and phosphate values were 27 ...°C–37 °C, 6.6–8.9, 300–2200
μ
S cm
−1
, 5–25 mg l
−1
, 5–26 mg l
−1
, 0–3000 MPN/100 mL, below 0.01 mg l
−1
, and 0.02 mg l
−1
, respective. During the rainy and dry seasons, Zn, Pb, Cr, As, Fe and Mn levels were below drinking water limits. In the rainy season, the water quality index varied from 76 to 91, signifying medium to excellent water quality. The most outstanding water quality sites were the QN12, QN18, and QN22. During the dry season, most areas had moderate to excellent (WQI values between 61 and 93), except for QN01, QN03, QN04, QN05, QN06, QN07, QN11, QN16, QN17, QN19, and QN23, where it dropped to moderate (61–73). The temperatures were greater and higher EC values in the southeast. The DO concentrations were higher in the northwest and southeast in both seasons. The southern and southeastern regions exhibited more excellent COD and BOD
5
values than the western, southwest, north, and northeast regions. The ammonium concentrations were higher in the southeast. During the dry season, the phosphate levels exceeded the permissible limit in the west, southeast, east, and northeast. Coliforms were below acceptable in both seasons, with greater levels in the northwest and northeast during the dry season. In addition, the Zn and Pb are favorably associated with the As, Mn, ammonium and phosphate in the rainy season. The COD positively correlated with the coliforms and BOD
5
. In the dry season, the pH inversely correlated with the Pb and Fe positively. The ammonium correlated negatively with the DO and positively with the phosphates. The pH negatively connected with the alkalinity, while the As positively correlated with the BOD
5
and COD.
Silk fibroin is a natural polymer with physicochemical properties heavily dependent on its silkworm sources and cultivation conditions. Hence, this study critically compared the characteristics and ...capacity to generate micro-/nanoparticles of fibroin extracted from the Thai silk and Vietnamese silk. Both Thai fibroin (SFT) and Vietnamese fibroin (SFV) were extracted and fabricated into micro-/nanoparticles using the same methods of desalination and condensation, respectively. Firstly, the amino acid compositions of SFT and SFV were determined and found to be similar, suggesting that the different cultivation conditions did not alter the fibroin chemical contents. Secondly, utilizing various analytical techniques, the SFT structure revealed less heavy chains, more light chains and P-25 glycoproteins, and lower crystallinity than those of SFV. Accordingly, compared to the particles formed by SFT, the SFV-based particles were significantly bigger (∼1700 nm vs. ∼150 nm), and possessed less drug (Amphotericin B) entrapment efficiency (64.3 ± 4.4% vs. 79.3 ± 5.1%), higher hemototoxicity, and less biostability in the blood. Conclusively, these differences add more insights for the appropriate applications of each fibroin kind to best promote its qualities and effectiveness.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The current study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its fractions (ethyl acetate (EAF), hexane (HEF), and aqueous (AEF)) from ...leaves of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) grown in Vietnam. A total of 31 compounds which belong to alkanes, hydrocarbons, iodine, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids were determined by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, with bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate being the most prevailing compound. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained in the EAF, followed by HEF, CEE, and AQF. All samples showed promising in vitro antibacterial activity, enzyme inhibition, and anticancer activity. Among the samples tested, the EAF exhibited the highest enzyme inhibition activity against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase (IC50 values of 51.24 μg/mL and 99.29 μg/mL, respectively), cytotoxicity activity against HeLa cells (IC50 value of 79.49 μg/mL), and antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 5 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that the leaves of A. occidentale cultivated in Vietnam are a promising source of bioactive components and that EAF is a promising bioactive material warranting further pharmaceutical investigation.
This work aimed to identify the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the Anacardium occidentale L. leaf extract and fractions. A total of 31 compounds were determined. The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents and consequently showed the highest in vitro antibacterial activity, enzyme inhibition, and anticancer activity, thus warranting further pharmaceutical applications
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after ...stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population.
AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921.
Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 3% vs seven 1%; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 3% vs six 1%; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten 2% vs two <1%; p=0·038) at 6 months.
Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke.
National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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