A comprehensive study of the valence state and the local coordination character of Mn1−xYbxS (x = 0; 0.01; 0.05) solid solutions has been performed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with ...finite difference method calculations. The good agreement between experimental and calculated data indicates that cationic substitution does not lead to significant changes in the manganese local coordination character. The ytterbium atoms are found to be in the trivalent state, while the manganese and sulfur atoms are in the divalent state.
According to the experimental and calculated data, the ytterbium atoms are in the trivalent state, the manganese and sulfur atoms are in divalent state in the cation-substituted solid solutions Mn1−xYbxS (x = 0; 0.01; 0.05). Display omitted
•Charge state studies of Mn1−xYbxS performed using XANES, XES and quantum chemistry.•The Yb atoms are in the trivalent state, the Mn and S atoms are in divalent state.•The Mn → Yb substitution does not changes the local environment structure of Mn.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
. Various types of mustard and its forms differ significantly from each other in a set of morphological, biological, biochemical and other economically important traits. Both brown and ...black mustard are in great demand.
Materials and methods
. The study was conducted in 2009– 2018 on the brown mustard cultivar ‘Rosinka’ using the VNIIMK techniques. Promising cultivars of brown mustard (‘Zolushka’, ‘Nika’, ‘Yunona’) and black mustard (‘Niagara’) as well as source material with good breeding prospects were evaluated for their economic significance.
Results and discussion
. Individual selection based on self-pollination in the seed production of brown mustard population cultivars was found to facilitate identification of high-yielding lines, promptly increase the yield of cultivars, isolate lines exceeding the initial population in oil yield, and obtain biotypes with unusual fatty acid composition. The best accessions demonstrated an increase of 1.0–2.9% in their oil content. Besides, the selected material had the yield at the same or higher level than the reference (on average, 3.22 t/ha). An increase of oil yield varied from 0.23 to 0.36 t/ha. The technique of recurrent individual selection of elite plants from interspecific hybrid populations with the use of selfpollination resulted in developing 3 brown mustard cultivars: ‘Zolushka’, ‘Nika’ and ‘Yunona’. One of the important trends in mustard breeding is the development of cultivars with a high content of allyl mustard oil. As a result of this work, a new brown mustard cultivar was developed (‘Gorlinka’). One of the representatives of the economically important Brassicaceae family is the black mustard. Its new cultivar ‘Niagara’ was developed by recurrent individual selection from accession k-2632 preserved in the collection of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). In competitive trials ‘Niagara’ demonstrated an average yield at the level of 1.5–1.7 t/ha, and the oil content in seeds of 37.0– 40.0%. Cv. ‘Niagara’ has a short growing season.
New iron(II) coordination compounds with 2,6-bis(4,5-dimethyl-1
H
-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L) and
closo
-borate(2–) anions FeL
2
B
10
H
10
⋅2H
2
O and FeL
2
B
12
H
12
⋅H
2
O have been synthesized. ...The compounds have been identified and studied by CHN analysis, electron spectroscopy (diffuse reflection spectroscopy), IR, Mössbauer, and EXAFS spectroscopies, X-ray powder diffraction, and static magnetic susceptibility. The structures of the coordination knots of complexes FeL
2
B
10
H
10
⋅2H
2
O and FeL
2
B
12
H
12
⋅H
2
O has been obtained by modeling the EXAFS spectra. The ligand is coordinated by the iron(II) ion in a tridentate-cyclic manner by two nitrogen atoms of imidazole cycles and a nitrogen atom of pyridine to form the FeN
6
coordination knot. The study of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility in the range of 80–500 K has showed that the high-temperature spin-crossover
1
А
1
↔
5
Т
2
manifests itself in the obtained compounds.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The study of the valence state, local environment structure and magnetic properties of novel type CuCr
0.99
Ln
0.01
S
2
(Ln = La, Ce) solid solutions was carried out using X-ray absorption ...spectroscopy, finite difference method simulations and static magnetic susceptibility measurements. The good agreement between experimental and calculated data indicates that cationic substitution does not lead to significant changes in the copper, chromium and sulfur local environment character and electronic density distribution. The copper atoms were found to be in Cu
+
oxidation state, the sulfur atoms—in S
2−
oxidation state and the chromium atoms—in Cr
3+
state. The cationic substitution of chromium by lanthanum and cerium in CuCrS
2
does not significantly affect the effective magnetic moment and exchange interactions character. The lanthanum-doped CuCr
0.99
Ln
0.01
S
2
solid solution demonstrates the Seebeck coefficient value 4 times greater than for CuCrS
2
-matrix at 500 K.
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Reaction of pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde with hexane-3,4-dione and ammonium acetate affords 2,6-bis(4,5-diethyl-1
H
-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L) which was used as ligand in the synthesis of iron(
ii
) ...chloride complex FeL
2
Cl
2
•H
2
O. Conclusions about the structure of the coordination site of the complex were drawn based on the results of IR spectroscopy, EXAFS spectroscopy, static magnetic susceptibility studies, and quantum chemical calculations.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
The article presents the research data on the effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on the plant productivity of winter and spring rapeseed, brown mustard, and white ...mustard. As a result of studies, we found that Fusarium blight (the pathogens are fungi of the genus
Fusarium
Link) was the most harmful for the spring rapeseed, brown and white mustard – affection by it significantly decreased plant productivity. At 4 points of affection degree of plants, the harmfulness of the disease reached 71.2, 82.4, and 87.2 %, respectively. On winter rapeseed and mustard, plant productivity was considerably decreased by affection by Phoma rot in the form of a stem cancer (the pathogen is a fungus
Leptosphaeria maculans
(Desm.) Ces. et. De Not) and the stem form of Sclerotinia blight (the pathogen is a fungus
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(Lib.) De Bary.). The harmfulness of these diseases at 4 points of affection degree of plants reached 56.7 % and 66.7 % on rapeseed, and 56.6 % and 70.7 % on mustard, respectively.
Abstract
The purpose of the research was a comparative evaluation of the disease affection of spring and winter forms of
Brassica napus
and
Brassica juncea
on the central zone of the Krasnodar ...region. Phytosanitary monitoring of diseases was carried out from the seedling stage. In 2011-2020, there were identified the diseases affecting winter and spring crops
Brassica napus
and
Brassica juncea
to the same extent: the occurrence frequency of downy mildew and powdery mildew was high, of Alternaria blight – from medium to high, of phytoplasma and bacterial blight – low. Differences are established for Sclerotinia disease, Phoma rot, Fusarium blight, white rust, gray rot. The occurrence frequency of Sclerotinia disease on winter form of
Brassica napus
and
Brassica juncea
varied in research years from low to medium, of Phoma rot – from medium to high; on spring forms, these diseases were noted in certain years with the low frequency. Fusarium blight affected only sowings of spring forms of
Brassica napus
and
Brassica juncea
with medium and high frequency, except for 2018-2019, when it was low. White rust affected only spring from of
Brassica napus
, gray rot – only winter forms of
Brassica napus
and
Brassica juncea
in certain years with the low frequency.
Abstract
The article presents a study of the effect of a biological insecticide preparation containing bacteria of
Bacillus
Cohn genus (concentration not less than 2x10
9
CFU/ml
3
) at the ...application rate of 5.0 l/ha with the addition of liquid fertilizers of different compositions (high-molecular weight fertilizer based on organic polymers at the rate of 5.0 l/ha and mineral fertilizer with silicon dioxide at the rate of 1.0 l/ha) and used for plant treatment on the number of insect pests of mustard (
Brassica juncea
L.):
Athalia rosae
L.,
Plutella xylostella
L.,
Meligethes aeneus
F. These pest species can destroy the generative organs of plants almost completely in a few days if they have a dense population in mustard sowings. We established that one treatment is sufficient for the effective decrease of
Athalia rosae
L., in the case of
Plutella xylostella
L.,
Meligethes aeneus
F., there have to be two treatments of crop plants. The biological effectiveness of the biological preparation separately and in mixture with liquid fertilizer was high (at the same level as a chemical insecticide) and amounted to 92-100 %.
Abstract
During the growth season, the plants of rapeseed (
Brassica napus
L.) and brown mustard (
Brassica juncea
L.) are affected by various diseases: Fusarium blight, Verticillium blight, ...Alternaria blight, and others. The cultivation of rapeseed and mustard varieties resistant to diseases is a cost-effective and environmentally safe way to protect plants from diseases. The aim of the work was to evaluate the new breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight in the form of tracheomycotic wilting of plants to continue breeding work to develop varieties of these crops. In 2017-2020, we carried out a phytopathological evaluation of new breeding samples of rapeseed and brown mustard for resistance to Fusarium blight. As a result, we selected a valuable breeding material of spring rapeseed and brown mustard resistant to Fusarium blight infection, which also exceeds the standard by economic characters. The productivity of the best selected samples is higher than the varieties Tavrion and Nika by 0.13-0.59 and 0.18-0.28 t/ha, respectively, the oil content of seeds – by 0.2-2.0 and 1.2-2.1 %, respectively. These samples will be used as donors of Fusarium blight resistance in breeding work during development of new varieties of spring rapeseed and brown mustard in the central zone of Krasnodar region.
Spin-Orbit Interactions in Osmium Complexes Asanov, I. P.; Fedorenko, A. D.; Vasilchenko, D. B. ...
Surface investigation, x-ray, synchrotron and neutron techniques,
06/2023, Volume:
17, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Osmium compounds with the Os 5
d
4
electron configuration and an octahedral environment of neighboring atoms attract much attention due to the influence of the spin-orbit interaction on the ...appearance of magnetic properties in materials. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy makes it possible to obtain information about the value of the spin–orbit interaction from measuring the intensity ratio of lines near the absorption edges. The influence of the spin–orbit interaction on the Os
L
2,3
-edge XANES spectra of osmium compounds having an octahedral environment of halogen atoms is studied. Two types of systems are investigated, namely, isolated osmium clusters in complex compounds and the OsCl
4
compound containing Os polymer chains bridged by Cl atoms. Magnetic-susceptibility measurements show a nonmagnetic ground state and Van Vleck paramagnetism in the case of isolated clusters and a nonzero magnetic moment over the entire temperature range in OsCl
4
. As a result of measurements of the XANES spectra, high values of the line intensity ratio are obtained near the Os
L
3
/
L
2
absorption edges, which is associated with the strong effect of the spin-orbit interaction on the electronic structure. The theoretical analysis of the XANES spectra of Os compounds with different ligands and outer-sphere cations shows that the electronic structure and magnetic properties depend on the spin–orbit interaction, the crystal-field splitting, the electron-pairing energy, and noncubic distortions of the Os environment.
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